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BCBA C
Study
142
Psychology
Graduate
09/01/2025

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Term
A teacher says that there is a functional relation b/t a student's seat location and staying on-task when sitting in the first row of the class, and does not stay on task and often talks to peers when sitting in the last row of the class.
A. The teacher has likely identified a causal relationship.
B. The teacher has likely identified a functional relationship.
C. Tell the teacher that you will observe the child and determine what is and what is not a functional relation.
D. The teacher has demonstrated a functional relationship.
Definition
B. The teacher has likely identified a functional relationship.
Term
When the experimenter manipulates the response rate requirement to earn points for typing letters that match those on the screen, the student's ability to adjust the font and size of letters on the screen is an example of what?
A. Dependent Variable
B. Independent Variable
C. Confounding Variable
Definition
C. Confounding Variable.
Term
Experimental data repeatedly indicate that every time the teacher walks into the room, on-task behavior increases.
A. A casual relationship is demonstrated
B. A functional relationship is demonstrated
C. Extinction is demonstrated
Definition
B. A functional relationship is demonstrated.
Term
When the experimenter manipulates the probability of teacher attention for slapping, the probability of attention is an example of the?
A. Independent Variable
B. Confounding Variable
C. Dependent Variable
Definition
A. Independent Variable
Term
When the experimenter manipulates the response rate requirement to earn points for typing letters that match letters on the screen, the number of letters typed per minute is an example of the
A. Extraneous Variable
B. Independent VARIABLE
c. Confounding variable
D. Dependent Variable
Definition
D. Dependent Variable
Term
Whole-interval Recording Tends to:
A. Overestimate Duration
B. Underestimate Frequency
C. Overestimate Frequency
D. Underestimate Duration
Definition
D. Underestimate Duration
Term
When using momentary time sampling.
A. Rcord the duration of behavior at the end of the interval
B. Use only fixed intervals
C. Use intervals that are either variable or fixed.
Definition
C. Use intervals that are either variable or fixed.
Helps avoid reactivity, making it hard to predict when observation will occur.
Term
The teacher records when a student is reading by marking a plus for each 5-minute interval where the student has looked at the book page for any amount of time during the time interval. Which sampling procedure is the teacher using?
A. Partial-Interval recording
B. Momentary Time Sampling
C. Whole Interval Recording
Definition
A.Partial Interval Recording
Term
A partial-interval data collection system is appropriate for measuring.
A. Verbal and Nonverbal Social Approaches
B. Taking a toy from a peer during free play
C. Joint focus on a project with peers.
D. (ALL OF The Above)
Definition
A. Verbal and non-verbal social approaches
The onset/offset approaches may be unclear, and their topography and duration may vary.
Term
The external validity of research in behavior analysis is established through.
A. Maintenance of Treatment Effects
B, Controlling confounding variables
C. Direct and Systematic Replication
Definition
C. Direct and Systematic Replication
Term
When completing a computerized program to learn how to type, the most valid measure of your typing progress would be a report indicating.
A.How Many words per minute do you correctly type each session?
B. The duration of time it took you to complete each session.
C.The percentage of correct words you typed during each session.
Definition
A.How Many words per minute do you correctly type each session?
Term
The internal validity threat called "coincidental intervention"
A. Treatment not being implemented as planned.
B. Interaction of Multiple Treatments during the experiment or intervention.
C, Situation wherein a behavior was changed as the intervention was beginning to work.
Definition
C. Situation wherein a behavior was changed as the intervention was beginning to work.
Term
Validity is the:
A. Measure of an experimental result's consistency and reliability.
B. Extent to which a measure accurately reflects the phenomenon of interest
C. Degree to which a result or conclusion is accepted.
Definition
B. Extent to which a measure accurately reflects the phenomenon of interest
Term
The generality of a study's findingse3 to other settings and behaviors is ?
A. Social Validity
B. Internal Validity
C. External Validity
Definition
C. External Validity
Term
Which is an example of establishing external validity? The SIB INTERUPTION PROCEDURE.
a. Also worked with 2 other 5-year-olds with ASD.
B. Simultaneously changed the child's rate of aggression
c. continued to produce low rates of SI SIX MONTHS post treatment.
D.W. was carried out precisely in both the day and residentialy program.
Definition
a. Also worked with 2 other 5-year-olds with ASD.
Term
Internal Validity can be threatened by confounding variables related to the?
A. Measurement
B. Independent Variable
C. Setting
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Definition
d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Term
Expelling tears from the eyes, accompanied by loud vocalizations, whimpering, or moaning. What type of operational definition is this?
A. Topographical
B. Functional
Definition
A. Topographical
Term
A good operational definition is what?
A. Objective
B. Clear
C. Complete
D. All of the above
Definition
D. All of the above.
Term
The onset of “hitting” behavior is when the hand contacts any part of another individual’s body with enough force to make a sound. The offset of hitting behavior is when the hand ceases contact with another individual's body, including Slapping, punching, and striking. Not including shaking hands, giving high-fives, or fist bumps. What type of operational definition does this statement exemplify?
A.oBJECTIVE
B. Clear
C. Complete
D. A AND B
Definition
C.Complete
Identify the specific margins for the onset and offset of the behavior, and what is included and excluded
Think: All the likely circumstances of the behavior.
Term
Aggressive behavior refers to physical contact with another individual using a significant amount of pressure to create audible sounds, possibly leaving a mark on the other person's skin.
What type of operational definition does this statement exemplify?
A.oBJECTIVE
B. Clear
C. Complete
D. A AND B
Definition
B. Clear
Readable and unambiguous (i.e., can be understood by others) without requiring additional information
Term
