Term
True or False:
Most times with a transfusion reaction you should stop the transfusion and investigate before continuing the transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is an immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction intravascular or extravascular? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
DAT will be = with ALL nonimmune immediate hemolytic transfusion reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction intravascaulr or extravascular? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To prevent an allergic immediate transfusion reaction, what should you treat the patient with? |
|
Definition
| Washed RBCs and Benadryl before transfusion |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of transfusions will have a negative effect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One must be sure that the _____ of a transfusion outweigh the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
The most serious reactions occur hours after the transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
The less serious reactions occur during or immediately after the transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
The most serious reactions occur during or immediately after the transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
The less serious reactions occur hours or days after the transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
The patient's vital signs need to be monitored during the entire transfusion and afterwards |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the #1 reason for transfusion associated deaths each year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are all of the following considered:
Acute hemolysis
Acute pulmonary edema
Bacterial contamination of product
Delayed hemolytic reactions
Anaphylaxis
External hemolysis
GHV Disease |
|
Definition
| Transfusion-Associated Deaths |
|
|
Term
| What Types of Transfusion Reactions are considered common? |
|
Definition
Febrile
Allergic
Alloimmunization |
|
|
Term
| What Types of Transfusion Reactions are considered less common? |
|
Definition
Circulatory overload
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions |
|
|
Term
| What Types of Transfusion Reactions are considered unusual? |
|
Definition
Immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction
Iron overload
Anaphylaxis
Bacterial contamination
GVH disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| White lymphs from donor start proliferating inside the recipient's body and attacking it |
|
|
Term
What is the risk of the following Transfusion-Transmitted Disease:
HIV-1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the risk of the following Transfusion-Transmitted Disease:
HBV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the risk of the following Transfusion-Transmitted Disease:
HTLV-I/II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the risk of the following Transfusion-Transmitted Disease:
HCV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 7 causes of transfusion reactions |
|
Definition
a. Patient misidentification
b. Sample error
c. Wrong blood issued
d. Transcription error
e. Administrative error
f. Technical error
g. Storage error |
|
|
Term
| What types of transfusion reactions are considered immediate? |
|
Definition
Allergic
Febrile
Circulatory Problems
Metabolic problems
Hemolytic
Bacteria contaminated blood |
|
|
Term
| In what stretch of time do immediate transfusion reactions normally occur? |
|
Definition
Within 24 hours
-Most within 15 minutes |
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe a mild allergic immediate transfusion reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe a severe allergic immediate transfusion reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of a Urticarial Allergic Immediate Transfusion Reaction? |
|
Definition
| Antigen/Antibody reaction to plasma protein |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of a Anaphylactic Allergic Immediate Transfusion Reaction? |
|
Definition
| IgG Antibody to IgA formed in people with low or absent IgA |
|
|
Term
| When a Urticarial Allergic Immediate Transfusion Reaction occurs, you interrupt the transfusion and medicate the patient with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a Anaphylactic Allergic Immediate Transfusion Reaction occurs, you interrupt the transfusion and medicate the patient with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If an Anaphylactic Allergic Immediate Transfusion Reaction happens to a patient, if they need blood in the future what type of blood do you give them? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With which of the following is the description true for:
If symptoms subside for a patient after an allergic immediate transfusion reaction you can resume transfusion
Urticarial or Anaphylactic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the following consistent with:
Fever of > 2 degrees over baseline; chills; mild discomfort, but no serious symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With a Febrile Immediate Transfusion Reaction when AGN/ABY reaction occurs, what are released? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With a Febrile Immediate Transfusion Reaction you should stop transfusion and medicate with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the Febrile Immediate Transfusion Reaction cultures come up negative what should be done if the patient needs blood in the future? |
|
Definition
Premedicate
Leuko-deplete RBCs or HLA Match Units |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms associated with Circulatory Problems? |
|
Definition
| Headache, Increased BP, CHF, SOB |
|
|
Term
| What should you give to the patient if Circulatory Problems occur during the Transfusion Reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of a Febrile Immediate Transfusion Reaction? |
|
Definition
| HLA ABYs from WBCs or Platelets |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 Metabolic Problems that we discussed? |
|
Definition
Hypothermia
Citrate Toxicity
Hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
Which Metabolic Problem is associated with the following:
Tingling of lips or rarely muscle spasms
Citrate binds Ca and can lower Ca
