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BBS Exam
Prep for BBS written exam
635
Psychology
Graduate
07/07/2009
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Term
A sex therapist recommends the use of graduated dilators, uses individual psychotherapy, and teaches communication skills in treating a sexually dysfunctional couple.
 Definition
vaginismus
Term
"I want to go now." In TA, what ego state is this?
 Definition
Adult
Term
"Late onset" alcoholism is difficult to diagnose because:
 Definition
1. Fewer physical consequences
2. Fewer lifestyle disruptions
Term
"anaclitic depression"
 Definition
1. Spitz (1945) identified "anaclitic depression" as a phenomenon which occurs in institutionalized infants, between the ages of six to eighteen months; i.e., it results when a good relationship between a mother and an infant is interrupted.
2. It is characterized by listlessness, crying, and withdrawal.
3. Spitz found that maternal-infant separation occurring before the age of six months did not result in anaclitic depression.
4. Other studies have indicated that the critical period during which the infant is most vulnerable to this syndrome is between the ages of six to eighteen months.
5. Thus, it can be said that anaclitic depression occurs in infants aged six months or over.
Term
"interpersonal"
 Definition
Humanistic Existential theory.
Term
"non-directive" translates
 Definition
Person Centered or Rogerian Therapy
Term
"primary impotence"
 Definition
1. According to Masters and Johnson, Males with primary impotence have never been able to sustain an erection sufficient for intromission
Term
"sparkling events" or unique outcomes
 Definition
Narrative
Term
3 dysfunctional communication styles according to Satir
 Definition
placating
blaming
distracting
Term
3 key aspects to Circular Questioning
 Definition
1. Circularity
2. Neutrality
3. Hypothesizing
(Strategic)
Term
3 key person centered terms
 Definition
1. unconditional positive regard
2. empathy
3. genuineness
Term
3 main models of Strategic Therapy
 Definition
1. MRI (Mental Research Institute)
2. The Haley and Cloe Madanes Strategic approach
3. The Milan Model
Term
3 ways to join
 Definition
1. Joining from a distant position
2. Joining from a median position (tracking)
3. Joining from a close position (mimesis)
Term
4 main boundary disturbances in Gestalt
 Definition
1. Introjection
2. Projection
3. Retroflection
4. Confluence
Term
A 16-year old boy comes to see you. His mother died 5 years ago. He is experiencing problems in school, reports irritability, as well as having difficulty concentrating. Your provisional diagnosis is:
 Definition
1. Mood disorder
2. Dysthymia, early onset
Term
A Freudian term that refers to the investment (concentration) of psychic energy (e.g., libido) in an object, idea, etc.
 Definition
Cathexis
Term
A battered wife may finally be motivated to seek help when:
 Definition
her husband physically abuses the children for the first time
Term
A child with ADHD is likely to have a(n) _________ IQ.
 Definition
below average
Term
A coalition in which the tensions between two members -- usually the parents -- are masked by focusing on a 3rd member.
 Definition
Detouring Coalition (Bowen)
Term
A cognitive restructuring technique that involves identifying and replacing a client's maladaptive cognitions with more adaptive ones
 Definition
Self-Instructional Training
Term
A mental representation of a person
 Definition
Object Introject
Term
A minor may become emancipated if
 Definition
1. Marries legally
2. Enlists in the military
3. Files an emancipation petition with the courts stating that he or she is at least 14 years of age, is willingly living separate and apart from parents or guardians with their consent or acquiescence, is managing his or her own financial affairs and is not deriving illegal income.
Term
A person who argues that "all psychopathology has a similar set of underlying dysfunctional cognitions" is most likely sympathetic with the views of:
 Definition
Ellis
Term
A primary distinction between Freud and those psychologists who are collectively identified as "neo-Freudians" (e.g., Fromm, Horney, and Sullivan) is that the latter
 Definition
placed greater emphasis on the ego functions and the impact of social influences
Term
A set of contradictory or logically inconsistent communications from the same person along with an injunction that the receiver of the communication must not comment on their inconsistency
 Definition
Double-Bind Concept
Term
Accommodation
 Definition
Structural
Term
According to Bowen, a sign that the therapist is emotionally entangled in a couple's problems is
 Definition
the therapist has become more focused on the content of a couple's discussion rather than on the process of their interaction.
Term
According to Hollis, crisis intervention techniques may be classified in terms of four types:
 Definition
1. direct influence
2. sustainment
3. dynamic and developmental understanding
4. person-situation reflection
Term
According to Jackson, complementary communications are
 Definition
unequal communications
Term
According to Jackson, complementary communications are:
 Definition
unequal communications
Term
According to Jay Haley, a "symptom" is
 Definition
any extreme behavior that the client describes as being out of his/her control
Term
According to Jay Haley, the elements of communication are:
 Definition
1. self (I)
2. content (am saying something)
3. other (to you)
4. context (in this situation)
Term
According to Minuchin, extremely emeshed and extremely disengaged families(especially poor, disadvantaged) are both associated with
 Definition
delinquent children
Term
According to Welfare and Institutions Code 15630, mandated reporters of elder abuse must
 Definition
report physical abuse "immediately or as soon as possible by telephone, and shall prepare and send a written report thereof within two working days."
Term
According to psychoanalytic theory, defense mechanisms may serve which of the following functions:
 Definition
1. Keeping from consciousness the real meaning behind thoughts and actions
2. Serve to protect the ego from conscious awareness of unacceptable id impulses (which if expressed would lead to guilt, or punishment by the superego).
Term
Acting as if
 Definition
Adlerian
Term
Adolescents who have a history of repeated suicide attempts
 Definition
the real purpose is to exert power in situations in which they feel powerless
Term
Age range for reporting sexual and romantic relationships.
 Definition
Because the young woman is under 16 and the boyfriend is over 21, we must report sexual abuse according to the law.
Term
Age range for reporting sexual and romantic relationships.
 Definition
Because the young woman is under 16 and the boyfriend is over 21, we must report sexual abuse according to the law.
Term
Agoraphobia
 Definition
characterized by a fear of being in a place or situation where escape might not be possible or help might not be available in the event the person develops an embarrassing or debilitating symptom.
Term
Agoraphobia
 Definition
1. fear of being in public places alone or a fear of open spaces.
2. fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available.
Term
Aha!
 Definition
Gestallt
Term
Alfred Adler
 Definition
1. Individual therapy
2. Work in the community with families.
3. Prevention rather than cure
4. Emphasized educating parents in childrearing.
Term
Alliances
 Definition
Structural
Term
Among hospitalized elderly psychiatric patients, ___________ is the most common disorder:
 Definition
Dementia
Term
Among hospitalized elderly psychiatric patients, ___________ is the most common disorder:
 Definition
Dementia
Term
An important distinction between Beck and Ellis is that
 Definition
1) Beck views each mental disorder as being characterized by a unique set of faulty cognitions.
2) Ellis assumes that all disorders derived from the same set of irrational thoughts.
Term
An individual can simply observe another person (a model) perform a behavior and, without reinforcement, subsequently display that behavior.
 Definition
Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Term
An insurance company is conducting a case review and requests that you provide information about one of your current clients whose fee is being paid by the company. You should:
 Definition
1) Ensure that steps will be taken to safeguard the client's confidentiality,
2) Client must have previously signed a general waiver for the release of information to the insurance company
Term
An undifferentiated ego mass is
 Definition
1. the fused cluster of the egos of individual family members with a common ego boundary.
2. Success would be differentiation of self.
Term
An undifferentiated ego mass transformed appropriately is:
 Definition
pseudo-self
Term
An undifferentiated family ego mass results from
 Definition
triangles within a family system
Term
An unequal relationship that emphasizes the differences
 Definition
Complementary (strategic)
Term
Anal Phase
 Definition
1. 18-36 months
2. Anal retentive
3. Anal repulsive
4. Toilet training
Term
Anorexia Nervosa
 Definition
Individuals with this disorder are likely to be young women from middle-class homes, and mothers of individuals with anorexia tend to be overly concerned about their weight.
Term
Anorexia Nervosa
 Definition
1. Lost a great deal of weight recently. Anorexia becomes readily visible once a person drops way below a normal weight.
2. Vomiting
3. Refusal to maintain body weight over a minimal normal weight for age and height
4. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight.
Term
Antisocial Personality Disorder does not include
 Definition
preoccupation with violence
Term
Anxiety
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Are abusive husbands less assertive than their wives?
 Definition
Could be
Term
Are abusive husbands likely to suffer from extreme pathology?
 Definition
Not really
Term
Are girls or boys affected more by divorce?
 Definition
boys
Term
As a man gets older, affects on his sexual response cycle?