Use “staring at the parent when the parent is spending time with a sibling” instead of “exhibiting jealousy.”
“Expressing Anxiety”
“Being a good person,” “being well-intentioned,” “generous”
What type of operational definition does this statement exemplify?
A.oBJECTIVE
B. Clear
C. Complete
D. A AND B
Definition
A. Objective
Identify the observable parts of the behavior and environment.
Translate inferred descriptions into more objective ones. Ensures reliable recording.
Increases accuracy, reliability, and believability when evaluating an intervention’s effectiveness.
Term
: A practitioner observes and measures the target behavior as it occurs. What type of measure is this?
A. Indirect measure
B. Direct measure
C.Both A and B
D. None of the above
Definition
B. Direct Measure
Measuring the actual behavior of interest as it is occurring. What is measured=What is happening when it is actually happening.
Think: Real-Time Measurement
Term
Asking a parent to report on their follow-through with directives using a rating scale or Standardized tests as an indicator of mastery of social studies. What type of measure is this?
A. Indirect measure
B. Direct measure
C.Both A and B
D. None of the above
Definition
A. Indirect Measure
Behavior is measured in such a way that it produces a secondhand account of what actually happened.
Violates applied dimensions ABA
When data is indirect, practitioners work harder to justify the validity of their findings.
Term
Seeing an empty dishwasher measures the frequency of emptying the dishwasher. What type of measure is this?
A. Indirect measure
B. Direct measure
C.Both A and B
D. Permanent Product Measure
Definition
D. Permanent Product Measure.
Measuring behavior by looking at the changes the behavior produced on the environment after it has occurred. Indirect Measure of Behavior.
Contrived occurrences, such as video or tape recordings, can measure it. The measured behavior must be the only thing that could have produced the outcome.
Term
What are the 3 types of repeatability/occurrence measures?
A. count
B.celeration
c.rate
D. All of the above.
Definition
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE.
Term
Sally clapped her hands six times. Which measure should be used?
A. frequency
B.celeration
c.count
D. Both A and C
Definition
D. Both A and C
Frequency is another term for count.
A measurement of the number of occurrences of a specific behavior.
Think: How many times a behavior occurs.
Term
Joey ate 12 Jellybeans in 2 minutes
Vs Cale ate 12 jelly beans in 5 seconds. Which measure should be used?
A. frequency
B.celeration
c.rate
D. Both A and C
Definition
C. Rate
Measurement of the number of occurrences in a given period of time.
Term
Elizabeth's response rate accelerated over time.
A. frequency
B.celeration
c.rate
D. Both A and C
Definition
B. Celeration:
A measurement of the changes in rate over time. Uses a standard celeration chart. Examining how rates of response decrease or increase over time, measuring fluency, and precision teaching.
Term
What is a derivative measure?
A. Trials to criterion
B. Percentage (described below)
C. Frequency.
D. Both A and B.
Definition
D. Both A and B
They are both measurements that are derived from a count
Term
Your client participates in 10 trials of tacting (naming) colors on flashcards. They correctly identify the color name four times. The percentage of correct identification can be calculated as follows: (4 / 10) x 100 = 40% What are the 3 types of repeatability/occurrence measures?
A. count
B.percentage
c.rate
D. All of the above.
Definition
B. Percentage
A Measurement that is derived from a count, therefore, an occurrence measurement.
Term
Imagine that you are utilizing SAFMEDS (Say All Fast Minute Every Day Shuffled) to study ABA vocabulary terms. You set a goal to correctly identify 40 vocabulary terms in 1 minute. You practice your SAFMEDS deck once per day until you achieve the criteria you set for yourself. It takes you 62 days to identify 40 terms correctly in 1 minute. What measure are you using?
A. trials to criterion
B.percentage
c.rate
D. All of the above.
Definition
A. Trials to criterion
Trials to criterion involves measuring how many responses it took in order to achieve a specific performance goal (Cooper, Heron, and Heward, 2007).
Term
Sanju can correctly touch his cell phone buttons, but doesn’t touch with enough force to successfully make a call. A procedure was implemented to shape the intensity with which Sanju pushes the button. What type of measure should be used here?
A.Magnitude
B. Rate
C. Topography
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Definition
A. Magnitude
A measurement that depicts strength, force intensity, and/or severity of behavior.
Term
What are the names of some temporal dimensions?
A. Temporal Extent
B. Temporal Locus
C. Temporal eXTENSION
D. Temporal Location
E.A. and B
Definition
E. A and B
Temporal Locus Measures- Describes the point in time at which a behavior is measured.
. Temporal Extent Measures (Duration)- A measurement that depicts the length of time that a behavior occurs from its onset to its offset. Generates frequency and count measures.
Term
A measurement that depicts the length of time that a behavior occurs from its onset to its offset. It is defined as?
A. Temporal Extent
B. Temporal Locus
C. Temporal eXTENSION
D. Temporal Location
E.A. and B
Definition
A. Temporal Extent
A measurement that depicts the length of time that a behavior occurs from its onset to its offset.
Generates frequency and count measures.
Term
Describes the point in time at which a behavior is measured. It is defined as?
A. Temporal Extent
B. Temporal Locus
C. Temporal eXTENSION
D. Temporal Location
E.A. and B
Definition
B. Temporal Locus
Term
What are some temporal locus measures?
A. Latency
B. Interresponse time
C. A and B
D. Duration
Definition
C. A and B
Term
What is a temperol extent measure?
A. Duration
B. Count
C. Latency
D. Rate
Definition
A. Duration
Term
Measure the length of time each instance of Diego's target behavior?
A. Duration
B. Count
C. Latency
D. Rate
Definition
A. duration
A measurement that depicts the length of time that a behavior occurs from its onset to its offset.
Term
If a therapist says, “Touch your head,” and the child touches their head 3 seconds later, the latency is 3 seconds. If the child doesn’t respond at all, the latency is often recorded as “no response” or a time limit is set (e.g., 10 seconds max). Which measure is being used?
A. Duration
B. Count
C. Latency
D. Rate
Definition
C. Latency
Measurement that depicts the duration of time between the presentation of a stimulus (Sd) and the onset of a behavior.
Think: How long does it take a student to follow an instruction?
Term
