Term
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Definition
| aerobic gram negative bacilli |
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Term
| most significant legionella |
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Definition
| Legionella pneumophilia, causes Legionnaire's Disease, serotype 1 causes most diseases |
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Term
|
Definition
| natural bodies of water, air conditioning |
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Term
|
Definition
| facultative intracellular parasite that attaches to macrophages and then multiplies inside them, fusion w lysosomes is blocked |
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Term
| legionella infection occurs due to |
|
Definition
| inhalation of aerosol or aspiration of water, not transmitted person to person |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| legionella causes what disease |
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Definition
| severe pneumonia with fever over 40.5C with cough, fever, increased RR, headache, hyponatremia |
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Term
|
Definition
| rapid urine antigen, grow on media with antibiotics, direct fluorescent ab tests |
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Term
|
Definition
| macrolides such as azithromycin, fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, sometimes rifampin, prevention by cleaning water sources and ventillators |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| chlamydia that causes pneumonia |
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Definition
| C. pneumoniae, can develop into bronchitis or pneumonia, gradual onset of cough, little or no fever, can also cause laryngitis, sinusitis or pharyngitis, transmitted person to person by respiratory secretions, all ages are at risk but most commonly in school aged children |
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|
Term
| what is common w C. pneumoniae |
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Definition
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|
Term
| C. pneumoniae has been associated w |
|
Definition
| heart disease, artherosclerotic vascular disease |
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Term
| Laboratory diagnosis of C. pneumoniae |
|
Definition
| grow in egg cultures, innoculate yolk sac of chick embryos or McCoy human cells and look for cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, doesn't grow on routine media. but now we have rapid antigen tests, microimmunofluorescent tests or (typically) direct fluorescent tests |
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|
Term
| C. pneumoniae can also cause |
|
Definition
| eye infections, test tears for antibodies |
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|
Term
| treatment for c. pneumoniae |
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Definition
| azithromycin or tetracyclines, doxycycline are drugs of choice, also fluoroquinolones like ofloxacin, erythromycin, penicillins, for children erythromycin |
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Term
|
Definition
| one of the smallest self replicating organisms, does not gram stain, hard to grow in lab, have plasma membrane w sterols |
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Term
| mycoplasma often resistant to |
|
Definition
| penicillins, cephalosporins, and vancomycin |
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|
Term
| how does mycoplasma pneumoniae cause disease |
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Definition
| attaches to the villi in the lungs on the epithelial cells w P1 pili, very common cause of community acquired pneumonia, can't cough this up, paralyzes the cells, no cilia movement (results in cough bc can't clear), toxic metabolic products- peroxide and superoxide and can inhibit catalase, (catalase activates macrophages and stimulates cytokine production to destory organisms), transmitted by respiratory droplets |
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|
Term
| mycoplamsa pneumoniae growth |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary atypical pneumonia or walking pneumonia |
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|
Term
| mycoplasma pneumoniae seen in what pts |
|
Definition
| tends to be young healthy pts |
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|
Term
| symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae |
|
Definition
| fever, malaise, chills, headache, sore throat, may have severe blood tinged cough, worsens at night, can get ear infections, meningitis, encephalitis, hemolytic anemias |
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|
Term
| ureaplasma most commonly cause |
|
Definition
| a nongonococcal urethritis or infection of the urethra, pneumonia-like infection less commonly |
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|
Term
| clinical symptoms of M. pneumoniae |
|
Definition
| fever, headache, malaise, persistent non-dry cough, acute pharyngitis may be present, resolves slowly, rarely if ever fatal, no seasonal variation |
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|
Term
| M. pneumoniae chest x-ray |
|
Definition
| diffuse infiltrates, bronchopneumonia |
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|
Term
| classic pneumonia in the summer |
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Definition
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|
Term
| definitive diagnosis for M. pneumoniae |
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Definition
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|
Term
| if you do want to culture mycoplasma |
|
Definition
| hard to do bc dry cough so don't produce a lot of sputum. need to let lab know so you can get special transport media, classic fried egg appearance when it does grow, colonies are very small |
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|
Term
| test of choice for mycoplasma |
|
Definition
| molecular diagnosis, PCR testing also serological testing and cold agglutinin test |
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|
Term
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae treatment |
|
Definition
| tetracycline, newer fluoriquinolones, in kids: macrolides, azithromycin, erythromycin and prevention, avoid close contact |
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|
Term
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae is resistant to |
|
Definition
| all the cell wall synthesis inhibitors, penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin |
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