 Definition
1. refractory period begins to increase 2. resolution phase decreases
Term
Assign homework tasks that are designed to alter dysfunctional behaviors and subjective experiences
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Associated with first stage of crisis intervention
 Definition
Identifying the precipitating factor
Term
Assuming Responsibility
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Assuming responsibility
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Avoid judgments of what is normal and not normal
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Avoidance
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Avoiding the tar baby
 Definition
Adlerian
Term
Awareness and immediate experience
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Bandura
 Definition
Social Learning theory
Term
Bandura concluded that observational learning involves four processes:
 Definition
1) attention
2) retention
3) reproduction
4) motivation
Term
Bandura concluded that observational learning involves four processes:
 Definition
1. attention
2. retention
3. reproduction
4. motivation
Term
Bandura social learning is associated with
 Definition
Behaviorism
Term
Battering husbands
 Definition
1. Feel inadequate in relation to their wives and that this may contribute to their behavior.
2. While alcohol is linked in the literature to 40-95% of wife abuse cases, it is not necessarily the "trigger."
Term
Behavior Therapies based on Classical Conditioning
 Definition
1. Systematic Desensitization
2. Assertiveness Training
3. Behavioral Sex Therapy
4. In Vivo Aversion
5. Covert Sensitization
6. Flooding
7. Implosive Therapy
Term
Behavior Therapies based on Operant Conditioning
 Definition
1. Reinforcement
a. Shaping
b. Premack Principle
c. Differential Reinforcement for Alternative Behaviors
2. Punishment
a. Overcorrection
b. Response Cost
c. Time out from Reinforcement
3. Extinction
4. Contingency Contracts and Token economies
Term
Being with a family over techniques
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy
Term
Best diagnostic test with a child
 Definition
Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test
Term
Best prognosis for schizophrenia is
 Definition
1. Sudden onset--i.e., when the schizophrenia is reactive.
2. Adequate premorbid social functioning
3. The absence of a premorbid personality disorder
4. An onset precipitated by an external stressor
5. Onset in midlife.
6. The availability of adequate aftercare in the community
7. Family attitude
Term
Binocular vision
 Definition
Solution focused
Term
Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Depressed
 Definition
Requires both depressive and either manic or mixed episodes
Term
Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Manic
 Definition
History of one or more manic episodes only
Term
Birth Order
 Definition
Adlerian
Term
Boundaries
 Definition
Structural
Term
Boundary Making
 Definition
Structural
Term
Bowen
 Definition
1. Don't join the family
2. Avoid emotional entanglements and transference
3. Therapist's main function as that of "coach"
4. He asks his patients to detach from their family's emotional system
5. Believes therapy is more effective if therapists remain emotionally "neutral."
Term
Breaching confidentiality (due to threat)
 Definition
Legal
Term
Bulimia Nervosa
 Definition
1. A person consumes a large amount of food to numb their feelings.
2. They purge via vomiting, excessive exercising, and the use of laxatives or diuretics.
Term
Can MFT's administer psychological tests?
 Definition
Yes, with adequate training and experience AND that he or she is using the tests to assess and or treat relationship problems
Term
Can lead to psychotic symptoms.
 Definition
Amphetamine use
Term
Can non-custodial parents access information regarding a minor's treatment?
 Definition
Yes
Term
Can non-custodial parents give consent to treatment
 Definition
No, but they can access info
Term
Can therapists deny parents access to files if it would result in a detrimental effect on the provider's professional relationship with a minor?
 Definition
Yes
Term
Can you make a child abuse report to an agency outside California?
 Definition
No
Term
Carl Roger's three conditions.
 Definition
genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.
Term
Carl Whitaker
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy
Term
Cattell's 16PF
 Definition
Cattell's 16PF is also a structured personality test.
Term
Centripetal
 Definition
1. Often, young women who suffer from anorexia come from centripetal families.
2. Centripetal families are those which tend to hang on to children and emphasize "togetherness." Separation in such families is difficult.
Term
Characteristics that someone may sexually abuse his child
 Definition
social isolation and substance abuse
Term
Circular casuality
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Circular patterns
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Circular questions
 Definition
Milan systemic family therapist
Term
Circulation questions
 Definition
Narrative therapy
Term
Classic symptoms of depression
 Definition
1. loss of appetite (or overeating suddenly)
2. sleep problems (insomnia or hypersomnia)
3. loss of energy and enthusiasm
Term
Client imagines (rather than actually confront) an aversive condition while simultaneously imagining that he is engaging in the malaadaptive behavior
 Definition
Covert Sensitization
Term
Client's right to inspect files.
 Definition
Within 5 working days. Editing is always unethical.
Term
Clients are discouraged from asking questions, especially questions beginning with "why," because questions are viewed as a method for keeping the focus of therapy off oneself and/or as a method for avoiding what one is really thinking.
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Clifford Sager's three level marital contract
 Definition
(1) The first level, conscious verbalized, is what each mate tells the other clearly and directly about his/ her expectations.
(2) Level two, conscious but not verbalized, includes the expectations, beliefs, fantasies, etc., of each partner which are not verbalized because fear or shame is connected with their disclosure.
(3) The third level is beyond awareness and includes desires and needs which are unconscious and unverbalized. Desires and needs at this level are often contradictory, unrealistic and impossible to fulfill.
Term
Coach
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Coach or surrogate godparent
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy
Term
Coaching and "I" position
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Coalitions
 Definition
Structural
Term
Cognitive Triad
 Definition
Negative view of oneself, the world, and the future
Term
Cognitive constructs
 Definition
Structural
Term
Cognitive events act as intervening variables in the acquisition of a new behavior in what theory?
 Definition
Bandura's social learning theory
Term
Common sense solutions rarely work. What theory does this come from?
 Definition
Strategic Family Therapy
Term
Communications theory is related to:
 Definition
Strategic Family Therapy
Term
Complementary process of accommodation and assimilation.
 Definition
adaptation
Term
Completed suicide among adolescents is associated with
 Definition
chronic family difficulties
Term
Confidentiality
 Definition
Ethical
Term
Congruent communication (levlers)
 Definition
Satir (functional)
Term
Conjoint Family Therapy
 Definition
Satir
Term
Conjoint therapy
 Definition
1. whole family
2. marital partners
3. parent and child together
Term
Conservation
 Definition
ability to understand that certain physical properties (e.g., mass, volume) don't change despite changes in physical appearance.
Term
Countertransference typically results from three sources.
 Definition
1. The therapist's unresolved personal problems
2.Situational pressures
3. Responses to communications by the client about his/her feelings.
Term
Couples versus individual therapy
 Definition
1. The transferences in couples therapy occur between the partners; ideally, the therapist will remain uninvolved except as an interpreter.
2. More direction is called for in couples therapy.
3. In both couples and individual therapy, the therapist needs to establish clear goals with the client(s).
4. In terms of "d," two people have rights and privileges that must be protected; although they come for therapy together, their interests may later diverge, causing ethical and legal complications for the therapist that would not occur in individual therapy.
Term
Create family turmoil and then coach them through the chaos
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy
Term
Creating with the family a context in which change can occur through a process of reorganization and reintegration
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy
Term
Creatively misunderstanding
 Definition
Solution focused
Term
Crisis Intervention versus longer forms of therapy
 Definition
Important to let them vent their feelings
Term
Cyclothymia duration
 Definition
At least two years' duration (one year for children and adolescents)
Term
Danger to self, others, property
 Definition
Permits but does not mandate
Term
De-emphasizes insight
 Definition
Minuchin
Term
Deconstructing the dominant cultural discourses
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Deconstruction
 Definition
Narrative Therapy
Term
Defense mechanism definition
 Definition
Protect the ego from conscious awareness of unacceptable id impulses (which if expressed would lead to guilt, or punishment by the superego).
Term
Delirium
 Definition
1. Reduced clarity in awareness of the environment
2. A disturbance of consciousness
3. Reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift action
Term
Delusions, hallucinations, incoherence and or grossly disorganized behaviors and is diagnosed when the individual's symptoms do not met the criteria for one or more specific types of Schizophrenia.
 Definition
Schizophrenia, undifferentiated type
Term
Denial
 Definition
– Similar to repression but more pre-conscious and conscious; AWARE
Term
Dependent Adult
 Definition
The W.I.C. 15610 defines a "dependent adult" as "any person...between the ages of 18 and 64, who has physical or mental limitations which restrict his or her ability to carry out normal activities or to protect his or her rights including, but not limited to, persons who have physical or developmental disabilities or whose physical or mental abilities have diminished because of age."
Term
Depersonalization Disorder
 Definition
Persistently feeling detached from and as if one is an outside observer of one's mental process or body. (like in a dream)
Term
Diagnosis without parental consent?
 Definition
Major Depressive Disorder
Term
Dichotomy
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Different-ness
 Definition
Satir
Term
Digital communication
 Definition
Overt and literal
Term
Directed awareness
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Directives
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Disengaged
 Definition
An individual can be described as disengaged when he is not involved in many of the family system's day-to-day interactions. Similarly, an individual's disengagement may be a part of a family's regular interactional sequences. This is a term typically associated with structural family therapy.
