Term
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Definition
Salmonella Gastroenteritis (Salonellosis)
Typhoid Fever |
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Term
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Definition
| A gram negative bacterial rod. |
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Term
| Slamonellosis (Gastroenteritis)- Transmission |
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Definition
Uncooked poultry (most likely)
Eggs
Cross-contaminated food |
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Term
| Salmonella Gastroenteritis (Salmonellosis) - Pathogenesis |
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Definition
Incubation 12-48 hours
Ingestion -> bacteria multiplies in intestinal mucosa |
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Term
| Who is Salmonellosis most dangerous to? |
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Definition
Infants and elderly
Self limiting in healthy people |
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Term
| Typhoid fever - causal agent |
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Definition
| Salmonella typhi (gram negative rod) |
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Term
| Typhoid fever - pathogenesis |
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Definition
Incubation 1-3 weeks
Ingestion -> infects intestines -> bacteremia -> abdominal organs |
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Term
| Typhoid fever - specialized symptoms |
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Definition
Enlarged liver/spleen, enlarged and tender abdominal cavity.
Can have healthy carriers - survivors carry for life in gall bladder |
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Term
| Bacilliary dyssentary (Shigellosis)- causal agent |
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Definition
| Gram negative bacterial rod Shigella sonnei |
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Term
| Bacilliary dyssentary (Shigellosis) - pathogenesis |
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Definition
| Ingestion -> infects intestines |
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Term
| Bacilliary dyssentary (Shigellosis) - speciaized symptoms |
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Definition
SEVERE diarrhea (mucus/pus/blood)
Many healthy carriers |
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Term
| Bacilliary dyssentary (shigellosis) - who is most susceptible? |
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Definition
| Kids 1-4 therefore can be outbreaks in nurseries/daycare |
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Term
| Cholera - causative agent |
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Definition
| vibrio cholerae - gram negative curved rod |
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Term
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Definition
| infected water or shrimps |
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Term
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Definition
| Unusual enterotoxin causes extreme excretion of liquids from small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
10-20 liters of 'ricewater' stools explelled per day
stools can have tissue debris
leads to dehydration and shock
can cause low BP |
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Term
| E. coli Gastro enteritis (traveller's diarrhea)-causal agent |
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Definition
enteroinvasive E. coli
sometimes Shigella, salmonella or campylobacter |
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Term
| Travellers diarrhea (gastroenteritis) - transmission |
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Definition
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Term
| Travellers diarrhea (gastroenteritis) - pathogenesis |
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Definition
ingestion -> intestines
short illness 1-2 days of mild to severe diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Helicobacter pylori bacterial gram negative |
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Term
| Ulcers - specialized symptoms |
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Definition
Burning of stomach lining
produce urease
infects mucosa causing ulcerations
can be linked to stomach cancer |
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Term
| Bacterioides (anaerobic infections) - causal agent |
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Definition
| Bacterioides fragilis - gram negative obligate anaerobe from normal flora (upper respiratory, intestines, vaginal tract) |
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Term
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Definition
Intra-abdominal (surgery/trauma)
Pelvic abcess (giving birth/abortion)
Cellulitis (necrosis and gangreen) |
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Term
| Diannhea by Clostridium difficile - defining factors |
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Definition
Foul, striking odor
nosocomial diarrhea
so severe may perforate large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
contaminated meat, milk, unpasturised fruit, juice, lettuce, water..
person to person
Causes heloyitic uremic syndrome in children
effects kidneys |
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Term
| Campylobacter gastroenteritis |
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Definition
Gram negative spirochetes
poultry, meat, raw milk, water
1-3 days incubation
lasts for a week
self limiting |
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Term
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Definition
Yersinia entercolitica
Gram negative bacterial rod
normal flora
cytotroph- survives refridgerator
meat, milk, person to person
sometimes confused with apendicitis |
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Term
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Definition
infected seafood/shellfish
24hrs incubation
burning sensation/cramps |
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Term
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Definition
gram POSITIVE
raw dry food ( rice, legumes,lentil, soil)
1-2 hr incubation
survive cooking |
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Term
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Definition
food poisoning for 24 hrs
from food handlers (sandwiches salads etc) |
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Term
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Definition
Clostridium botulinum
food/wounds
gram POSITIVE
obligate anaerobe
potent neurotoxin - neuromuscular junction
canned foods
survivors have brain damage
causes double vision, gradual paralysis, respiratory arrest |
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Term
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Definition
floppy baby syndrome
from honey
toxemia
weak sucking/swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
gram positive
grows in left out food (thanksgiving)
mild 24-48 hrs |
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Term
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Definition
Lysteria monocytogenes
gram positive bacteria
monocytes increase
cytogenic (survive refrigerator)
mainly in immunosuppressed/cancer/pregnant
neonatal listerosis - miscarriage/stillbirth
septacemia, menengitis
60% mortality rate |
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Term
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Definition
Treponema pallidum - spirochete
motile, does not stimulate defenses
four stages:
primary - chancre (hard, painless)
secondary - hairloss, malaise, low fever, rash
latent - silent - asymptomatic
tertiary - incurable/terminal delayed hypersensitivity - GUMMAS
defects if infect fetus across placenta (congenital syphilis) |
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Term
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Definition
most common
nisseria gonorrhoeae
males : urethritis/destroy reprodictive
female : many asymptomatic can lead to PID which leads to infertility
can be systemic |
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Term
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Definition
| gonnorhea eye infection in newborm |
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Term
| Nongonnococcal urethritis |
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Definition
chlamydia trachomatis/ ureplasma urealticum
mirrors gonorrhea |
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Term