A patient is engaging in vocal outbursts, which the behavior analyst is tracking. They record the time that elapses between the end of each vocal outburst and the beginning of the following one.
Which measure is being used?
A. Duration
B. Count
C. Latency
D. INTERESPONSE
Definition
D. Interespmse
A measurement that depicts the duration of time that elapses between consecutive instances of a behaviCoor
Term
Which are all continuous measures?
A.Rate, Duration, Count
B. MOMENTARY TIME Sampling; count.rate
C, Rate, Duration, Count
D.Rate, Duration, playchek
Definition
A.Rate, Duration, Count
Term
Which are all discontinuous measures?
A.Rate, Duration, Count
B. MOMENTARY TIME Sampling; count.rate
C, Rate, Duration, Count
D.whole interval, momentary interval, Playchek
Definition
D.whole interval, momentary interval, Playchek
Term
An interval recording method is used to estimate the overall occurrence of a behavior by measuring the number of intervals during which the behavior occurs throughout the entire interval. Produces an estimate of total duration. This is?
A. Momentary Interval Recording.
B. Whole Interval Recording
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Playchek.
Definition
B, Whole interval Recording
Term
An interval recording method is used to estimate the overall occurrence of a behavior by measuring the number of intervals during which the behavior occurred at any time within the interval. Measure the percentage of intervals in which the behavior occurred. This is what type of sampling?
A. Momentary Interval Recording.
B. Whole Interval Recording
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Playchek.
Definition
C. Partial Interval Recording
Term
A time sampling method used to estimate the overall occurrence of a behavior by measuring the number of intervals during which the behavior occurs AT THE END OF THE INTERVAL. What type of interval is this
A. Momentary Interval Recording.
B. Whole Interval Recording
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Playchek.
Definition
C. Momentary Interval Recording
Term
A variation of momentary sampling is used specifically for measuring the behavior of a group. Estimate the overall occurrence of group behavior by measuring the number of individuals who are emitting the behavior at the end of the interval. What sampling is this?
A. Momentary Interval Recording.
B. Whole Interval Recording
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Playchek.
Definition
D. Playcheck
Term
Measures the number of response opportunities required to achieve a pre-specified level of performance. It can be measured as count, rate, duration, and latency. What measure is this?
A. Momentary Interval Recording.
B. Whole Interval Recording
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Trial to criterion
Definition
D. Trials to criterion
Term
Weighting the difference b/t the cost of implementing an intervention and the benefit. Which Type of analysis is this?
A. Cost-Benefit Analysis
B. Parametric Analysis
C. Comparative Analysis
D. Component Analysis
Definition
A. Cost-Benefit Analysis
Term
This description is observer drift?
A.When observers collect data, there is a shift in how they interpret the operational definitions of the target behavior.
B. When data are influenced by the observer's awareness that they are being monitored and evaluated.
C.When an observer's measurement is influenced by an expectation or belief rather than by what actually occurs quantitatively.
D.Poorly created measurement systems
Definition
A. When observers collect data, there is a shift/drift in how they interpret the operational definitions of the target behavior.
Term
This description is reactivety?
A.When observers collect data, there is a shift in how they interpret the operational definitions of the target behavior.
B. When data are influenced by the observer's awareness that they are being monitored and evaluated.
C.When an observer's measurement is influenced by an expectation or belief rather than by what actually occurs quantitatively.
D.Poorly created measurement systems
Definition
C.When data are influenced by the observer's awareness that they are being monitored and evaluated
Term
Is this description a measurement bias?A.When observers collect data, there is a shift in how they interpret the operational definitions of the target behavior.
B. When data are influenced by the observer's awareness that they are being monitored and evaluated.
C.When an observer's analysis is influenced by an expectation or belief rather than by what actually occurs quantitatively.
D.Poorly created measurement systems
Definition
C. When an observer's measurement is influenced by an expectation or belief rather than by what actually occurs quantitatively. Expectations that a target behavior will occur under certain conditions or change with a specific treatment can influence what is recorded and threaten the accuracy of measurement. Example: Knowing that someone has a criminal past and thinking that they are on Megans law and making restrictions based on this.
Term
When a measurement that produces data is applicable and specific to the target behavior, and why that behavior is being measured
Think: Are you measuring the right behavior? What measurement is this?
A, Validity
B. Accuracy
C. Reliability
D. None of the above.
Definition
A Validity
Term
The degree to which repeating a measurement procedure produces the same result. The dependability of measurement
What measurement is this?
A, Validity
B. Accuracy
C. Reliability
D. None of the above.
Definition
C.Realiability
Term
In ABA refers to the correctness of the data collected about a behavior. If you’re measuring a child’s behavior, ensure that the data you collect is precise and reflects what is actually happening. This is essential for forming treatment decisions that are based on solid, trustworthy data.
A, Validity
B. Accuracy
C. Reliability
D. None of the above.
Definition
B. Accuracy
Term
What is a measurement artifact?
A. Data represents an unwarranted and misleading picture of behavior because of how it was measured. Think: The Data are not wrong, but they are misleading
B. When data are influenced by the observer's awareness that they are being monitored and evaluated.
C.When an observer's analysis is influenced by an expectation or belief rather than by what actually occurs quantitatively.
D.Poorly created measurement systems
Definition
A. Data represents an unwarranted and misleading picture of behavior because of how it was measured. Think: The Data are not wrong, but they are misleading
Term
Three Causes of Measurement Artifacts:
A. Poorly Scheduled Measurement Periods.
B. Limiting Measurement Scales: A scale that imposes an artificial floor or ceiling on behavior.
C. Time sampling and Interval Recording. Can underestimate behavior.