Term
Displacement
 Definition
process of discharging stress onto a less threatening subject
Term
Dissociative Amnesia
 Definition
Psychologically induced amnesia. A frequent defensive response to abuse and trauma
Term
Dissociative Amnesia most commonly involves
 Definition
retrospective gaps in memory
Term
Dissociative Fugue
 Definition
Sudden, unexpected travel away from home or work without recalling one's past.
Term
Dissociative Identity Disorder
 Definition
Multiple Personality Disorder
Term
Dissociative disorders
 Definition
involve various patterns of psychologically induced amnesia, the most severe of which is dissociative identity disorder, or multiple personality disorder.
Term
Do individuals with schizophrenia have a better or worst prognosis if the onset is sudden?
 Definition
Better
Term
Do you need authorization from both in couples counseling?
 Definition
Yes
Term
Does Evidence Code 1027 permit a therapist to breech a minor client's confidence if the minor (under age 16) is the victim of a crime (stalking is a civil code violation) and the therapist believes that the disclosure would be in the minor's best interest.
 Definition
Yes
Term
Does Tarasoff apply when someone besides the client is the dangerous party?
 Definition
No
Term
Does the Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act cite stalking as a reportable offense?
 Definition
No
Term
Doesn't believe in resistance
 Definition
Solution-Focused
Term
Don't label people
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Double-Bind
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Dr. Adler stressed
 Definition
prevention rather than cure and, therefore, emphasized educating parents in childrearing.
Term
Dual relationships
 Definition
ethical
Term
Dysfunctional spouse
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Each person agrees or disagrees as he sees fit; everyone is included and no one ignores his or her own needs
 Definition
Growth Games
Term
Effects of adults sexually abused as children
 Definition
1. Eating disorder
2. Sleeping disorder
3. PTSD
4. Withdrawn and fear intimacy
Term
Effects of trauma on a latency age child
 Definition
1. Feelings of inferiority and inadequacy
2. Fear of failure
3. Lack of initiative and enthusiasm
4. Disturbed sleep, or nightmares
5. Play would be abnormal
6. More guarded
7. Lacking in enthusiasm
8. Fearful of losing
9. Likely to avoid any form of attachment for fear that they may lose the person
10. Conversely, they may become overly attached to certain people.
Term
Ego
 Definition
Develops around 6 month. Reality principle.
Term
Ego Analyst
 Definition
would interpret client's pleasing behavior as a repetitive childhood pattern expected to elicit whatever response she received from the caregivers of her childhood.
Term
Ego-DYSTONIC homosexuality
 Definition
refers to negative feelings about one's homosexual arousal.
Term
Ego-DYSTONIC homosexuality
 Definition
negative feelings about one's homosexual arousal.
Term
Elder abuse -- make report generally to
 Definition
Adult Protective Agency, Local law enforcement agency
Term
Elder abuse in a long term care facility -- report to
 Definition
the local ombudsman or local law enforcement agency
Term
Elder abuse in a state mental health hospital or state development center -- report to?
 Definition
Designated investigators of the State Department of Mental Health or the State Department of Developmental Services or the local law enforcement agency
Term
Emotional cutoff
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Enactment
 Definition
Structural
Term
Enactment
 Definition
Structural
Term
Engagment, involvement, disentanglement
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy
Term
Enmeshed
 Definition
1. Diffuse psychological boundaries between subsystems and between individuals.
2. Results in a loss of autonomy
3. Characterized by a high degree of resonance or reactivity between individuals.
Term
Equifinality (General Systems Theory)
 Definition
1. No matter where one enters the system, the patterning will be the same.
2. Different causes can produce the same results.
3. A therapist should focus on patterns and processes when working with a family, rather than on individual topics.
Term
Erectile dysfunction can be controlled best by
 Definition
sensate focus
Term
Everyone follows the rules of the placator at the expense of their own needs
 Definition
Lethal Games
Term
Exaggeration
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Example of splitting
 Definition
A client praises you in one session and then is highly critical the next.
Term
Exception questions
 Definition
Solution focused
Term
Existential-humanistic theory
 Definition
1. client-centered approach
2. empathy
3. congruence
4. the ideas of freedom
5. responsibility and choice
6. we are all individuals, each with unique ways of relating in the world
Term
Exploration of Family of Origin
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Externalization
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Externalizing
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Facilitative rather than directive
 Definition
Milan systemic family therapist
Term
Familial caregiver other than parent
 Definition
Caregiver's Authorization Affidavit
Term
Family Games
 Definition
Satir
Term
Family Life Chronology
 Definition
Satir
Term
Family Mapping
 Definition
Structural
Term
Family ego mass
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Family equilibrium is achieved through distorted parental relationship.
 Definition
Marital skew
Term
Family projection process
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Family reconstruction
 Definition
Satir
Term
Family sculpt
 Definition
1. Satir 2. Physically symbolize emotional family relationships at a particular time 3. Sculpting depicts triangles, alliances, and conflicts and is thus illustrative of particular family situations as viewed by a family member.
Term
Family sculpture
 Definition
Satir
Term
Family therapy is not indicated when:
 Definition
a key family member is unable to attend
Term
Family therapy that doesn't emphasize feelings
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Feeling oriented family therapy
 Definition
Satir
Term
Fetishism
 Definition
sexual gratification is achieved through the use of nonliving objects
Term
First Order Change
 Definition
Structural
Term
First order changes
 Definition
are adaptations such as swapping one symptom for another symptom.
Term
First step in a new client who is an alcoholic
 Definition
Establishing a no drinking contract
Term
Flexibility
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Focus on the subjective needs of the individual in the family as they attempt to facilitate family interaction that will result in the individuality of each member
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy
Term
For Minuchin, "psychosomatic families" those in which asthma, diabetes, or anorexia threaten the life of one child -- are most likely to be characterized by
 Definition
weak boundaries between family members and limited opportunities for individual autonomy.
Term
For a child living with a parent who has a serious mental illness, the most favorable outcome for the child is associated with
 Definition
warm relationships with adults
Term
For a diagnosis of Substance Abuse:
 Definition
there must be evidence of clinically significant impairment or distress
Term
For a therapist working from the perspective of object relations theory, a patient is:
 Definition
"developmentally frozen"
Term
For adolescent substance abusers, best predictor
 Definition
Aggressiveness and shyness
Term
For an Adlerian, a child's misbehavior is most likely:
 Definition
a misguided attempt to belong
Term
Formal Operational
 Definition
1. the final stage of cognitive development
2. beginning at approximately age eleven.
3. characterized by an ability to think abstractly and engage in logical reasoning.
Term
Formula tasks
 Definition
Solution focused
Term
Four Basic Elements of Communication
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Freud's 5 stages
 Definition
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital
Term
From a family system's perspective, the fact that a child is racially different from his parents would _________________.
 Definition
intensify his status as the identified patient
Term
From a psychoanalytic perspective, mania can be viewed as
 Definition
a defense against underlying feelings of depression
Term
Fusion
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Game Analysis
 Definition
TA
Term
Games of Dialogue (enactment)
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
General principle regarding privilege
 Definition
the protective privilege ends where the public peril begins.
Term
Generally speaking, the psychological adjustment of children with chronic illness is most dependent on
 Definition
the client's level of functional disability
Term
Genital Phase
 Definition
1. Puberty and beyond
2. Sexual interests mature
3. Detachment from parents
Term
Gestalt Therapy
 Definition
1. Clients are discouraged from asking questions, especially questions beginning with "why," because questions are viewed as a method for keeping the focus of therapy off oneself and/or as a method for avoiding what one is really thinking.
2. Use of specific techniques or "games" that help the client achieve awareness.
3. Involves a view of the personality as a multilayered construct.
Term
Gestalt Therapy
 Definition
1. Fritz Perls
2. Unexpressed feelings such as guilt, resentment, and alienation are "unfinished business," which keep the individual from maintaining meaningful contact with him/ herself and with other people in the present.
3. The genuine personality is a level in the multilayered construct of the personality conceptualized by Perls.
4. The here-and-now is also associated with Gestalt therapy; in Gestalt therapy the client is encouraged to stay in the here-and-now by speaking in the present tense.
5. Skillful frustration is a Gestalt technique used to create situations which the client typically avoids. The goal of this technique is to provide the client with an opportunity to become aware that she/ he can cope with the situation.
6. Homeostasis is an important concept in Gestalt therapy: People are motivated by a struggle for balance and the achievement of balance is referred to as "organismic self-regulation."
