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Basics
Basics
47
Science
Undergraduate 2
02/10/2014

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Cards

Term
Parasitology
Definition
one animal is harmed and one is going to benefit
Term
The big Three
Definition
Malaria, TB, HIV
Term
Symbiosis
Definition
close association between two organisms
types of Symbiosis: predation, phoresy, mutalism, synnecrosis, amensalism, ....
Term
Predation
Definition
lion vs. zebra
Term
Phoresy
Definition
hitching a ride... example would be a house fly or a Human Bot fly (Dermatobia Hominis). Eggs are laid in host's skin and will emerge and adult
Term
Mutualism
Definition
Mutually benefitting
ex. Termite (the can't breakdown the wood and the flatulate in their intestines help to break it down)
ex. Crocodile and Plover Dentist Bird
ex. Rhino and a Tick Bird
Term
Synnecrosis
Definition
both organisms are destroyed
Term
Amensalism
Definition
one symbiote is harmed and the other is not affected
ex. bread mold and penecilin
Term
Neutral Relationship
Definition
both organisms neither benefit nor are harmed (this probably cannot exist in nature)
Term
Commensalism
Definition
One benefits and the other is not affected
ex. (amoras and sharks)
ex. Entamoeba gingivitis lives in gums and eats bacteria
Term
Parasitism
Definition
one sybiote benefits and one symbiote is harmed
ex. Human Beef Worm
Term
Ways A Parasite Can Harm their host
Definition
1. Robs Nutrients 2. Eat Host Tissue 3. Toxic Waste (Metabolic Waste) 4. Immune Responses 6. Combination of any of the previous five (hookworms are a good example of a combination)
Term
Endo Parasite
Definition
A parasite that lives inside the host
Term
Exo Parasite
Definition
A parasite that lives outside the host
Term
Obligatory Parasite
Definition
Portion of the parasites adult life must be spent in or on a host
Term
Facultative Parasite
Definition
Becomes parasitic only if given the opportunity. Doesn't necessarily have to attack a host in order to develop
Term
Abberant Parasite
Definition
Parasite that is in the right host but in the wrong location
Term
Accidental Parasite
Definition
Normally a parasite but is in the wrong host
Term
Temporary Parasite
Definition
Part of the life is spent on the host
Term
Permanent Parasite
Definition
Entire life is spent on the host
Term
Biological Transmision
Definition
Cyclodevelopmental, Propagative, or Cyclopropagative
Term
Cyclodevelopmental Transimsion
Definition
Development but no replication
Term
Propagative Transmission
Definition
no development and multiplication
Term
Cyclopropagative Transmission
Definition
Development and multiplication
Term
Mechanical Transmission
Definition
Flying Syringe. No development or multiplication
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
the underlying cause of disease (ecology of disease) look at the level of disease within the populations
Term
Endemic
Definition
the pathogen exists and is expected to be there (rabies within wisconsin)
Term
Holoendemic
Definition
"endemic stability" most of the population is infected, but very few disease (malaria or dengivirus)
Term
Hyperendemic
Definition
higher level of the pathogen compared to other communities
Term
Mesoendemic
Definition
The expected state of the pathogen
Term
Epidemic
Definition
unexpected increase in the pathogen or if an agent is introduced to a population for the first time and then it takes off
Term
Pandemic
Definition
A worldwide epidemic (influenza)
Term
Enzootic vs. Epizooitic
Definition
the same situation of epidemic and pandemic but in an animal population
Term
Prevalence of Disease
Definition
Number of infected individuals over the population
Term
Incidence
Definition
# of new cases in the susceptible population
Term
Intensity
Definition
Number of parasites per individual
Term
Mean Intensity
Definition
Mean intensity of all of those with parasites present
Term
Overdispersed
Definition
the vast majority of the parasites are found in a small percentage of the hosts
Term
Undispersed
Definition
Relatively equal number of parasites found throughout the infected populaion
Term
Types
Definition
Flagellates - Kinetoplasts / other flagellates
Amoebae
Apicomplexa
Cialophra
Term
Trophozoite
Definition
Active feeding stage
Term
Cyst
Definition
Dormant or environmentally resistant stage. Usually reproduction will take place binary fission (asexual reproduction) ** exception to that rule would be the apicomplexans which use sexual reproduction
Term
Gametogony
Definition
Multiple mitotic divisions into daughter cells called macro or micro gametocytes eventually becoming macro and micro gametes that then fuse (syngamy) and then produce a zygote
Term
Schizogony
Definition
multiple mitotic divisions followed by cytokinesis (occurs in a schizont to make daughter cells called merozoites)
Term
Sporogony
Definition
Meiotic/Mitotic division producing daughters cells called sporozoites (SEE EXAMPLE IN NOTEBOOK)
Term
Direct Lifecycle
Definition
Definitive hosts involved
Term
Monoxenous Lifecycles
Definition
Intermediate hosts involved
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