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Definition
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Term
The indicator of trustworthy measurement ensures the dependability of the measurement. What Type of measurement is this?
A. Accuracy
B. Reliability
C. vALIDITY
D. None of the above.
Definition
B. Reliability
Term
What time sampling method is there a chance that a lot of the behavior of interest is missed or unaccounted for?
A. Partial Interval
B Momentary Interval
C. Whole Interval
Definition
B. Momentary Interval
Problem: Gives an Estimate because it can miss a lot of behavior in the beginning, middle, and end.
Term
This time sampling method is recommended for measuring behaviors that are being targeted for reduction.
A. Partial Interval
B Momentary Interval
C. Whole Interval
(C.6)
Definition
A. Partial Interval
Term
This type of measurement accounts for every instance of behavior during a given period of time.
A. Continuous Measurement
B.Discontinuous Measurement
C. Duration
D. None of the above.
Definition
A. Continuous Measurement
When behavior is measured in such a way that it details every instance of the target behavior during a specified period. Think: Count, Rate, Duration.
Term
Data that represents a misleading picture of a behavior because of the way the behavior was measured are?
A. Obswever Drift
B.Measurement Artifact
C. Reactivity
D. Measurement Bias
Definition
B. Measurement Artifact.
Data presents an unwarranted and misleading picture of behavior due to the way it was measured. Think: The Data are not wrong, but they are misleading
Term
The stoplight turned green. 1.2 seconds later, James pressed the gas pedal for 17 seconds until he saw a police car. .5 seconds after seeing the police car, James pressed the brake pedal. What was the latency of pushing the gas pedal?
A..5
B. 18.2 seconds
C. 17 seconds
D. 1.2 seconds
Definition
A. 1.2 seconds
Measurement that depicts the duration of time between the presentation of a stimulus (Sd) and the onset of a behavior.
Think: How long does it take a student to follow an instruction?
Term
The stoplight turned green. 1.2 seconds later, James pressed the gas pedal for 17 seconds until he saw a police car. .5 seconds after seeing the police car, James pressed the brake pedal. What was the latency of pushing the brake pedal?
A..5
B. 18.2 seconds
C. 17 seconds
D. 1.2 seconds
Definition
A. .5 seconds
Measurement that depicts the duration of time between the presentation of a stimulus (Sd) and the onset of a behavior.
Think: How long does it take a student to follow an instruction?
Term
After 3.5 seconds of prompting Mary,she finally got up and placed her dishes in the diswasher which took her 6 secons to complet. In this scenario 6 seconds refers to?
A. Latency
B. Duration
C. Percent Compliance
d. Inter-Response Time
Definition
B. Duration
Temporal Extent Measures (Duration)- A measurement that depicts the length of time that a behavior occurs from its onset to its offset.
Generates frequency and count measures.
Term
Darius speaks too loudly. His behavior analyst uses a measuring device and differentially reinforces Darius's speaking below 90db. Which dimension of measurement is being used?
A. Magnitude
B. Permanent Product
C. Differential Reinforcement
D. Topography
Definition
A. Magnitude
: A measurement that depicts strength, force intensity, and/or severity of behavior.
Term
When would you select topography as a measurable dimension to record?
A. When shaping the form of a behavior
B. When shaping the frequenct of a behavior
C. When shaping the intensity of a behavior.
D. Anytime the intervention is shaping a behavior.
Definition
A. When shaping the form of a behavior
Term
You want to measure how long it takes your client to learn how to put on his pants independently. What would be an appropriate measure?
A. Frequwnct
B. Trials to Criterion
C. Percent of Occurrence
D. IRT
Definition
B. Trials to criterion
Term
You want to measure how often your client puts his pants on independently. What would be an appropriate measure?
A. Frequency
B. Percent of Occurrence
C. Trials of Criterion
D. IRT
Definition
B. Percent of Occurrence
Term
This type of behavioral definition identifies responses as members of the targeted responses class solely by their common effect on the environment.
A. Topography-Based Definition
B. Target Behavior Definition
C. Function-Based Definition.
Definition
C. Function-Based Definition
Term
This type of behavioral definition identifies the response by the shape or form of the behavior.
A. Topography-Based Definition
B. Target Behavior Definition
C. Function-Based Definition.
Definition
A. Topography-Based Definition
Term
You are working with a client, trying to increase the occurrences of appropriate requests when they ask for an item. What might be the behavioral definition for the behavior?
A. Defined as Mary being polite when wanting an item
B. Defined as Mary showing manners by asking nicely for items that she wants,
C. Defined as Mary having proper Manners when requesting an item.
D. Defined as Mary naming the item she wants as well as saying "please"
Definition
D. Defined as Mary naming the item she wants as well as saying "please"
Term
What is the purpose of writing observable and measurable behavioral definitions?
A. To ensure that contingencies are delivered at appropriate times (contingent on said behavior)
B. All answers are correct
C. To ensure inter-observer agreement is high with data collection
D. To encompass the entire behavior of concern
Definition
B. All answers are correct
Term
Which of the following is the best example of an observable and measurable behavioral definition?
A. Getting Upset
B. Hitting any person with an open hand or closed fist
C, Hitting
D. Engaging in angry outbursts
Definition
B. Hitting any person with an open hand or closed fist.
Term
Which of the following will strengthen a behavioral definition?
A.All answers are correct
B. Data collection guidelines, such as the onset and offset of the behavior.
C. Examples
D. Non-examples
Definition
A. All answers are correct
Term
Tray engages in encopresis, where he will defecate all around the house. What is missing from the following behavioral definition? "Defined as Tray decating anywhere other than the toilet. The frequency of the behavior will be tracked by marking a tally after every occurrence of Tray engaging in the behavior.
A. Nothing
B. There needs to be a more observable definition
C. Add examples and non-examples
D. The definition needs to be more individualized to Tray's circumstance.
Definition
C. Add examples and non-examples.
Term
Which of the following is not a discontinuous measurement procedure?
A. Momentary Time Sampling
B. EVENT RECORDING
c. WHOLE interval Recording