Term
Gestalt Therapy
 Definition
1. Awareness
2. Homeostasis
Term
Gives up ALL categorizing
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Glasser
1. Four psychological needs
2. One physical need
 Definition
1. Belonging
2. Power
3. Freedom
4. Fun

--- 1. Survival
Term
Goal of member authenticity
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy
Term
Goal of self psychology
 Definition

1. Helping patients to develop a greater degree of self-cohesion.

2. Helping patients to make sense of their own subjective truth rather than the therapist's perception of reality.

3. Enabling patients to 'experience' rather than only 'acquire' knowledge of the self is necessary to the relief of their emotional suffering."
Term
Goal:
1. Promote the feeling dimension: spontaneity, creativity, the ability to play, and the willingness to be "crazy"
2. Facilitate individual autonomy and a sense of belonging in the family
3. It is experience, not education that changes families
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy
Term
Goal:
Help the client achieve congruence between self and experience so that he or she can become a more fully-functioning self-actualized person.
 Definition
Client Centered
Term
Goals:
1. Coauthor new stories
2. Separate the person from the problem and then unite the family to fight a common enemy
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Goals:
1. Concrete and small
2. Realistic and achievable
 Definition
Solution focused
Term
Goals:
1. Decrease unproductive conflict between individuals, including disputes about who is responsible for the problem.
2. Pave the way for individuals to cooperate with each other, to unite in a struggle against the problem, and to escape its influences on their lives and relationships.
3. Open new possibilities for individuals to take action so that they can reclaim their lives and relationships from the problems and its influences.
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Goals:
1. Restructure the Family's system of Transactional Rules.
2. Establish appropriate boundaries
3. Create an effective Hierarchical Structure
 Definition
Structural
Term
Goals:
Help a client achieve integration of the various aspects of the self in order to become a unified whole
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Goals:
Help clients make new decisions about their lives that reflect integration of the three ego states, an I'm ok, you're okay life position, and flexible, autonomous (scriptless) behavior
 Definition
TA
Term
Goals:
1. Reduce the level of anxiety and alleviate the symptoms
2. Raise each participants level of self-differentiation
 Definition
Bowen (Extended Family Systems, family of origin, or multigenerational therapy)
Term
Goals: 1. Raise self-esteem 2. Improve communication 3. Growth 4. Identify family roles and how they promote symptoms
 Definition
Satir
Term
Good treatment for a battered woman?
 Definition
Group therapy. Peer group.
Term
Greatest risk to confidentiality?
 Definition
A large family in therapy
Term
Growth
 Definition
Satir
Term
Having the woman engage in coitus while her partner stimulates her clitoris
 Definition
female bridge technique
Term
Help people deal with stressful events by increasing their coping skills.
 Definition
Stress inoculation
Term
Heterosexual sexual abusers usually engage in:
 Definition
fondling and petting
Term
Histrionic personality disorder
 Definition
1. constant seeking of approval and attention
2. overly reactive behaviors
3. exaggerated emotions
4. seductiveness
Term
Holons
 Definition
Structural
Term
How to bill insurance when a client is a no-show
 Definition
bill insurance using an unlisted procedure code
Term
How would one distinguish between an organic and a functional mental disorder?
 Definition
There is a known etiology for an organic mental disorder
Term
Human Validation Process Model
 Definition
Satir
Term
Humanistic Therapy
 Definition
Here and Now
Term
Hypothetical experience questions
 Definition
Narrative
Term
I value you
 Definition
Satir
Term
I want to go now! What TA state is this?
 Definition
Child
Term
Id
 Definition
Pleasure principle
Term
If a defendant claims insanity in a legal proceeding
 Definition
No privilege
Term
If it aint broke, don't fix it
 Definition
Solution focused
Term
If the abuse has occurred in a long-term care facility (except a state mental health hospital or a state developmental center) the report shall be made to
 Definition
the local ombudsman or the local law enforcement agency.
Term
If the suspected or alleged abuse occurred in a state mental health hospital or a state developmental center, the report must be made to
 Definition
designated investigators of the State Department of Mental Health or the State Department of Developmental Services or to the local law enforcement agency
Term
If you feel threatened, what could you do?
 Definition
File a restraining order.
Term
If you were a therapist trained in self-psychology, what would be your most valuable tool for helping a client feel a sense of well-being?
 Definition
empathy
Term
Imitation
 Definition
Bandura Social Learning
Term
Impasse
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Implosive therapy
 Definition
1. A behavioral technique used to eliminate anxiety (or other undesirable response) and involves instructing a client to imagine the anxiety-arousing stimulus. Since the stimulus is not accompanied by actual danger, the anxiety response is not reinforced and, therefore, is extinguished.
2. Uses extinction to eliminate an undesirable response.
3. Relies on psychoanalytic principles; i.e., scenes imagined by the client are analyzed in terms of symbols and conflicts associated with psychoanalytic theory.
Term
Impulses and symbols
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy
Term
In California, the grounds for dissolution of marriage are:
 Definition
irreconcilable differences and incurable insanity
Term
In cases of infantile autism, the most commonly associated impairment is
 Definition
mental retardation
Term
In dealing with childhood psychopathology, Adler emphasized:
 Definition
prevention through parent education
Term
In general, therapy with elderly individuals is more effective when
 Definition
it adopts a structured approach and a slower pace and the therapist assumes an active role
Term
In order for crisis intervention to be effective, the client must:
 Definition
acknowledge the presenting problem
Term
In order to make a diagnosis of separation anxiety, it is necessary to first:
 Definition
determine that the symptoms are not occurring during the course of a pervasive developmental disorder
Term
In order to make a diagnosis of separation anxiety, it is necessary to first:
 Definition
determine that the symptoms are not occurring during the course of a pervasive developmental disorder
Term
In order to make a diagnosis of separation anxiety, it is necessary to first:
 Definition
determine that the symptoms are not occurring during the course of a pervasive developmental disorder
Term
In psychoanalytic family therapy the most useful initial interpretation would be about:
 Definition
defensiveness
Term
In regards to premarital counseling for those under 18
 Definition
The court MAY require it
Term
In treating a client suffering from panic disorder, a therapist adopting Beck’s cognitive approach would initially:
 Definition
help the client see how he misinterprets the meaning of his symptoms
Term
Inclusion
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Incongruence
 Definition
Person Centered Therapy
Term
Individuals considered to be at high risk for the interaction of alcohol and various drugs are:
 Definition
elderly women
Term
Individuals considered to be at high risk for the interaction of alcohol and various drugs are:
 Definition
elderly women
Term
Integrated whole
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Involves a view of the personality as a multilayered construct.
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Is behavior mod just on narrow aspects of behavior or all behaviors?
 Definition
All
Term
Is court ordered therapy privileged?
 Definition
Yes
Term
Is emotional abuse reporting mandatory?
 Definition
No but it is permissable
Term
Is harm to a fetus reportable?
 Definition
Unborn children do not fall into the category of children needing protection under Penal Code 1165
Term
Is hypnosis allowed by MFT
 Definition
Yes
Term
Is legal emancipation a requirement for marriage in California when a person is under 18?
 Definition
No; but getting married automatically emancipates a minor.
Term
Is privilege an absolute right?
 Definition
No
Term
Is there privilege if the purpose of therapy was to help someone plan or commit a crime?
 Definition
No
Term
Is willful cruelty a mandated report?
 Definition
Yes
Term
Jay Haley, author of Strategies of Psychotherapy
 Definition
power and control
Term
Joining
 Definition
Structural
Term
Justify their choices and describe their motivation
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Kinetic Family Drawing
 Definition
Draw-a-Family, and House-Tree-Person are all examples of projective drawings used with children and adolescents. The first two tests just mentioned are the most useful in assessing family relationship dynamics.
Term
Kohlberg's 6 stages
 Definition
1. Obedience and punishment driven
2. Self interest driven
3. Conformity driven (good boy/ good girl)
4. Authority and social order obedience driven
5. Social contract driven
6. Universal ethical principles driven
Term
Labeling assets
 Definition
Satir
Term
Language game
 Definition
Solution focused
Term
Latency Phase
 Definition
1. 6 years to puberty
2. Schooling, hobbies and friends
3. If fixated, can create unfulfilled sexual fulfillment
Term
Least interested in multi-generational patterns
 Definition
Minuchin
Term
Length of bereavement
 Definition
2 months
Term
Lenore Walker's cycle of violence
 Definition
1. tension building
2. explosion
3. loving respite (a time when the batterer is loving and attempts to atone to his behavior).
Term
Leveling
 Definition
A functional Satir communication style
Term
Lewd and Lascivious reporting
 Definition
When a minor is 14 or 15 and the partner is 10 or more years older
Term
Life position
 Definition
TA
Term
Life script
 Definition
TA
Term
Lifestyle Investigation
 Definition
Adler
Term
Liked co-therapists
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy
Term
Look for times when client was resourceful
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Luigi Boscolo
 Definition
affiliated with the Milan systemic school of family therapy
Term
MMPI
 Definition
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is a structured (objective) personality test.