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Definition
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (sometimes type 1 but rare)
painful fluid filles legions - burst/scab over
latent/recurrent at same site
can be fatal/cns damage/blindness |
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Term
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Definition
human papilloma virus
DNA virus
external or internal
males have dry infection (grey and hard)
irregularities on pap smear
connected to penial and cervical cances |
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Term
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Definition
retrovirus
body fluid transfer (not airborne or fomites)
can test positive after 6mo
A- lymphodenopathy/ malaise
B- Opportunistic infections
C- Clinical AIDS- tcell below 200 count- reactivation of latent disease
Kaposis sarcoma (spots)
Pneumocystis pneumoniae often cause of death |
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Term
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Definition
gram neagative, occasionally gram positive
blood poisoning
lymphangitis - streaks from endotoxin
do not use antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
most common tick disease
gram negative spirochetes
Borrelia burgdorferi
deer/mice
often disseminates
1 - bullseye rash
2 - doesnt always occus (myocarditis, muscle pain, neurological symptoms)
3 - late (mo-yrs later) arthritis, chronic |
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Term
| Rocky mountain spotted fever |
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Definition
Rickettsia rickettsi - intracellular pathogen
ticks/tick eggs
rash -> heart -> kidneys -> organ failure
20% mortality rate |
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Term
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Definition
Black death
zoonosis
killed 25% of population
Yersinia pestis - gram negative rod
Bubonic or Pneumonic |
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Term
| Infectious mononeucleosis |
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Definition
Epstein barr virus - latent
1 yr contagious
lymph is 25% above mormal
enlarged spleen/liver
reactivate in immunosupressed |
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Term
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Definition
Bacillus anthracis
gram Positive
cutaneous - contact w/ wool/leather - woolsorters disease
pulomary - inhalation, high mortality |
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Term
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Definition
coiled ball
thread virus (single strand)
marbug - germany - green monkeys
Ebola - zaire and sudan - 1976 - 1995 |
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Term
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Definition
RNA filovirus
clots shut off blood supply
liquifies collagen - causes rips
bleeding from all orifaces |
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Term
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Definition
Viral
paramyxo RNA
infects parotid gland under ear
orchitis/pancratitis/meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
Rota RNA virus
NVD
Rotavirus most responsible for enteritis in children |
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Term
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Definition
Huge cells b/c inclusion bodies
herpes virus
latent in tcells/macrophages
severe to immuno supressed and children (pneumonia/blindness) |
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Term
| Viral hepatitis - general symptoms |
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Definition
Anorexia
NVD
fever
headache
fatigue
abdominal pain
jaundice
- Virus varies in type and severity |
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Term
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Definition
fecal-oral
Naked RNA
Contagious
No liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
most severe
enveloped DNA
blood
dibilitating
oncogenic |
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Term
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Definition
Enveloped RNA
blood
chronic
decades for symptoms to develop |
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Term
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Definition
Needs Hep B to form envelope
Enveloped RNA
parenteral
relapses |
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Term
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Definition
fecal-oral
Naked RNA
complications in pregnancy - 25% mortality for mother |
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Term
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Definition
nisseira minigedites
gram negativ diplococcus
nasopharynx
petichial rash
schwartzmann phenomenon (purple spots) |
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Term
| Haemophilius meningitis HiB |
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Definition
Gram nevative encapsulated
common in infant
no schwartzmann
deafness/retardation
6% mortality
leading cause of retardation |
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Term
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Definition
Strep pneumoniae
gram Positive
healthy carriers
no schwartzmann
26% mortality rate
primary infants/newborn, secondary toddlers |
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Term
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Definition
hansens disease
tropical
likes warm temp
Mycobacterium leprae
acid fast
5-15 yr incubation
intracellular |
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Term
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Definition
| pale nodules, loos of sensation, non contagious |
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Term
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Definition
lepromas (nodules) all over
lion face
progressive
VERY contagious
no CMI develops |
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Term
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Definition
aseptic
echo virus
less severe
self llimiting |
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Term
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Definition
Naked RNA pico virus
fecal-oral
14 day incubation
lymph - viremia - CNS
post - 25-35 years after reactivated |
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Term
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Definition
common
stops at lymph
self limiting
mild |
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Term
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Definition
anterior horns of spinal cord
destroys motor neurons |
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Term
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Definition
medulla/respiratory center
Iron lung
paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
zoonosis
RNA rhabdo virus
animal bites/saliva |
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Term
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Definition
animals
unusual aggresion/behavior
foaming/cant swallow
paralysis
dogs |
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Term
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Definition
cats
lethargic/non responsive
aggressive if provoked
gradual paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
fatal encephalytis
hydrophobia
need anti globulin immediately |
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Term
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Definition
Epidemic
insects (mosquitos)
Arbovirus
Eastern equine most rare and severe
western, st louis, california
wide range of symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
effects crows mostly
RNA flavi virus
Dangerous to elderly (neurological damage) |
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Term
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Definition
protien
no nucleic acid
long incubation
damage CNS no fever or inflammation
spongy brain |
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Term
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Definition
prion
rare
transplants/injection of growth hormone
odd proteins
get from open wounds |
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Term
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Definition
prion
cannibals in new guinea
brain tissues ingested |
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Term
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Definition
CDJ
prion
cows eat sheep parts with scrapies
1st found in england
acquired from beef |
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