D. Partial Interval Recording
Definition
B. Event Recording
Term
Rate is an appropriate measure for which of the following behaviors?
A. Free Operants
B. Continuoys behaviors (behaviors that last a long time)
C. All answers provided are correct
D. Behavior within discrete trials.
Definition
A. Free Operants
Measuring free-operant behavior (i.e, behaviors that have discrete beginning and ending points and are free to occur anytime)
Not For: Measuring restricted operant (i.e., behaviors that occur only within restricted conditions such as DTT.
Term
John, a BCBA, wants to measure how often George engages in tongue clicking. What would be an appropriate measure?
A. Trials to Criterion
B. Percentage
C, Rate
D. Latency
Definition
C, Rate
measurement of the number of occurrences in a given period of time.
Term
Rate is measured using which measurable dimension of behavior?
A. Repeatability
B. Tempral Extent
C. Temporal Locus
D. Temporal locus and temporal extent
Definition
A Repeatability
Term
Duration is based on which measurable dimension of behavior?
A. Temporal Locus
B, Repeatability abd Temporal Locus
C.Temporal Extent
D. Repeatability
Definition
C. Temporal Extent
Term
During a single session, Mary observed John engaging in angry outburts for 2 minutes,then again for 3 minutes,then again for 2 minutes.What is the total duration of angry outburts during that session?
A. 2 minutes
B. 2 minutes 30 seconds
C. 3
D. 7 MINUTES
Definition
d. 7 MINUTES
2+3+2= 7
Term
After 3.5 seconds of prompting Mary, she finally got up and placed her dishes in the dishwasher, which took her 6 seconds to complete. What is the latency of Mary complying with the prompt?
A. 100%
B. 3.5 seconds
C. 6 seconds
D. 9.5 secons
Definition
B. 3.5 seconds
Term
During a session of observation, Rachel hits her head. 8 seconds later, she hits her head again. 3 SECONDS LATER SHE starts yelling, which lasts for 30 seconds. 18 seconds later, she yells again. What is the IRT of yelling during this session?
A. 8seconds
B. 30
C. 3 SECONDS
D. 18 seconds
Definition
D. 18 seconds
Term
With regards to delivering high-fives, Alberto hits his friends' hands too hard, resulting in peers refusing to interact with Alberto. As his behavior analyst, which measure would be most crucial when focusing on reducing how hard he hits others?
A. Topography
B. Magnitude
C. Frequency
D. Location
Definition
B. Magnitude
Term
Darius speaks too loudly. His behavior analyst uses a measuring device and differentially reinforces DARIUS speaking below 90DS. Which dimension of measurement is being used?
A. Topography
B. Magnitude
C. Frequency
D. Location
Definition
B. Magnitude
Term
When would you select magnitude as a measurable dimension to record?
A.When shaping the frequency of a behavior?
B. When shaping the intensity of a behavior
C. Anytime the intervention is shaping a behavior
D. When shaping the form of a behavior
Definition
B. When shaping the intensity of a behavior
Term
Jonah needs to deliver feedback to one of his employees, who has repeatedly completed a necessary document incorrectly. Which of the following measures did Jonah note needs to be addressed?
A duration
B. Frequency
C. Topography
D. MAGNITUDE
Definition
c. tOPOGRAPHY
Term
Jonah needs to deliver feedback to one of his employees, who has not completed a necessary document as often as required. Which of the following measures did Jonah note needs to be addressed?
A duration
B. Frequency
C. Topography
D. MAGNITUDE
Definition
B. Frequency
Term
You want to measure how long it takes your client to learn how to put on his pants independently. What would be an appropriate measure?
A.Trial to Criterion
B. iRT
C. Percent of Occurrence
D. Frequency
Definition
A. Trials to criterion
Term
What is one of the uses of collecting trials to criterion data?
A. For the BCBA to look back at the "cost"
of treatment.
B. For the learner to see their own progress.
C. To see the frequency of problem behavior.
D. To determine what the learner will do next
Definition
A. For the BCBA to look back at the "cost" of treatment.
Measures the number of response opportunities required to achieve a pre-specified level of performance. It can be measured in terms of count, rate, duration, and latency.
Term
What is one of the uses of collecting trials to criterion data?
A. For the learner to see their own progress.
B.To determine what the learner will do next.
C.To see the frequency of problem behavior
D. To determine if the learner's progress is accelerating.
Definition
D. To determine if the learner's progress is accelerating.
Term
During this discontinuous measurement procedure, the teacher momentarily observes a group of students and records the number of children engaging in the behavior.
A. Whole Interval Recorning
B. Momentary Time Sampling
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. PLACHEK
Definition
d. PLACHEK
Term
During a 10-second interval, Ruby engages in disruptive behavior twice for 5 seconds total duration. Using a partial interval recording procedure, what would be marked on the data sheet?
A"no"
B. "Yes"
C. 2
D. 5 seconds
Definition
B. "Yes"
Term
During a 10-second interval, Ruby engages in disruptive behavior twice for 5 seconds total duration. Using a whole interval recording procedure, what would be marked on the data sheet?
A"no"mak
B. "Yes"
C. 2
D. 5 seconds
Definition
A. "No"
Term
During this discontinuous measurement procedure, the observer marks "yes" when the behavior occurs at all during the entire session observed.
A. Whole Interval Recorning
B. Momentary Time Sampling
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. PLACHEK
Definition
C. Partial Interval Recording
Term
During this discontinuous measurement procedure, the observer marks "yes" when the behavior occurs during the entire session observed.
A. Whole Interval Recording
B. Momentary Time Sampling
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. PLACHEK
Definition
A. Whole Interval Recording
Term
Identify the formula to calculate EXACT COUNT-PER NTERVAL IOA
A. (Smaller count/larger)*100
B. (number of intervals of 100% IOA)/n intervals * 100
C. (Int 1 IOA +Int 2 IOA+ INT N IOA)/N INTERVAL * 100
D, Number of Trials agreement/total number of trials * 100
Definition
B. (number of intervals of 100% IOA)/n intervals * 100
Term
Identify the formula to calculate TOTAL COUNT iOA.
A. (Smaller count/larger)*100
B. (number of intervals of 100% IOA)/n intervals * 100
C. (Int 1 IOA +Int 2 IOA+ INT N IOA)/N INTERVAL * 100
D, Number of Trials agreement/total number of trials * 100
Definition
A. (Smaller count/larger)*100
Term
During a session of observing behavior, observer 1 measured 18 occurrences of problem behavior. Observer 2 measured 20 occurrences of problem behavior. To calculate the IOA for this session, which IOA measure should be used?
A. Total Count IOA
B.Trial by Trial IOA
C. Mean Count Per Interval IOA
D, Exact Count Per-Interval IOA
Definition
A. TOTAL COUNT IOA
Term
Identify the formula to calculate Trial by Trial IOA.
IOA measure should be used?
A. (Smaller count/larger)*100
B. (number of intervals of 100% IOA)/n intervals * 100
C. (Int 1 IOA +Int 2 IOA+ INT N IOA)/N INTERVAL * 100
D, Number of Trials agreement/total number of trials * 100
Definition
D, Number of Trials agreement/total number of trials * 100
Term
With regard to behavior analytic measurement procedures, reliability refers to.
A. The extent to which the measured value is believiable
B, The extent to which a measurement procedure produces the same value when repeatedly contacting the behavior of interest.
C. The extent to which the behavior is affected by those observing the behavior
D. The extent to which the measurement corresponds to the true value.
Definition
B, The extent to which a measurement procedure produces the same value when repeatedly contacting the behavior of interest.
Term
With regard to behavior analytic measurement procedures, accuracy refers to.
A. The extent to which the measured value is believiable