Term
Mahler's Stages of Self Development
 Definition
(Object Relations)
1. Normal Autism
2. Symbiotic phase
3. Differentiation
4. Integration
Term
Main purpose of case consultation
 Definition
obtain information, check their assessments, and to get help developing a treatment plan
Term
Maintaining confidentiality
 Definition
Ethical
Term
Mapping the influence
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Marital conflict
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Marital schism
 Definition
an overt structural situation (not a communication pattern) in which spouses frequently fight.
Term
Marital skew
 Definition
a dysfunctional marriage in which one partner dominates the other
Term
Marked incoherence, lack of systematized delusions, and blunted, silly, or inappropriate affect
 Definition
Schizophrenia, disorganized type
Term
Maturation
 Definition
Satir
Term
Maturation
 Definition
Satir
Term
Metacommunication
 Definition
1. According to Haley, communication involves the overt message plus a metacommunication.
2. The metacommunication is the implicit and often nonverbal message which comments on the intent of a verbal statement--it is, in effect, a message about a message.
3. The metamessage may support the primary message or, as illustrated by this sign, contradict it.
Term
Metacommunication (what theory)
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Metaphors
 Definition
Satir
Term
Mimesis
 Definition
Structural
Term
Mind, Soul, body triad
 Definition
Satir
Term
Minority clients and drop out rates?
 Definition
higher premature drop out rate, which seem to be attributable to negative attitudes toward the therapist and/ or a perception of therapy as non beneficial.
Term
Minuchin
 Definition
1. Works with relatively unsophisticated client populations who could not think abstractly enough to "state what their roles are."
Term
Miracle Question
 Definition
Solution-Focused Therapy
Term
Misperceptions that involve responding to a person as though he or she were a significant person from the past and which are due to arrest or persistence . . .
 Definition
Parataxic distortions
Term
Model analysis
 Definition
Satir
Term
Modeling
 Definition
Bandura
Term
Moderate range of mental retardation
 Definition
(IQ 35-49)
Term
Moderately retarded
 Definition
1. Approximately IQ 35-50.
2. Would benefit from self-care classes and vocational training
3. Not progress past the 2nd grade
4. Need supervision when working as an adult.
Term
More than one diagnosis on Axis I and/or II
 Definition
Dual Diagnosis
Term
Negative Reinforcement
 Definition
Behavior increases because something is taken away.
Term
Negative feedback
 Definition
feedback that keeps the family the same without change.
Term
No questions
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Nuclear family emotional system
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Observational Learning
 Definition
Bandura Social Learning
Term
One is the placator, one is the blamer, one is the distractor
 Definition
Rescue games
Term
One of the best delineated and empirically validated methods in the field of couples therapy.
 Definition
Emotionally-Focused Marital Therapy
Term
One or more systematized delusions and auditory hallucinations with one theme.
 Definition
Schizophrenia, paranoid type
Term
Operant Conditioning
 Definition
Behaviors are increased or decreased as the result of the consequences that follow them
Term
Oppositional defiant disorder
 Definition
at least 6 months in length
Term
Oral Phase
 Definition
1. 0-18 months
2. Fixation at this stage may result in passivity, gullibility, immaturity and manipulative personality
3. ID is dominant. Others not formed.
Term
Other name for Bowenian
 Definition
Extended Family Systems, family of origin, or multigenerational therapy
Term
Overadequate
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Panic Disorder
 Definition
1. Chest pains
2. Shortness of breath
3. Pounding heart
Term
Paradox
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Paradoxical intervention
 Definition
1. Employed by a family therapist in order to avoid a power struggle with clients.
2. Prescribing the symptom
3. Relabeling symptoms
4. Scheduling a relapse
5. Strategic approach
Term
Paradoxical techniques and ordeals
 Definition
1. Milton Erickson
2. Jay Haley
Term
Paraphilias
 Definition
1. non-normative sexual arousal or activity
2. Includes fetishism, frotteurism, pedophilia, sexual masochism, sexual sadism, transvestic fetishism, voyeurism, and paraphilia NOS.
3. It is NOT sexual urges involving non-living objects
Term
Paraprofessionals are particularly effective in
 Definition
crisis work and in administering structured treatments for specific disorders such as insomnia, assertiveness, and speech and test anxiety
Term
Parataxic distortions
 Definition
Sullivan (Neo-Freudians)
Term
Parental We-ness
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Parentification
 Definition
Psychodynamic Family Therapy (Contextual Family Therapy)
Term
Patient is under 16 and is a victim of a crime
 Definition
No privilege
Term
Pavlov dogs
 Definition
Classical Conditioning
Term
Perls' Gestalt theory sees the personality as "divided" into five layers:
 Definition
1. cliche
2. role-playing
3. impasse
4. implosive-explosive
5. genuine personality
Term
Perls' Gestalt theory sees the personality as "divided" into five layers:
 Definition
1. cliche
2. role-playing
3. impasse
4. implosive-explosive
5. genuine personality
Term
Persistent, nonbizare delusions with symptoms not interfering with daily functioning
 Definition
Delusional Disorder
Term
Personal experience is fundamentally ambiguous
 Definition
Narrative (multiple interpretations and understandings)
Term
Phalic Phase
 Definition
1. 3-4 years
2. Oedipus complex
3. Electra complex
Term
Phenomenological
 Definition
Individual's PERCEPTION of a situation, not just physical reality.
Term
Piaget's stages
 Definition
1. Sensorimotor
2. Pre-operational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal operational
Term
Place this in order of highest risk of suicide:

Isolation
Expressed desire to kill self
Previous suicide attempts
 Definition
Expressed desire to kill self
Isolation
Previous suicide attempts
Term
Points of view and different contexts
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Positioning strategies
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Positive Connotation
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Power
 Definition
Structural
Term
Power distribution
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Power struggles
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Pre-operational
 Definition
1. Tendency to attribute human characteristics to inanimate objects -- animism
2. Piaget
3. (ages 2-7)
4. egocentrism
5. centration
6. irreversibility
7. development of symbolic function
Term
Prescribe the symptom
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Prescribing strategies
 Definition
Strategic Theory
Term
Pretend techniques
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Primary Prevention
 Definition

1. Stopping mental health disorder BEFORE it happens.

2.Examples include immunization programs, WIC, Meals-on-Wheels, and public education programs on drug and alcohol abuse.
Term
Primary Triad
 Definition
Satir
Term
Primary curative factor being awareness
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Privilege
 Definition
Legal
Term
Progressive narrative, stability narrative, Digressive narrative
 Definition
Solution focused
Term
Projective identification
 Definition
has to do with attributing to another an introjected part of the self which is repressed or repudiated.
Term
Pseudo self is
 Definition
the part of the individual which varies according to the pressures of relationships.
Term
Pseudomutuality refers to
 Definition
a pretense of family harmony that conceals true conflict and discord.
Term
Psychoanalytic family therapists
 Definition
1. View family dysfunction as the result of intrapsychic conflicts within individual family members.
2. Primary goal in treatment is to modify the personality of individuals in the family so that family members can relate to one another on the basis of their current situation rather than on the basis of the past.
Term
Psychosexual dysfunctions are most often caused by:
 Definition
poor communication and/or a dysfunctional relationship
Term
Public education programs
 Definition
primary prevention
Term
RET
 Definition
Ellis
Term
RET
 Definition
Ellis
Term
Reaction Formation:
 Definition
Converting unconscious wishes or impulses that are perceived to be dangerous into their opposites; behavior that is completely the opposite of what one really wants or feels; taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety. This defence can work effectively for coping in the short term, but will eventually break down..
Term
Reality Therapy
 Definition
1. Fulfilling one's needs in a responsible way.
2. Behavior is motivated primarily by biological and psychological needs (e.g., needs for belongingness, power, and freedom).
3. The ability to fulfill one's needs in a way that doesn't deprive others of the ability to do the same (i.e., in a responsible way) is the goal of therapy.
Term
Reason Asian Americans under use mental health facilities
 Definition
embarrassment
Term
Record Keeping Requirement
 Definition
Legal
Term
Reflection is used to
 Definition
build trust
Term
Rehearsal
 Definition
Gestallt
Term
Relabeling and reframing
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Relational Ethics
 Definition
Psychodynamic Family Therapy (Contextual Family Therapy)
Term
Relationship experiments
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Relative influence
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Report? 12 year old with a 13 year old?
 Definition
No
Term
Report? 13 year old with a 14 year old?
 Definition
Yes
Term
Report? 14 year old with a 13 year old?
 Definition
Yes
Term
Report? 14 year old with a 20 year old?
 Definition
No
Term
Report? 14 year old with a 21 year old?
