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| ability to differentiate two nearby objects |
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| ability to differentiate intensities between two objects |
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| the ability of a lens to collect light |
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| 0.61 * wavelength/numerical aperture |
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| small wavelength and large numerical aperture |
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| light in the electromagnetic spectrum form long wavelength to short wavelength |
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Definition
acronym: Roy G.Biv
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet |
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difference in intensity between two objects, or between an object and background.
- important in determining resolution |
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Staining the specimen
use of light that is in phase |
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Term
| most common type of microscope |
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Definition
bright field microscope
-background is illuminated |
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Definition
| specimen appear light against a dark background |
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Bright field Microscopes
Dark Field microscopes
phase contrast
nomarski |
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Term
| type of Bright Field microscope |
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Definition
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| Simple bright field microscope |
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Definition
contain a single magnifying lens
similar to magnifying glass
leuwenhoek used simple microscope to observe organism |
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Term
| Compound bright field microscope |
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Definition
series of lenses to magnify
light passes through specimen into objective lens
oil immersion lens increase resolution
have one or two ocular lenses
toatl magnification=magnification of objective lens X magnification of ocular lens
Most have condenser lens |
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Term
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Definition
| direct light through specimen |
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Definition
best for observing pale objects
only light rays scattered by specimen enter objective lens
specimen appears light against dark background
increases contrast and enables observation of more details |
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Definition
| used to examine living organisms or specimens that would be damaged by attaching them to slides |
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produce darker image
create contrast |
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| two type of phase microscope |
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Definition
phase-contrast microscope
differential interference microscope |
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Term
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Definition
direct UV light source at specimen
used in immunofluorescence to identify pathogens and to make visible of variety of proteins |
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Definition
use fluorescent dyes
use UV lasers to illuminate fluorescent chemicals in a single plane |
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Definition
greater resolving power and greater magnification
10,000x-100,000x |
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| Two type electron Microscope |
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Definition
Transmission electron Microscope
Scanning electron microscope |
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Term
| limitation of resolving power of light microscope |
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Definition
| cannot resolve structure closer than 200nm |
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Definition
| magnify more than 100,000,000 |
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| two type of probe microscope |
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Definition
scanning tunneling Microscope
Atomic Force Microscope |
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| scanning tunneling microscope |
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Definition
uses metallic probe with an end 1 atom in size
pass probe closely across specimen surface
record electron exchange between probe and surface |
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Definition
using a probe, gently pass physically across a surface
a laser measures the probe's subtle displacement |
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Definition
| increase contrast and resolution by coloring specimen with stains/dyes |
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| stain alkaline structures |
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| differential stains and special stains |
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Definition
- gram stain
- acid-fast stain
- Endospore stain |
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Definition
- Negative (Capsule) Stain
- Flagellar Stain |
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Term
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Definition
- crystal violet- primary stain
- iodine- mordant ( decreases solubility of primary stain)
- acetone/ethonal- decolorizer strips off thin PG layer of Gram negative cells
Safranin- Pink counterstain |
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Term
| Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain |
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Definition
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| Procedure for Zielh-Neelsen acid-fast chain |
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Definition
carbolfuchsin-primary stain
heat drives carbolfuchin past waxy layer
methylene blue- counterstain |
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Definition
Endospore Stain
Malachite Green-primary stain
Heat drives malachite green past endospore surface
Safranin- pink counterstain |
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| classification, nomenclature and identification |
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| level in linaean taxonomic scheme |
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Definition
Remember: Did king Phillip Come Over For Great Sex ( Soup)
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species |
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Term
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Definition
| series of paired statements where only one or two choices apply to any particular organism |
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