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BCBA Section F
section F BCBA exam
36
Psychology
Graduate
10/21/2021

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Premack Principle
Definition
Making the opportunity to engage in high-probability behavior contingent upon the occurrence of low-probability behavior will function as a reinforcer for low-probability behavior
Term
Response Deprivation Hypothesis (RDH)
Definition
Restricting access to the behavior creates deprivation that serves as the EO
Term
Imitation (FMIC)
Definition
F – Formal Similarity
M – Model
I – Immediacy
C – Controlled Relation
Term
Generalized Imitation
Definition
when the model is novel and still evokes an imitation
Term
Two types of models
Definition
planned and unplanned
Term
5 steps of imitation training
Definition
1. assess and teach prerequisite skills
2. select models
3. pretest
4. sequence models
5. implement training
Term
Guidelines for imitation training
Definition
-keep active and short.
-reinforce prompted and unprompted imitation.
-Pair verbal praise and attention with tangible reinforcers.
-If progress breaks down, back up and move ahead slowly
-Record data
-Fade out prompts
Term
Shaping
Definition
systematically and differentially reinforcing successive approximations to a terminal behavior; teaches novel behavior; changes response requirements
Term
Differential reinforcement
Definition
reinforcing those responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion along some dimension and placing all other responses in this class on extinction
Term
Successive Approximations
Definition
Sequence of new responses classes that emerge during the shaping process as a result of differential reinforcement. Each successive approximation is closer to the terminal behavior
Term
Response Differentiation
Definition
behavior change produced by differential reinforcement; Reinforced behaviors occur more frequently; unreinforced occur less frequently; overall result is new response class
Term
Two types of shaping methods (AW)
Definition
Across and within
Term
Across shaping
Definition
Shaping across response topographies; topography changes but behavior is in same response class
Term
Within shaping
Definition
Shaping within response topographies; topography does not change; another measurable dimension changes
Term
Fading
Definition
changing antecedent stimuli
Term
Behavior Chain
Definition
specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition, where each response and the associated stimulus condition serve as an individual component of the chain. When components are linked, they produce a terminal outcome
Term
Each response in chain produces stimulus change that simultaneously serves two functions
Definition
Conditioned reinforcer for the response that produced it and
An SD for the next response in chain
Term
3 important characteristics of behavior chain
Definition
Performance of specific set of discrete responses
Performance of each response changes the environment so that it produces conditioned reinforcement for the preceding response and an SD for the next response
Chain must be completed in order, usually close in time
Term
Behavior Chain with a Limited Hold (LH)
Definition
chain must be finished correctly and within a certain amount of time
Term
Behavior Chain vs Chaining
Definition
-Behavior chain – specific sequence of behavior that leads to reinforcement
-Chaining – various methods for linking specific sequences of stimuli and responses to form new performances
Term
Benefits of Chaining
Definition
Increase independent living skills
Increases current repertoire
Can be combined with other strategies in a treatment package
Term
Task analysis
Definition
Breaking complex skills into sequential, teachable units in a series of sequentially ordered steps
Term
Chaining Steps
Definition
1. Create and confirm task analysis
2. Assess baseline level of mastered steps
3. Decide on behavior chaining methods
Term
Three methods to create task analysis
Definition
Observe a competent individual performing the task
Consult with experts or persons skilled with performing the task
Perform the task yourself
Term
two methods to assess step mastery
Definition
single opportunity and multiple opportunity
Term
multiple opportunity
Definition
Evaluates baseline level of mastery across all behaviors in task analysis. If a step is wrong, out of sequence, or exceeds the time limit, behavior analyst completes that step and then prompts the learner to do the next step
Term
Single opportunity
Definition
Assesses ability to perform each behavior in correct sequence. A + or – is scored for each correct or incorrect behavior. Once scored a minus (-) all subsequent steps are assigned – and assessment immediately stops
Term
4 behavior chaining methods (FB BLAT)
Definition
F – Forward
B – Backward
BLA – Backward with Leap Aheads
T – Total Task
Term
Forward Chaining
Definition
Behaviors taught in naturally occurring order. Once first step has been mastered, learner is required to complete steps 1 and 2 in order to earn reinforcement. This continues for each step until all steps of task analysis are completed correctly
Term
Backward Chaining
Definition
Trainer completes all initial steps except for last step at which point…
Individual is taught to complete last step and…
Once individual has mastered last step, they are required to complete last two steps to receive reinforcement
Term
Backward with Leap Aheads Chaining
Definition
Same protocol as backward but not every step in the task analysis is trained
Term
Total Task Chaining
Definition
Every step is taught every session. Each step individual is unable to perform is trained until they are able to perform in correct order
Term
Interrupting and Breaking Behavior Chains
Definition
Method designed to lessen behavior by unlinking one element of the chain from the next one so that one link no longer serves as an SD for the next link, nor as a conditioned reinforcer for the prior link
Term
Behavior Chain Interruption Strategy (BCIS)
Definition
Relies on ability to perform critical steps of the chain independently but the chain is interrupted at a predetermined step so that another behavior can be emitted
Term
Breaking an Inappropriate Chain
Definition
1. Reexamine the SD and the response
2. Determine whether similar SDs cue different responses
3. Determine if SDs in natural setting differ from training SDs
4. Identify the presence of novel stimuli in the setting
Term
Factors affecting the performance of behavior chains
Definition
- Completeness of task analysis
- Length or complexity of chain
- Schedule of Reinforcement
- Stimulus variation
- Response Variation
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