 Definition
Yes
Term
Report? 16 year old with a 22 year old?
 Definition
No
Term
Repositioning
 Definition
Strategic Theory
Term
Repression
 Definition
expelling disturbing thoughts from conscious awareness.
Term
Repression
 Definition
– expelling disturbing thoughts from conscious awareness. NOT AWARE
Term
Research indicates that _______ of traffic deaths involving young drivers are alcohol-related.
 Definition
45%-60%
Term
Research indicates that alcoholics are most likely to seek treatment when __________________
 Definition
they are threatened with job loss.
Term
Research investigating the effects of remarriage on children has shown that:
 Definition
boys benefit more than girls in terms of overall adjustment following remarriage, although girls tend to adjust over time
Term
Research on southeast Asian immigrants to the United States suggests that they ordinarily exhibit the most severe psychological symptoms:
 Definition
during the second and third years after their arrival
Term
Research on southeast Asian immigrants to the United States suggests that they ordinarily exhibit the most severe psychological symptoms:
 Definition
during the second and third years after their arrival
Term
Research on the impact of maternal employment on Caucasian adolescents has shown
 Definition
lower school grades for upper- and middle-class boys
Term
Research on therapy outcomes for African-American clients suggests that overall
 Definition
the outcomes and drop out rates are somewhat worse than white clients
Term
Resentment
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Restraining
 Definition
Strategic Theory
Term
Restraining strategies
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Restructuring
 Definition
Structural
Term
Reversal
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Role function analysis
 Definition
Satir
Term
Role function analysis
 Definition
Satir
Term
Rubber Fence theory, pseudo-hostility and pseudo-mutuality
 Definition
Lyman C. Wynne (Psychodynamic Family Therapy)
Term
Rumination disorder
 Definition
1. Eating disorder
2. Involves the repeated regurgitation of food in the absence of nausea or other gastrointestinal illness, and an accompanying failure to gain weight.
3. It typically appears between the ages of 3 and 12 months.
Term
SES
 Definition
Socio-economic status
Term
Satir 8 levels to the self
 Definition
physical, intellectual, emotional, sensual, interactional, contextual, nutritional, spiritual
Term
Satir or Whitaker
 Definition
1. Two therapists that would be interested in what roles each individual family member fill with one another.
2. Associated with Humanistic-Existential Therapy in general and more specifically Symbolic-Experiential.
Term
Scaling questions
 Definition
Solution focused
Term
Schemas
 Definition
Beck
Term
Schizoid personality disorder
 Definition
1. Neither desire nor enjoy close relationships.
2. affects may be constricted
Term
Schizophrenia
 Definition
1. Deterioration in adaptive functioning
2. A duration of symptoms for at least six months
3. The presence of certain psychotic features during the active phase and characteristic disturbances in areas such as content and/or form of thought, perception, affect, sense of self, volition, relationship to the external world and psychomotor behavior.
4. The onset of schizophrenia is not associated with an acute or chronic organic disorder.
5.In fact, the criteria require that organic factors be ruled out before schizophrenia can be diagnosed.
Term
Schizophrenia
 Definition
1. Deterioration in adaptive functioning
2. A duration of symptoms for at least six months
3. Presence of certain psychotic features during the active phase and characteristic disturbances in areas such as content and/or form of thought, perception, affect, sense of self, volition, relationship to the external world and psychomotor behavior.
4. The onset is not associated with an acute or chronic organic disorder. In fact, the criteria require that organic factors be ruled out before schizophrenia can be diagnosed.
Term
Schizophrenia is not associated with
 Definition
hostility and aggression
Term
Schizotypal personality disorder
 Definition
1. disturbance in the content of thought which may include paranoid ideation, suspiciousness, ideas of reference, odd beliefs, and magical thinking that is inconsistent with subcultural norms and influences the person's behavior.
2. affects may be constricted
3. unusual perceptual experiences
Term
Scope of practice
 Definition
Law
Term
Script Analysis
 Definition
TA
Term
Second Order Change
 Definition
Mental Research Institute (MRI) - Started by Jackson, believed that by attempting first order change, or change in the behavior, second order change, or change in the system's structure, could be achieved. 
Term
Secondary prevention
 Definition
1. Focused on reducing the duration of mental and physical disorders through early detection and intervention.
2. Screening tests for learning disorders
Term
Seed Model
 Definition
Satir
Term
Self
 Definition
Satir
Term
Self Insructional training
 Definition
Meichenbaum
Term
Self-actualization
 Definition
Person Centered
Term
Self-actualization
 Definition
Humanistic-Existential, Gestalt
Term
Self-esteem
 Definition
Satir
Term
Self-manifestation analysis
 Definition
Satir
Term
Sensory perceptions which occur without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ
 Definition
Hallucination
Term
Separation anxiety
 Definition
Duration at least 4 weeks and onset before age 18. If onset occurs before age 6 then put Early onset.
Term
Seven Asian values identified by Ho
 Definition
1. Filial piety (respect for parents)
2. Shame
3. Self-control
4. Assumption of the middle position (consensus)
5. Awareness of the social milieu
6. Fatalism
7. Inconspicuousness
Term
Sex with clients
 Definition
Legally and ethically wrong
Term
Short term family therapy
 Definition
Solution-Focused Therapy
Term
Sibling positions
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Skeleton keys
 Definition
Solution focused
Term
Social Learning
 Definition
Bandura
Term
Social learning theory
 Definition
an individual can simply observe another person (a model) perform a behavior and, without reinforcement, subsequently display that behavior.
Term
Societal regression
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Solid-self
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Solution Focused therapy
 Definition
1. Asking for exceptions to the problem
2. If client(s) can identify and describe fully those times or situations in which the problem is less severe or in fact non-existent, this will suggest things family members can do to create MORE of these non-problem experiences.
Term
Spitting in the client's soup
 Definition
Adlerian
Term
Stages of the Family Life Cycle
 Definition
Stage One: Single young adults leave home
Stage Two: The new couple joins their families through marriage or living together
Stage Three: Families with young children
Stage Four: Families with adolescents
Stage Five: Launching children and moving on
Stage Six: Families in later life
Term
Stalking
 Definition
Evidence Code 1027 permits a therapist to breech a minor client's confidence if the minor (under age 16) is the victim of a crime (stalking is a civil code violation) and the therapist believes that the disclosure would be in the minor's best interest.
Term
Standard of care
 Definition
Legal
Term
Strategic Approach= ______ approach.
 Definition
Paradoxical approach
Term
Strategic Theory
 Definition
1. Improve dysfunctional interaction patterns
2. Restraining
3. Repostioning strategies
4. Prescribing strategies
Term
Strategic theory
 Definition
1. prescribing strategies 2. restraining 3. repostioning
Term
Stress on the importance of awareness as a key element in personality change
 Definition
1. Gestalt
2. Psychoanalytic
Term
Structural Therapy
 Definition
1. Minuchin
2. The process of change (good or bad) represents an accommodation to stress.
3. Stress results in symptoms. An important goal in structural therapy is identifying more functional ways of responding to stress.
Term
Struggle for power
 Definition
Strategic
Term
Studies of abused children seem to indicate that
 Definition
most abused children are under the age of 6
Term
Studies regarding the effects of divorce on children generally indicate that:
 Definition
younger children are affected more negatively than older children
Term
Stupor, negativism, rigidity, bizarre posturing, and/or excessive motor activity
 Definition
Schizophrenia, catatonic type
Term
Styles of Communication
 Definition
Satir
Term
Sublimation
 Definition
describes how an individual deals with emotional conflict or internal or external stressors by channeling potentially maladaptive feelings or impulses into socially acceptable behavior (e.g., contact sports to channel angry impulses).
Term
Subsystems
 Definition
Structural
Term
Sue and Sue have identified three generic characteristics of counseling that can inhibit the development of rapport and create conflict when a counselor is working with a racially or culturally different client. These characteristics include:
 Definition
language, class values and cultural values
Term
Sue and Sue have identified three generic characteristics of counseling that can inhibit the development of rapport and create conflict when a counselor is working with a racially or culturally different client. These characteristics include:
 Definition
language, class values and cultural values
Term
Superego
 Definition
1. Part of the resolution of the Oedipal conflict
2. During the phallic stage of development and as the result of identification with the same-sex parent.
3. Develops between ages 4 and 6
Term
Superego develops during:
 Definition
fifth and sixth years of life.
Term
Symbolic models
 Definition
Bandura Social Learning
Term
Symmetrical communications
 Definition
are exchanges between equals and may result in difficulties with competition and escalation.
Term
Symptoms of panic disorder include:
 Definition
1. Chest pains
2. Shortness of breath
3. Pounding heart
Term
Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP)
 Definition
Adler
Term
TA - Child
 Definition
The Child ego state corresponds to the id and is composed primarily of feelings. Word such as "I want" and "I feel" are reflective of the Child ego state.