B, The extent to which a measurement procedure produces the same value when repeatedly contacting the behavior of interest.
C. The extent to which the behavior is affected by those observing the behavior
D. The extent to which the measurement corresponds to the true value.
Definition
D. The extent to which the measurement corresponds to the true value.
Term
Mary is a BCBA and has an RBT collecting data on a client engaging in elopement. Many suspect the RBT to be making up data, but aren't sure. What should Mary do?
A. Measure and calculate IOA
B, Praise the RBTS for good data collection practices and ask them to do a little bit better
C. Implement corrective action on the RBTS so that they collect more accurate data
C. Conduct an accuracy assessment on the measure of elopment.
Definition
A. Measure and calculate IOA
Term
Which of the following behaviors is best suited for measurement using whole interval recording?
A. John remains quiet during a meditation session
B.Lisa tapping her toes
C.Tom is laughing at a comedy show
D.Sarah is doodling while listening to a lecture
Definition
A. John remains quiet during a meditation session
Whole interval recording measures behaviors that occur continuously over a set period. John's quietness during meditation is a sustained behavior
Term
Whole interval recording?
A, Provide an exact measure of behaviors
B.Underestimates actual behavior
C. Overestimates actual behavior
Definition
C. Overestimates actual behavior
Overestimates the total duration of behavior.
Term
Use this discontinuous measurement: When working to increase a behavior, specifically one that should occur for long stretches of time (e.g., attention to task)?
A. Momentary Time Sampling
B. Whole Interval Recording
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Playchek.
Definition
B. Whole Interval Recording
Term
Use for measuring more than one behavior or more than one person's behavior at a time, when working to decrease a behavior, when resources prohibit continuous measurement of behavior.
A. Momentary Time Sampling
B. Whole Interval Recording
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Playchek.
Definition
C. Partial Interval Recording
Term
Partial Interval Recording?
A, Provide an exact measure of behaviors
B.Underestimates actual behavior
C. Overestimates actual behavior
Definition
C. Overestimates actual behavior
Overestimates Behavior: Tends to overestimate the actual duration of the behavior, as the entire interval is marked as "behavior occurred" even if the behavior only happened for a moment.
Term
USE FOR: When not able to measure behavior throughout the interval (as needed in whole and partial interval procedure)for easily identifiable behaviors like task engagement, when measuring multiple behaviors at the same time.
A. Momentary Time Sampling
B. Whole Interval Recording
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Playchek.
Definition
A. Momentary Time Sampling
Term
This can both overestimate (at short intervals) and underestimate (at long intervals) the duration of behavior when compared to event recording.
A. Momentary Time Sampling
B. Whole Interval Recording
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Playchek.
Definition
A. Momentary Time sampling
Term
A teacher records data on his students' engagement during a targeted activity by setting a 5-minute timer. interval timer and then counting the students who are engaged with the activity at the end of each specified interval (when the timer goes off)
A. Momentary Time Sampling
B. Whole Interval Recording
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Playchek.
Definition
D. PLAYCHEK
Term
If a practitioner believes that the target behavior currently occurs at a low rate and should increase to around 100% with the intervention (e.g., on-task behavior), This time sampling be used?'
A. Momentary Time Sampling
B. Whole Interval Recording
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Playchek.
Definition
B. Whole Interval Recording
Term
When a measurement produces data that is applicable and specific to the target behavior, and why that behavior is being measured
A. Reliability
B. Accuracy
C. Validity
D. All of the above
Definition
C. Validity
Term
Data represents an unwarranted and misleading picture of behavior because of how it was measured. Think: The Data are not wrong, but they are misleading
A. Measurement Artifact
B. Reactivity
C.Measuring the wrong thing
D. Observer Drift
Definition
A. Measurement Artifact
Term
An indicator of trustworthy measurement. The degree to which what was quantitatively measured (observed value) is representative of what actually occurred (true value)
A. Reliability
B. Accuracy
C. Validity
D. All of the above
Definition
B. Accuracy
Term
The degree to which repeating a measurement procedure produces the same result. The dependability of measurement
A. Reliability
B. Accuracy
C. Validity
D. All of the above
Definition
A. Reliability
Term
When data are influenced by the observer's awareness that they are being monitored and evaluated
A.Observer Drift
B. Reactivity
C.Measurement Bias
Definition
B.Reacivity
Term
When an observer's measurement is influenced by an expectation or belief rather than by what actually occurs quantitatively. Expectations that a target behavior will occur under certain conditions or change with a specific treatment can influence what is recorded and threaten the accuracy of measurement
A.Observer Drift
B. Reactivity
C.Measurement Bias
Definition
c. Measurement Bias
Term
When observers collect data, there is a shift/drift in how they interpret the operational definitions of the target behavior.
A.Observer Drift
B. Reactivity
C.Measurement Bias
Definition
A. Observer drift
Term
Displays the amount of behavior that occurs across a specific period. Displays the level of some quantifiable feature of the dependent variable in relation to the independent variable at the time the data was recorded.
A. Bar Graph
B. Line Graph
C. Cumulative Recorder
D. Scatter Plot
Definition
B. Line Graph
Term
Use for displaying unrelated discrete sets of data with a common dimension, grouping summative performance, separating data sets that aren’t related, and comparing unrelated data
A. Bar Graph
B. Line Graph
C. Cumulative Recorder
D. Scatter Plot
Definition
A. Bar graph
Term
A continuous graph to which new data are added, measuring the cumulative total of behavior over time.
A. Bar Graph
B. Line Graph
C. Cumulative Recorder
D. Scatter Plot
Definition
C, Cumulative Recorder
Term
A chart and measurement system that displays patterns related to behavior and specific setting variables. Illustrates the relative distribution of each measure in a client's data set. Features unconnected data points with different symbols representing specific times. Identifies time periods when the challenging behavior occurs .
A. Bar Graph
B. Line Graph
C. Cumulative Recorder
D. Scatter Plot
Definition
D. Scatter Plot
Term
): Time passage and the presence, absence, or value of the independent variable.
A. X AXIS
B. Y axis
C.Abscissa
D. Both A and C
Definition
D. Both A and C
Term
The full range of values of the dependent variable/the quantifiable aspect of the target behavior.
A. Y-AXIS
B. Ordinate
C.X axis
D. Both A and B
Definition
D. Both A and B
Term
A level line that represents the middle value of the successive data points in a specific condition.
USE FOR: When there are extreme outliers in the data
A. Median
B. Mean
C. Trend
D Variability
Definition
A. Median
Term
: A level line that represents the average value of the successive data points in a specific condition.
Use For: Moderate Variability Graphs
A. Median
B. Mean
C. Trend
D Variability
Definition
B Mean
Term
Which of the following does a percentage not have?
A. Dimensional Qualities
B. The ability to show a ratio
C. Validity'
D. To be of use in the field of ABA.
Definition
A. Dimensional Qualities
pThe ercentage is derived from a ratio, so it has no dimensional qualities.
Term
Which is the best operational definition of shoplifting?