Give oral Ca |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Element does Citrate bind to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does Citrate Increase or Decrease Calcium Levels in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperkalemia is due to an Increase in what chemical Element? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is there an increased level of Potassium in Hyperkalemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Hyperkalemia more of a problem in babies, children, adults, or elderly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To help decrease the likelihood of Hyperkalemia, what type of blood should you use? |
|
Definition
| Wash RBCs or use blood that is less than 7 days old |
|
|
Term
| Which Immediate Transfusion Reaction is the MOST SERIOUS of the reactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can Hemolytic Immediate Transfusion Reactions cause? |
|
Definition
DIC
Renal Failure
Shock
Death |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms associated with Hemolytic Immediate Transfusion Reactions? |
|
Definition
| Fever, Chills, Chest pain, HYPOtension, SOB, Anxiety, Nausea, Hemoglobinuria, Oliguria, Anuria |
|
|
Term
True or False:
With Hemolytic Immediate Transfusion Reactions you should stop the transfusion and keep IV lines closed too |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
With Hemolytic Immediate Transfusion Reactions you should stop the transfusion and keep IV lines open to administer fluids or drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will the DAT look like if incompatible blood was given and has not all been desroyed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will the DAT be for Hemolytic Immediate Transfusion Reactions on all non-immune hemolysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of reaction is tied to High Temperatures or Freezing and Mechanical errors? |
|
Definition
| Non-immune Hemolytic Immediate Transfusion Reaction |
|
|
Term
| What type of mechanical errors are seen with Non-immune Hemolytic Immediate Transfusion Reactions? |
|
Definition
Pumps
Incompatible solutions such as colloid solutions |
|
|
Term
| Which type of Immediate Transfusion Reaction is Extremely serious and can be fatal? |
|
Definition
| Bacteria contaminated blood |
|
|
Term
| What can Bacteria contaminated blood be due to? |
|
Definition
Unit draw
Component Prep
Unit Storage |
|
|
Term
| What blood component can be a special problem when dealing with Bacteria contaminated blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Bacteria Contaminated Blood can appear normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of bacteria are implicated in deaths of Bacteria contaminated blood? |
|
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica
Staphlococcus |
|
|
Term
| Where should RBCs be stored? |
|
Definition
| Only in blood bank in monitored refrigerators |
|
|
Term
| You should never warm RBCs above what temperature if you are going to transfuse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Do NOT transfuse blood if patient or donor ID is not accurate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Never sign out blood by name only |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Do NOT add medication to blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 types of Delayed Transfusion Reactions that we discussed in our lectures? |
|
Definition
Hemolytic
Infectious
Hemosiderosis
GVHD
Alloimmunization
Depletion of Coagulation factors |
|
|
Term
| With whom is Hemosiderosis observed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only way to rid patients of iron is what what type of agents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Deferoxamine an example of? |
|
Definition
| Chelating agent used to treat Hemosiderosis |
|
|
Term
| What should you do to RBC components from relatives, bone marrow transplant patients, and intrauterine transfusions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does Depletion of Coagulation Factors generally occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define Massive Transfusions |
|
Definition
| More than 1 blood volume in less than 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| What do some institutions give for every x units of cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of Infectious Delayed Transfusion Reactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Most common Parasitical Infectious Delayed Transfusion Reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 2nd most common Parasitical Infectious Delayed Transfusion Reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Since don't use fresh blood, there is not too much worry for spirochetes in Bacteria Infectious Delayed Transfusion Reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOST common Transmitted Blood Virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the time period for DHTRs? |
|
Definition
| Days or weeks after transfusion depending on if initial response or anamnestic |
|
|
Term
| What is the risk of sensitizing recipient to AGN other than D with DHTRs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
DHTRs - These ABYs rarely fix C' so are NOT life threatening and exhibit few signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What symptoms are associated with DHTRs? |
|
Definition
| Slight fever, malaise, mild jaundice |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose DHTRs? |
|
Definition
+DAT
Decreased HCT
Slight Increase in Bilirubin |
|
|
Term
| What is often implicated in DHTRs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If it is Jk^a in DHTR what will not be positive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If an acute transfusion reaction occurs, what are the steps you must take? |
|
Definition
1. Stop transfusion immediately
2. Maintain IV access
3. Maintain BP, Pulse, & Ventilation
4. Institute fluid diuresis
5. Obtain blood/urine for transfusion reaction workup |
|
|
Term
| What type of Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction is occurring if it is DHTR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction is occurring if it is IHTR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When performing a BB workup of suspected transfusion reaction what do you evaluate for hemoglobinemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When performing a BB workup of suspected transfusion reaction what do you evaluate for hemoglobinuria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If intravascular hemolytic reaction is confirmed what steps do you then take? |
|
Definition
1. Monitor renal status
2. Monitor Coagulation status
3. Monitor for signs of hemolysis
4. If sepsis is suspected, culture as appropriate |
|
|