Term
TA -- Adult
 Definition
The Adult corresponds to the ego. It serves as a decision-maker and processor of data, and is oriented in reality; i.e., it is organized, adaptable, intelligent, and functions by testing reality.
Term
TA -- Parent
 Definition
The Parent ego state is characterized by words such as "should" and "should not." It corresponds to Freud's superego and represents the individual's internalization of appropriate roles, values, morals, and attitudes as directed by outside sources.
Term
TAT
 Definition
The Thematic Apperception Test assesses motivation and fantasy themes. Projective.
Term
TAT
 Definition
Thematic Apperception Test is a projective test typically given to adults,
Term
Temporal and spatial distortion is associated with ___________ use.
 Definition
Marijuana
Term
Temporal and spatial distortion is associated with what drug?
 Definition
Marijuana
Term
Tertiary preventions
 Definition
1. Aimed at reducing the negative aftereffects of mental illness.
2. Alcoholics Anonymous, halfway houses and employment assistance programs for the mentally ill.
Term
Test scores should
 Definition
be released only to those qualified to interpret them
Term
The California Family Law Act:
 Definition
established "no fault divorce" (i.e., it eliminated the concept of blame)
Term
The Cycle of Violence includes 3 stages:
 Definition
1. The Tension Building Stage
2. Serious Battering Incident
3. Honeymoon Period
Term
The Family Constellation
 Definition
Adlerian
Term
The Question
 Definition
Adlerian
Term
The Therapy Triangle
 Definition
Bowen
Term
The Vineland Social Maturity Scale
 Definition
1. Used to assess a child's level of adaptive functioning
2. Assesses developmental level with regard to the examinee's ability to look after his/ her practical needs.
3. Mental Retardation
Term
The Vineland offers
 Definition
a valid and flexible measure of personal and social skills used by an individual or child in daily situations. It is especially useful with those who have a diagnosis of mental retardation.
Term
The ability to conserve is associated with what stage and age?
 Definition
1. Concrete operational
2. stage of development (ages 7-11).
Term
The ability to conserve is associated with who and what stage?
 Definition
1. Piaget
2. concrete operational stage of development (ages 7-11)
Term
The best game to play with an 18- to 24-month old child is:
 Definition
hide and seek
Term
The best intervention to make when a battered woman comes in for therapy is
 Definition
treat her in the existing situation
Term
The best treatment for endogenous depression would be
 Definition
referral to a psychiatrist for a medical evaluation, since endogenous depression typically suggests a biochemical
Term
The cycle in a battering relationship involves what?
 Definition
Brutality, love, despair, reunion, separation, brutality
Term
The difference between primary and secondary impotence involves:
 Definition
whether or not the male has ever functioned well
Term
The drive to maintain homeostasis
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
The family is in a constant state of disequilibrium through repeated threats of parental separation.
 Definition
Marital Schism
Term
The first intervention with females who suffer from orgastic dysfunction is usually to:
 Definition
have the client masturbate to orgasm alone
Term
The group with the highest risk of suicide is
 Definition
major depressives
Term
The incorporation of a new object or idea by a child into an existing schema
 Definition
assimilation
Term
The incorporation of a new object or idea by a child into an existing schema is referred to as:
 Definition
assimilation
Term
The key disturbance in delirium is:
 Definition
reduced clarity in awareness of the environment
Term
The major goals in differentiation are
 Definition
de-triangulation and increasing the proportion of solid self (consistent, non-negotiable) to pseudo self (varying according to the pressures of relationships).
Term
The primary requirement of human beings is good relationships with others
 Definition
Object Relations
Term
The suicide rate for older white males is higher than the rate of any other age or racial group. This is usually related to
 Definition
mental health problems
Term
The tendency for family members to adopt formal roles to better "fit together" and to conceal underlying splits in their relationships is known as:
 Definition
pseudomutuality
Term
The therapist is joining with an underdog in the hierarchy ignoring the family's preexisting pattern.
 Definition
unbalancing (Minuchin - structural family counseling)
Term
The treatment of choice for an autistic child is:
 Definition
behavior therapy
Term
The typical time-frame for crisis intervention is:
 Definition
six to eight sessions.
Term
The view that personality is a multilayered construct is held by:
 Definition
Perls
Term
Theory can be a hindrance to clinical practice.
 Definition
Experiential Family Therapy (Whitaker)
Term
Theory sees the personality as "divided" into five layers: cliche, role-playing, impasse, implosive-explosive, and genuine personality
 Definition
Perls' Gestalt
Term
Therapist use of self
 Definition
Satir
Term
This ability to"conserve," according to Piaget, usually first occurs at which age:
 Definition
seven years
Term
Thompson v. Alameda
 Definition
The Supreme Court of California ruled in favor of the County of Alameda, which had failed to notify the community that a youth known to have violent tendencies was being released from custody into a local neighborhood. The youth later killed a five-year-old boy. Although the child's parents sued the county for wrongful death, the court determined that the county did not have a foreseeable victim to warn. Thus, the "duty to warn," as established by Tarasoff, did not apply to this situation. The legal significance of this case with regard to therapists' responsibilities is not altogether clear; however, it can be generally stated that unless the therapist can truly identify a victim the therapist has no "duty to warn."
Term
Threat and reward model
 Definition
Satir
Term
Three levels of Kohlberg's stages
 Definition
1. Pre-conventional
2. Conventional
3. Post Conventional
Term
Tickling the defenses
 Definition
Ackerman (Psychodynamic Family Therapy)
Term
Toddlers are able to play games such as "pat-a-cake" and "peek-a-boo" at approximately
 Definition
10 months of age
Term
Topdog/ Underdog
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Tracking
 Definition
Structural
Term
Transactional Analysis (The 3 Parts)
 Definition
Child, Adult, Parent
Term
Transference is
 Definition
a form of resistance
Term
Transsexuals
 Definition
may have homosexual relations because they define themselves psychologically as members of the opposite sex.
Term
Transvestism
 Definition
is persistent cross-dressing by a heterosexual male; transvestites are, then, basically heterosexual in orientation. A transvestite may not have the transsexual conviction that he is trapped in the body of the wrong sex; he may simply enjoy cross-dressing as a source of sexual stimulation.
Term
Triangulation refers to
 Definition
a form of rigid triad, usually involving two parents and a child.
Term
Two categories of Psychodynamic interventions
 Definition
1. Engendering insight
2. Corrective Emotional Experience
Term
Two emancipated minors, a girl age 14 and a boy age 15, are your clients. They tell you that they are in love and are having consensual sexual relations. You should:
 Definition
not report this to county agency, since this is a consensual relationship
Term
Two placators,1 blamer, or two disagrees while one agrees
 Definition
Coalition games
Term
Underlying cognitive structures or patterns of assumptions, thoughts, and beliefs that determine how individuals codify, categorize, and interpret their experiences
 Definition
Schemas
Term
Underlying feminist therapy is the assumption that
 Definition
symptoms are related more to gender role and expectations than to pathology
Term
Underuse of mental health facilities by Latino-Americans
 Definition
(1) the lack of bilingual counseling programs;
(2) the location of mental health facilities in areas distant from the residences of Latinos;
(3) adherence to traditional models of mental health care that ignore the needs of Latino clients;
(4) the Latino's perception of psychological problems as manifestations of physical problems; and
(5) characteristics of Latino culture that discourage self-referral.
Term
Undifferentiated ego mass is associated with who?
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Unfinished business
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Unprofessional conduct like misrepresenting self
 Definition
Legal
Term
Unstable system
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Use "I" language
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Use of specific techniques or "games" that help the client achieve awareness.
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
Using letters
 Definition
Narrative
Term
Vaginismus
 Definition
1. Graduated dilators
2. Uses individual psychotherapy
3. Teaches communication skills
4. A disorder involving spasms in the perineum and muscles in the outer third of the vagina, resulting in pain when penetration is attempted.
Term
Vicarious Learning
 Definition
Bandura Social Learning
Term
View dysfunctional behavior as the result of social isolation
 Definition
social learning theory
Term
Views transference as detrimental
 Definition
Reality Therapy
Term
Violation of a client's confidence
 Definition
Legal
Term
WRAT
 Definition
is an achievement test.
Term
Washing and or cleaning rituals associated with OCD would probably best be treated with
 Definition
exposure, response prevention, and participant modeling (and pharmacology)
Term
What age can a child be treated if serious danger to self?
 Definition
12 or older (minor has to be mature enough to participate intelligently in mental health treatment)
Term
What approaches is self psychology a part of?
 Definition
ego psychology, object relations theory, and psychoanalysis
Term
What are the primary treatment needs of a sociopath who is also a substance abuser?
 Definition
A firmly structured, reality based therapy emphasizing the development of internal controls.