A.Removing items from the shelf and placing them in one’s pockets or bag without paying for them.

B.. Products are taken without permission.
C An intent to illegally remove items from a store without making payment.
D. Taking items from the store without paying for them.
Definition
Correct: D. You want to look for objectively measurable behavior. Cooper talks about objective, clear, and complete behavioral definitions. This definition is objective (or doesn’t contain subjective measures, at least), it is clear about what the behavior results in (function-based), and is complete enough to exclude behaviors such as putting purchased items into a bag or pocket and then paying for them before leaving the store. This example has the added benefit of being “concise,” as well.

Incorrect: Someone may put items in a pocket or purse, but then pay for them before leaving. The given definition isn’t complete enough to exclude this behavior. <> “Taken” products are not clearly defined. We can’t consistently “picture” this. <> We need to measure behavior rather than non-objective measures such as someone’s “intent.”

C.1. Create operational definitions of behavior.
Term
Every time Amanda picks up her pencil within the hour-long class period, the behavior therapist records this as one response. Which measure of occurrence is being recorded?
A.continuous
B. Count
C. Partial Interval Recording
D. Rate
Definition
B. Count Every time Amanda picks up her pencil, the therapist is recording the count. This is the same as a frequency.

Incorrect: “Continuous” refers to the way you observe. It measures every response that occurs while you watch. While this may be true in the scenario, it is not the BEST answer. <> Partial interval recording would look similar, but only one response would be recorded within an interval, rather than all responses. <> A rate might be calculated by taking the count and dividing by the time period, but this isn’t being done (yet?). If Amanda picked up her pencil 15 times, an example of her rate would be 15 per hour or .25 per minute. (Cooper,2020,p.76).

C.3. Measure occurrence.
Term
Which answer is a continuous measurement?
A. Checking that your kids turn out their lights at 9 pm
B. You ask the TSA, “How many travelers brought weapons through security last month?” and they show you 157 weapons seized.
C. Measuring whether you made coffee during your break or not
D. Measuring the intervals between mowing your lawn
Definition
D. Measuring the intervals between mowing your lawn. Measuring these intervals sounds like IRT. Regardless, this is measuring all of the times between lawn care, and that’s continuous.

Incorrect: Checking at the end of a 24-hour interval to see if a behavior is occurring is an example of momentary time sampling. <> Your question to the TSA was about observable behavior, but what they gave you was a permanent product. It’s very likely that some people “brought weapons” that were not confiscated. <> When you hear “did it or not,” you should think “trial” or “partial interval.” That’s what this is. You aren’t continuously measuring, because you could have made coffee several times, and those would not have been counted.

C.5. Distinguish between continuous and discontinuous measurement procedures.
Term
John was driving to work and was curious whether he had enough gas to get there. The gas gauge read half a tank left, which was more than enough to get to work. What evaluation can be made about the gas gauge measure of gas in the gas tank?
A. It's a true measure
B. It's a valid measure
C. It's a reliable measure
D. It's an accurate measure
Definition
Correct: B. Reliable. As Cooper defines it, validity is a measure that is “directly relevant” to what we are attempting to measure. Here, it’s important to know that John is checking the gas gauge, BECAUSE he wants to know if he can make it to work or not. The gauge is a valid indicator that helps John solve his problem.

Incorect “True” sounds correct and is a way of saying “accurate.” This is not the best answer available, though. <> A reliable measure is a way of checking a measurement through repeating the procedure (Cooper,2020,p.102). In this example, there are no repeated measures, making this option incorrect. For example, we could take an empty tank and fill it with 10 gallons and check the gauge. Then, we’d empty the tank and do this again to determine the reliability of the gauge. <> If we knew that the tank had 5 gallons of gas and the gauge said precisely that, the gauge would be an accurate representation of reality. We aren’t told how “true” the gauge is.

C.8. Evaluate the validity and reliability of measurement procedures.
Term
The coach of the baseball team wants everyone on the team to be in their position, with knees bent and hands out in front of them, when the pitcher is pitching. She also watches home plate to double-check the umpire’s calls. What is the best measurement for the coach to use in determining player readiness?
A. Partial interval
B. Whole interval
C. Momentary time sampling
D. Duration
Definition
C. Momentary time sampling
Correct: The coach can use MTS for groups, also called a planned activity check, to see that all her players are ready at the moment of the pitch.

Incorrect: A partial interval would record whether a player or players were ready at any time during the interval-of-interest. Instead, the coach wants her players to be ready at a specific moment. <> The whole interval would record whether a player or players were ready for an entire interval. If the coach used a 5-second interval, this might work. However, the coach isn’t really interested in whether players are set for a certain amount of time. She just wants them set at the moment that they need to be ready. <> Duration would measure how long players were in a “ready” stance. This isn’t what the coach is interested in (Mayer,2019,130-136).

C.9. Select a measurement procedure to obtain representative data that accounts for the critical dimension of the behavior and environmental constraints.
Term
You’ve developed a DRO intervention in which Vazha will refrain from hitting or shoving for 10-minute intervals, but you want to know if his teacher is resetting the 10-minute timer when Vazha hits or shoves. How can you best find out?
A. Create an EO for behavioral occurrence during your random observations.
B. Have the teacher keep a log of behavioral occurrences and reinforcement offered.
C.Conduct 5-minute observations at the end of each period, to measure fidelity.
D.Review the log of behavioral occurrences each week, to determine whether the rate has decreased or not
Definition
Correct: What you want to know is when the behavior occurs, and whether the 10-minute timer is reset. You probably need to see this in action to evaluate it. Recording the class is probably better, to avoid reactivity to your presence, but that’s not an option. Therefore, try to get the behavior to occur when you are there, in order to observe how the teacher is handling it, including resetting the timer.

