Term
| What are the two stages of agglutination? |
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Definition
Stage I - Sensitization, the coating of RBCs with antibody.
Stage II - Agglutination, the actual clumping of RBCs |
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Term
| Saline as a reaction environment |
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Definition
| Normal Saline (0.9%) is the most commonly employed media for detecting and identifying IgM antibodies. |
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Term
| Albumin as a reaction environment. |
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Definition
| 22% Bovine Serum Albumin - Reduces the negative charge of the RBCs allowing them to move closer and to enhance direct agglutination of IgG class antibodies. |
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Term
| LISS as a reaction environment. |
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Definition
| Low Ionic Strength Saline - reagent accelerates antibody uptake. Shortens incubation time. Used as a substitute for saline and albumin. |
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Term
| AHG as a reaction environment. |
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Definition
| The single most important media use for the detection of IgG antibodies. Binds to IgG that are bound to RBC's as well as freely circulating IgGs (bridges the gap) made from bunnies |
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Term
| Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) as a reaction environment. |
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Definition
| Increases antibody uptake by removing water, therefore increasing antibody concentration. Used to separate IgM from IgG when multiple antibodies are suspected. |
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Term
| What are the four factors effecting agglutination? |
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Definition
Temperature - IgM 4-27oC | IgG - 37oC
Incubation Time
pH - 7.0 for routine work
Zonal Reaction - Pro, post, ZoE.... |
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Term
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Definition
| Clumping resulting from interaction of antibody and its corresponding antigen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein substance secreted by plasma cells in response to, and interacting with a specific antigen. |
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Term
| Monoclonal Antibody(antiglobulin) |
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Definition
| derived from one line of plasma cells and only recognize one epitope |
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Term
| Polyclonal Antibodies(antiglobulin) |
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Definition
| Mixture of antibodies, recognizes many epitopes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance that is capable of eliciting and immune response. |
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Term
| Antihuman Globulin Antisera |
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Definition
prepared in rabbits or other suitable animals, directed against human immunoglobulins, complement, or both. Also called;
AHG
Coombs Antisera
Anti-Human Sera |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that when activated can cause hemolysis, some antibodies can activate complement. |
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Term
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Definition
| RBCs coated with antibody or complement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inactivating an antibody by racting it with an antigen against which it is directed. |
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