Term
What could homosexuality be diagnosed as?
 Definition
sexual disorder NOS can be made for the individual whose homosexuality is considered to be ego-dystonic, that is, when the individual is experiencing marked distress over his/ her sexual orientation.
Term
What does the DSM NOT provide?
 Definition
treatment considerations for disorders
Term
What does the therapist need most in order to make an accurate assessment/ diagnosis
 Definition
A medical evaluation
Term
What if a patient or the patient's representative brings up their mental health in a legal proceeding?
 Definition
There is no privilege
Term
What if the court appoints a psychotherapist to examine the patient?
 Definition
No privilege
Term
What is a difference between individual and couples therapy?
 Definition
The transferences in couples therapy occur between the partners; ideally, the therapist will remain uninvolved except as an interpreter.
Term
What is indicated when an elderly client's clinical picture is dominated by subjective or anticipated concerns, such as dealing with family conflicts.
 Definition
Exploratory therapy (insight-oriented)
Term
What is sexual intercourse with a female under 18 who is not the wife considered?
 Definition
Unlawful sexual intercourse (However not all unlawful sexual intercourse is reportable)
Term
What is the most common hallucination among schizophrenics:
 Definition
Auditory
Term
What is the relationship between the ego and the superego?
 Definition
the ego seeks approval from the superego
Term
What percentage of alcoholics (seen in hospitals) have at least one alcoholic parent:
 Definition
40%
Term
What problems do late adolescents typically present when their parents divorced 10 years ago?
 Definition
Ambivalence, lack of motivation, postponed launching
Term
What theorist would clarify boundaries between family members in order to reduce enmeshment
 Definition
Minuchin
Term
What theory would look for the "rules" and focus on changing them
 Definition
Structural Family Therapist (Minuchin)
Term
What triggers spouse abuse?
 Definition
1) Inadequacy. The abuser feels in a "one down" position due to his wife's superior verbal skills, social skills, etc.
Term
What type of therapist does unbalancing?
 Definition
Structural therapist (Minuchin)
Term
What would an object relations therapist address at termination:
 Definition
separation and abandonment issues
Term
When a client has a history of chronic depression:
 Definition
the therapist should recommend a medical examination
Term
When a client threatens suicide, what is your legal mandate?
 Definition
Take reasonable steps to prevent the suicide which may include a breach of confidentiality. You are not mandated to report.
Term
When a communication receives an unexpected or inappropriate response
 Definition
crossed transaction
Term
When a communication receives an unexpected or inappropriate response, a TA theorist would say that a "_________ transaction has occurred."
 Definition
crossed
Term
When are thought and affect considered by behaviorists?
 Definition
when they can be made observable through scientific measurement.
Term
When can an MFT provide hypnosis?
 Definition
1. In the context of helping a client work on relationship issues
Term
When do most people tend to commit suicide?
 Definition
Majority occur within 3 months after the beginning of improvement in depressive symptoms.
Term
When does the greatest potential for harm exist in dual relationships?
 Definition
The greatest power differential within the roles.
Term
When is unlawful sexual intercourse not reportable as child abuse?
 Definition
When it is consensual, non-abusive, non-coercive sex involving minors age 14 to 17.
Term
Whenever symptoms are suggestive of both an organic and a functional disorder, it is important to first rule out ______
 Definition
organicity (i.e. Drugs)
Term
Which are the most likely factors that increase the likelihood of a client becoming a danger to others
 Definition
1. specific plan
2. possession of the means to carry out the act
3. history of violent, antisocial behavior in childhood
4. history of abuse as a child.
5. drug and alcohol intoxication or withdrawal
6. specific personality disorders such as antisocial and paranoid
7. low SES
8. male
9. impulse control disorder
10. recent provocation
Term
Which factor is seen most often in sexually dysfunctional couples:
 Definition
fear of inadequacy
Term
Which factor is seen most often in sexually dysfunctional couples:
 Definition
fear of inadequacy
Term
Which is more negatively affected by normal aging? Short term or long term memory?
 Definition
Long-term memory
Term
Which kind of therapist is most likely to use an intervention of intrusional phenomena?
 Definition
One working from a Strategic perspective
Term
Which of the following sequences best describes the psychoanalytic therapeutic process:
 Definition
1. clarification
2. confrontation
3. interpretation
4. working through
Term
Which of the following symptoms would be most useful in distinguishing between delirium and dementia?
 Definition
reduced consciousness
Term
Which of the following types of mental retardation can be controlled with a special diet:
 Definition
Phenylketonuria (PKU) can be controlled by diet. It is a metabolic disorder involving the incomplete oxidation of amino acids. This metabolic error can be detected at birth and a special diet can prevent retardation.
Term
Which symptom would be most useful in distinguishing between delirium and dementia:
 Definition
reduced consciousness
Term
Which theorist -- family therapy can be done along with individual therapy
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Which therapist is most associated with the paradoxical technique?
 Definition
Haley
Term
Who advocates differentiation?
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Who benefits more in terms of overall adjustment following remarriage?
 Definition
boys benefit more than girls in terms of overall adjustment following remarriage, although girls tend to adjust over time
Term
Who cautions against joining the family system during the course of therapy?
 Definition
Bowen
Term
Who coined Marital Schism and Marital Skew
 Definition
Theodore Lidz (Psychodynamic Family Therapy)
Term
Who joins the family subsystem and what theory?
 Definition
1. Minuchin
2. Structural Family Therapist
Term
Wholeness
 Definition
interdependence between the parts of a system
Term
Why should an MFT keep records?
 Definition
1. Good office policy and best interest of clients
2. CAMFT doesn't directly insist on record-keeping. More about protecting confidentiality
3. It is the law that records be kept
Term
With regard to spousal abuse, what is a private practice therapists legal mandate?
 Definition
None
Term
You are seeing a father. What characteristics would make you concerned that he might sexually abuse his child:
 Definition
social isolation and substance abuse
Term
You are seeing a man in therapy whose wife left him and moved out of state with the children. He says he would "do her in if he had the means." You should:
 Definition
call domestic violence experts and get legal advice
Term
You are working with a couple, and the woman is unable to achieve orgasm through intercourse. She explains that she has always been able to have orgasms through masturbation. If sensate focus was not successful with this couple, what would you recommend next:
 Definition
the bridge maneuver
Term
You have been filing insurance claims for your sessions with one of your clients. Your client now tells you his insurance has lapsed. What is the best way to handle this?
 Definition
offer a sliding scale
Term
You receive a letter from a former patient requesting that a copy of his clinical file be sent to his new therapist. You treated the patient for over a year so the file is quite lengthy. You should:
 Definition
contact the patient and suggest that a summary of the treatment might be more helpful, and provide a summary to the patient and/or new therapist within 10 days
Term
__________ is a procedure by which the therapist helps the family elaborate the details of behavioral routes so a coherent picture emerges of the particular complaint.
 Definition
Tracking
Term
animism
 Definition
The tendency to attribute human characteristics to inanimate objects is referred to as animism
Term
complementary relationships
 Definition
dyadic relationships based on differences that fit together; e.g., A's dominance is complemented by B's submissiveness and vice versa.
Term
has to do with the consistency of test scores over time, items, or different forms.
 Definition
Reliability
Term
has to do with the extent to which a test actually measures what it is intended to measure.
 Definition
Validity
Term
organismic self-regulation
 Definition
Gestalt
Term
phenylketonuria
 Definition
Type of mental retardation that can be controlled with a special diet:
Term
prescribing strategies
 Definition
Strategic theory (Haley, Erickson)
Term
primary enuresis
 Definition
If the enuresis was not preceded by a period of continence, then it is considered primary enuresis.
Term
rape crisis hotlines
 Definition
secondary prevention program
Term
repostioning
 Definition
Strategic theory (Haley, Erickson)
Term
restraining
 Definition
Strategic theory (Haley, Erickson)
Term
secondary enuresis
 Definition
If there was one year of continence, then it is considered secondary enuresis.
Term
secondary impotence
 Definition
1. Unable to do so 25% of the time.
2. Males with secondary impotence, at one time, functioned "well."
Term
structural family therapist
 Definition
1. Minuchin
2. Has a family "enact" its process, and once family patterns emerge, attempts to break the disruptive process.
3. Therapist joins one subsystem to promote change; e.g., he may "join with" the father by imitating his gestures and mannerisms.
4. Altering the family's structure in order to change the behavior patterns of family members.
5. Concerned with boundaries.
6. View family dysfunction as being related to boundaries that are too diffuse (enmeshed) or too rigid (disengaged).
Term
the tendency to change existing cognitive structures or schemes in order to understand new information and experiences
 Definition
Accommodation
Term
to determine a client's current level of functioning and rule out severe psychopathology
 Definition
mental status examination
Term
walk-in clinics
 Definition
Secondary prevention
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