Incorrect: The teacher’s log is an indirect measure, as they will have to report what they did (or didn’t do). It’s also a bit onerous for the teacher to take too much data. <> Observing directly makes sense, but why just 5 minutes at the end of a period? <> Whether the behavior has changed or not isn’t what we are trying to find out. Instead, we want to know if - when the behavior happens - the teacher is implementing the plan correctly.

C.12. Select a measurement procedure to obtain representative procedural integrity data that accounts for relevant dimensions (e.g., accuracy, dosage) and environmental constraints.
Term
Susan was working over the summer at a mountain resort where she ran a snack shack. At the end of the week, Susan’s manager asked her how many nacho boats (the little paper holders full of nachos) she sold in an hour and a half on Friday, 30 minutes on Saturday, and 3 hours on Sunday. What measure of behavior would best answer the manager’s question?
A. Susan’s rate of nacho boats sold per hour
B.Susan’s rate of nacho boats sold per half-hour
C.The count of nacho boats sold over the weekend
D. The count of leftover nacho boats
Definition
A. Susan's rate of nacho boats sold per hour: The rate of nacho boats sold per hour could be easily multiplied by 5 to know how many nacho boats Susan sold. This is the only answer that really works, although it has the bonus of giving us an idea of the speed of sales over time.

Incorrect: A half-hour is not a standard measurement of time; it is a common unit of time, such as a minute, hour, week, or even shift (if that’s a consistent time period). It could be done, but it isn’t typical. <> The count of nacho boats sold over the entire weekend will give some information. The problem with this is that others may be selling nachos, as well. We just want to know Susan’s sales. <> The count of leftover nacho boats is a permanent product; if we knew how many we started with. However, this answer suffers the same fate as counting over the weekend in that we are only interested in Susan’s sales. ( Cooper, 2020,p 76).

C.3. Measure occurrence.
Term
Scott works at a coffee shop. He can complete an order in one minute - 5 seconds to get started and 55 seconds to finish, on average. When Scott is making 2 or more drinks, he starts the next drink in the cue 10 seconds after the first drink is completed. Scott’s manager checks his progress and notes 5 completed drinks at the counter for 5 different customers. What measurement procedure is most suitable to accurately measure the amount of time it takes Scott to make a latte?
A. Rate
B. Latency
C. Permanent Product
D. IRT
Definition
B. Latency Here, the rate of production for Scott is one order per minute. Note that this includes the 5-second latency and the duration of making a drink. Duration might be another good answer, but it isn’t a choice.

Incorrect: Latency is the amount of time from when the SD is given to the beginning of a behavior. Here it’s 5 seconds. This wouldn’t tell us how long it takes Scott to make a drink, though. <> IRT is the time between two responses of the same response class. This seems to be 10 seconds in this case. If we were able to reduce this to zero, Scott might make more drinks per hour, but this wouldn’t affect how quickly he makes them. <> The manager’s observation of 5 completed drinks appears to be a permanent product, but this says nothing about how quickly they were made. (Cooper,2020, p.78-81)

C.4. Measure temporal dimensions of behavior (e.g., duration, latency, interresponse time).
Term
Kevin is a champion swimmer for his high school team. He can complete 500 yards in 20 minutes after the starting gun is fired. He has maximized his strokes so that the time between each breath is, on average,e 15 seconds. Once Kevin is finished completing this event, he cools down for 2 minutes before he finally gets out of the pool. Kevin’s coach is measuring every aspect of Kevin’s swimming and training to make improvements. What’s likely the most important measure of overall success?
A. Rate
B. IRT
C. Duration
D. Latency
Definition
Correct: C. Duration is the best way to measure the amount of time it takes Kevin to swim 500 yards. This is the best measure, because it gives the length of time Kevin takes from the firing of the starting gun to the completion of the event. If duration goes down, Kevin wins more.

Incorrect: Rate would be the number of responses divided by time. For instance, how many lap per day or week. What we are interested in, instead, is the amount of time it takes to complete a set distance. <> IRT is used to measure the time between two successive events of the same response class. This would be applicable if the coach were more interested in time between breaths or strokes. <> The most relevant measure of latency here would probably be Kevin’s time to start after the signal to begin. (Cooper,2020,p.76-80)

C.4. Measure temporal dimensions of behavior (e.g., duration, latency, interresponse time).
Term
Priya is observing staff's use of verbal praise in a research setting. She decides to use whole-interval recording with 30-second intervals. She is measuring staff verbal praise statements like "Good job, Joe" or "I like the way you're doing that." Priya's assessment is likely to be
A. an underestimate
B. an accurate estimate
c. an overestimate
d. Believable
Definition
Correct: a.Underestimaate Whole interval recording is likely to underestimate the actual occurrence of behavior in general. In this specific instance, the target behavior usually lasts less than the "whole" interval and, therefore, would not be counted as occurring. Whole interval recording is best used for responses of longer duration and/or continuous behaviors.

Incorrect: While whole interval tends to underestimate, partial interval tends to overestimate and momentary time sampling tends to be in between the other two. <> Since Priya is using the wrong method, her results are not going to be believable.

C.6. Design and apply discontinuous measurement procedures (e.g., interval recording, time sampling).
Term
Which temporal measurement would you utilize if you were interested in identifying the average duration of time a client does not engage in a problem behavior?
A.Rate
B. Latency
C. Interresponse time
#20
Definition
C. Interresponse time
Term
Katherine is collecting baseline data on a client's continuous vocalizations during different periods of academic instruction and observing each event in its totality. Which measurement would give the most meaningful picture of this behavior?
A. Percentage of Opportunity
D.Interval Recording
#43
Definition
D. Interval Recording
Term
Zaiah is working with a client who spontaneously breaks into song throughout his therapy session. Izaiah’s supervisor has asked Izaiah to get some baseline occurrence data across two weeks of sessions. He lets Izaiah know that he's not interested in how long the behavior lasts, just how often it occurs. Izaiah works with the client four days a week, and sessions vary in length from two to four hours. In addition, Izaiah works with the client at school three days a week for six hours per day. What would be the best measurement for this assignment?
C. Rate
B. Frequency
#49
Definition
B. Frequency
Term
Jennifer leaves her workspace approximately 10 times a day. A full session DRL has been put into place to help decrease this behavior. The goal is that leaving the workspace will occur no more than five times per day. What would be the best measurement to track progress?
B. Frequency
D. Interresponse time
#53
Definition
B. Frequency
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