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Basic Genetics
Definitions of Key Terms
21
Biology
11th Grade
11/21/2013

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Term
GENE [image]
Definition

A basic unit of inheritance OR a segment of a DNA molecule containing all the triplet codes needed to produce a specific protein

Term
Allele
Definition
Alternate form of a gene
Term
Dominant allele
Definition
A gene that hides the recessive gene in hybrid organisms
Term
Recessive allele
Definition
A gene that is masked by the dominant gene in hybrid organisms
Term
Characteristic
Definition
A hereditary feature (eg. the shape of a face)
Term
Trait
Definition
A variant of each characteristic (eg. brown or blue eyes)
Term
Autosomal inheritance
Definition
Phenotypical characteristics that are inherited via the autosomes from parents regardless of parents sex
Term
Autosomes
Definition
Non-sex chromosome
Term
Sex chromosomes
Definition
Chromosomes that carry genes that determine the sex of an organism
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The manifested physical and physiological traits of an organism
Term
Genotype
Definition
The genetic make-up of an individual
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Identical genes in one pair for a characteristic (eg. BB or bb)
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Two different genes in one pair for a characteristic (Bb or Cc)
Term
Co-dominant
Definition
Neither gene dominates
Term
Pure breeding
Definition
Pedigrees-Organisms containing the same genes for a characteristic
Term
Homologous chromosomes
Definition
Similar chromosomes-they have the same shape and size
Term
Locus
Definition
Position of a gene on a chromosome
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