Term
What is the first step in BLS?
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Definition
| Ensure safety for yourself, the victim, and bystanders. Remove hazards before proceeding. |
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Term
| How do you check for a victim's responsiveness? |
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Definition
| Gently shake shoulders and ask loudly, "Are you alright?" If unresponsive, proceed to airway assessment. |
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Term
| Describe the head tilt-chin lift maneuver. |
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Definition
Place one hand on the forehead to tilt the head back, lift the chin with two fingers under the bony part to open the airway.
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Term
| How long should you assess breathing? |
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Definition
| Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. Agonal gasps are not normal breathing. |
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Term
| What action follows confirming unresponsiveness and abnormal breathing? |
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Definition
| Call 999 (or delegate if helpers are present) and send someone to fetch an AED. |
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Term
| What is the correct hand position for chest compressions? |
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Definition
| Heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum, interlock the other hand on top. Avoid pressure on ribs/abdomen. |
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Term
| What are the key metrics for effective compressions? |
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Definition
Depth: 5–6 cm.
Rate: 100–120 compressions/minute.
Allow full chest recoil between compressions. |
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Term
| What is the compression-to-rescue breath ratio? |
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Definition
| 30:2 (30 compressions followed by 2 breaths). Minimize interruptions (<10 seconds for breaths). |
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Term
| How to perform rescue breaths effectively? |
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Definition
| Pinch the nose, seal the mouth, blow steadily for 1 second until the chest rises. Repeat once. |
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Term
| When should you use compression-only CPR? |
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Definition
| If untrained/unable to give rescue breaths, perform continuous compressions at 100–120/min. |
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Term
| What steps follow AED arrival? |
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Definition
Turn on AED and attach pads to bare chest.
Follow voice prompts: analyze rhythm (ensure no one touches the victim).
Deliver shock if advised, then immediately resume CPR. |
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Term
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Definition
A professional takes over.
You’re exhausted.
The victim wakes up, moves, or breathes normally. |
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Term
| Describe the recovery position. |
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Definition
Kneel beside the victim.
Extend the near arm at 90°, bend the far arm across the chest.
Bend the far knee, roll the victim toward you.
Tilt head back to maintain airway. |
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Term
| Why avoid compressions over the ribs/upper abdomen? |
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Definition
| Prevents rib fractures and ensures force is directed to the heart for effective circulation. |
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Term
| What is a critical teaching point about AED pads? |
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Definition
| Attach to bare chest; follow visual/audio instructions. Continue CPR while placing pads. |
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Term
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Definition
| "DRS ABC" (Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, Circulation). |
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