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| Yellowing of skin due to excess bilirubin |
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| Jugular venous distension |
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| Prothrombin time (clotting time) |
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| What is the osmolality of normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride)? Name 2 uses for NS. |
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Isotonic; ECF replacement & with administration of blood |
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| What is the osmolality of 0.45% NaCl? Name 1 use for it. |
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| Hypotonic; used for cellular dehydration |
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| What is the osmolality of D5W & what are 2 of its uses? |
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| Isotonic (hypotonic as glucose is utilized); provides free water & calories and helps kidneys excrete solutes |
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What is the osmolality of D10W & what is it used for? |
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| Hypertonic; provoides free water + calories |
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| What is 3.3% dextrose/0.3% NaCl (2/3 & 1/3) used for? |
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What is the general use for 5% dextrose/0.45% Nacl (D5/0.45)? |
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What is Ringer's solution used for? |
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| Used for replacement of electrolytes (i.e. burns, surgical or GI losses) |
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| Name the 5 IV bore sizes & their corresponding colours |
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#24 Yellow #22 Blue #20 Pink #18 Green #16 Grey |
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| What is the normal range for systolic & diastolic blood pressure? |
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Systolic: 90-140 mmHg Diastolic: 60-90 mmHg |
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pH: 7.35-7.45 HCO3: 21-27 mEq/L PaO2: 80-100 mmHg PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg O2 sat. 90-100% |
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| Where is the stomach located? |
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| Where is the spleen located? |
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| Under the diaphragm on the left side of the abdomen (to the left of the stomach) |
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| Where is the pancreas located? |
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| Behind the stomach (stretches obliquely across the posterior abdominal wall to the LUQ) |
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| Where are the kidneys located? |
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| Posterior to the abdominal contents at the 11th & 12th ribs |
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| Where is the liver located? |
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| Inferior to the diaphragm; occupies majority of RUQ |
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| Where is the gallbladder located? |
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| Located on the inferior (bottom part) of the liver |
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| Name the 3 regions of the small intestine |
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| Duodenum, jejenum, and ileum |
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| What 2 regions of the GI tract does the large intestine connect? |
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| Ileum (last portion of small intestine) & anus |
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| Name the sections/regions of the large intestine in order |
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| Cecum, ascending colon, tranverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus |
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| Where is the appendix roughly located? |
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| RLQ (attached to the cecum) |
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| Where is the urinary bladder located? |
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| Situated in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis |
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Describe the signs & symptoms of appendicitis |
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| Appendicitis typically starts as dull, diffuse pain in the periumbilical region that later shifts to severe, sharp, persistent pain & tenderness localized in RLQ (McBurney's point). Associated with anorexia, then nausea, vomiting, and fever. |
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| A positive response to rebound tenderness is associated with what condition & disorder? |
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| Peritneal inflammation, which accompanies appendicitis |
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| Describe how to palpate the liver |
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| Place left hand under patient's back on right side, parallel to the 11th & 12th ribs, and lift up to support abdominal contents. Place right hand on RUQ, with fingers parallel to midline. Push deeply down & under the right costal margin. Ask patient to take a deep breath - may or may not feel the edge of the liver. |
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Describe how to palpate the spleen *Not palpable unless infection or trauma is present |
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| Reach left hand over abdomen & behind left side at 11th & 12th ribs. Lift up for support. Place right hand obliquely on LUQ with fingertips pointing toward left axilla & just inferior to rib margin. Push hand deeply down & under left costal margin and ask person to take a deep breath. |
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| Splenomegaly occurs with what acute infection? |
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| Which heart sound is characteristic of systole? |
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| Which heart sound is characteristic of diastole? |
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| Which length of needle should be used for IM injections? |
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| Which length of needle should be used for SC injections? |
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| Needle diameter is measured by gauge. As the gauge becomes ___, the needle diameter becomes ___. |
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| Which gauge of needle is used for IM injections? |
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| Which gauge of needle is used for SC injections? |
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| Outline the steps for mixing 2 types of insulin in 1 syringe |
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1) Inject air into intermediate or long-acting insulin (cloudy). 2) Inject air into short-acting insulin (clear). Withdraw correct dose of insulin into syringe. 3) Withdraw correct dose of intermediate or long-acting insulin (cloudy). 4) Administer within 5 minutes of preparation. |
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