Shared Flashcard Set

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Basic Esthetics
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135
Other
Not Applicable
03/15/2011

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Cards

Term
Define MSDS
Definition
Material Safety Data Sheet. MSDS includes information about hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of harm and overexposure, flammability and data in case of a fire, proper disposal guidelines, and medical information should anyone have a reaction to the product.
Term
Hospital grade and tuberculocidal disinfectants will kill...
Definition
Viruses, fungi, and bacteria
Term
Staphylococci
Definition
Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters similar to grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils. Also food poison and toxic shock syndrome.
Term
Streptococci
Definition
Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines like a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning.
Term
Diplococci
Definition
("Di" meaning "two") Sperical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.
Term
Cocci
Definition
Round-shaped bacteria that appear either alone or in the following groups: Staphylococci, streptococci, Diplococci.
Term
Bacilli
Definition
Short, rod-shaped bacteria. The most common bacteia, bacilli produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria.
Term
Spirilla
Definition
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that are subdivided into subgroups, such as Treponema pallida, which causes syphilis, and STD, or Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease.
Term
Isopropyl alcohol must contain no less than _% strength to disinfect tools.
Definition
99%
Term
Sodium hypochlorite
Definition
Household bleach.
Term
What can pathogenic bacteria do?
Definition
Cause an infection.
Term
How are cocci transmitted?
Definition
In the air, dust, or within the substances in which they settle.
Term
Protoplasm
Definition
Colorless, jelly-like substance in cells where food elements and water are present.
Term
Anabolism
Definition
Constructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. During this process, the body stores water, food, and oxygen for the time when these substances will be needed for cell growth and repair.
Term
Catabolism
Definition
Destructive metabolism. The phase of metabolism in which complex compounds within the cells are broken down into smaller ones. This process releases energy that is stored by special molecules to be used in muslce contractions, body secretions, or heat production.
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body. Examples of connective tissue are bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia (which separates muscles), and fat or adipose tissue. Collagen and elastin are protein fibers also located in the connective tissue.
Term
Epithelial tissue
Definition
A protective covering on body surfaces. Examples are skin, mucous membranes, and the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands.
Term
Muscular tissue
Definition
Contracts and moves the various parts of the body.
Term
Nerve tissue
Definition
Carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions. Nerve tissue to composed of special cells known as neurons, which make up the nerves, brain, and spinal cord.
Term
How many major systems are there in the human body and what are they?
Definition
11 major systems in the human body. They include: Circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretory, integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, lymphatic or immune.
Term
How many bones in the human body?
Definition
206
Term
Where are white and red blood cells produced?
Definition
In the skeletal system.
Term
How many bones does the human head contain?
Definition
22 bones divided into two groups: the cranium and the facial bones. The cranium has 8 bones and the face has 14 bones including the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw).
Term
What bones form the shoulder?
Definition
Clavicle and scapula.
Term
How many muscles are found in the human body?
Definition
The human body has over 600 muscles, which are responsible for about 40% of the body's weight. 30 of over 600 muscles are facial muscles.
Term
Humerus
Definition
The uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder.
Term
Ulna
Definition
The inner and larger bone of the forearm (lower arm), attatched to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger.
Term
Radius
Definition
the smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb.
Term
Carpus
Definition
The wrist, a flexible joint composed of 8 small, irregluar bones (carpals) held together by ligaments.
Term
Metacarpus
Definition
The palm, consisting of five long, slender bones called metacarpal bones.
Term
Phalanges
Definition
The bones in the fingers, three in each finger and two in each thumb, totalling 14 bones.
Term
Risorius
Definition
The muscle that draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning.
Term
Buccinator
Definition
The thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips, as in when blowing a whistle.
Term
Mentalis
Definition
The muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrikles the skin of the chin.
Term
Zygomaticus major and minor..
Definition
Muslces extending from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth that elevate the lip, as in laughing.
Term
Motor or efferent nerves
Definition
They carry impulses from the brain to the muscles. The transmitted impulses produce movement.
Term
Sensory or afferent nerves
Definition
Carry impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain, where the sensations of touch, cold, heat, sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain, and pressure are experienced.
Term
Mixed nerves
Definition
Mixed nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers and have the ability to send and recieve messages.
Term
Nerves
Definition
Nerves supply every square inch of the human body. They are whitish cords, made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted. Nerves have their origin in the brain and spinal cord and send their branches out to all parts of the body.
Term
Branches of the fifth cranial nerve that are affected by facial or lymphatic massage:
Definition
1.) Auriculotemporal nerve, which affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull.
2.)Infraorbital nerve, affects the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip, and mouth.
3.)Infratrochlear nerve, affects the membrane of the skin and nose.
4.)Mental nerve, affects the skin of the lower lip and chin.
5.)Nasal nerve, affect the point and lower side of the nose.
6.)Supraorbital nerve, affects the skin of the forhead, scalp, eyebrow and upper eyelid.
7.)Supratrochlear nerve, affects the skin between the eyes and upper side of the nose.
8.)Zygomatic nerve, affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek.
Term
How many cranial nerves arise from the base of the brain and the brain stem?
Definition
12
Term
Fifth cranial nerve
Definition
Also known as the trifacial or trigeminal nerve. It is the chief sensory nerve of the face, and it serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that contol chewing. It cosists of 3 branches: ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary.
Term
Seventh (facial) cranial nerve
Definition
The chief motor nerve of the face. It emerges near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck. Its divisions and their branches supply and control all the muscles of facial expressions and secretions of saliva.
Term
The most important branches of the facial nerve are:
Definition
1.)The buccal nerve-affects the muscles of the mouth.
2.)The cervical nerves-affect the side of the neck and the platysma muscle.
3.)The mandibular nerve-affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip.
4.)The posterior auricular nerve-affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull.
5.)The temporal nerve-affects the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, and upper part of the cheek.
6.)The zygomatic nerve (upper and lower)-affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek.
Term
Greater auricular nerve
Definition
Located at the side of the neck, affects the face, ears, neck and parotid gland.
Term
What does the infratrochlear nerve affect?
Definition
The membrane of the nose.
Term
How many pints of blood is there in the human body?
Definition
8-10
Term
The endocrine system contains what?
Definition
Glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body.
Term
What is the primary protection for the respiratory system?
Definition
The ribs.
Term
Blood
Definition
Blood carries water, oxygen, food, and secretions to all cells of the body. It is a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system. There are 8-10 pints of blood in the human body, accounting for about one-tenth of the body's weight. Blood is approximately 80% water.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.
Term
Muscles of the eyebrow include:
Definition
The orbicularis oculi and corrugator
Term
The epicranius muscle includes:
Definition
The occipitalis and the frontalis.
Term
What are dendrites?
Definition
Nerve fibers that recieve impulses from other neurons.
Term
What are the principal veins of the head, face, and neck?
Definition
Internal and external jugular veins.
Term
Where does the supraorbital artery supply blood to?
Definition
The upper eyelid and forehead.
Term
The infraorbital artery is responsible for:
Definition
Supplying blood to the eye muscles.
Term
Anatomy
Definition
The study of the structures of the body that can be seen with the naked eye.
Term
Physiology
Definition
The study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures.
Term
Histology
Definition
Microscopic anatomy
Term
Why is metabolism essential to all living organisms?
Definition
Because it nourishes the cell
Term
Identify the primary role of connective tissue.
Definition
Supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body.
Term
Bones of the cranium include:
Definition
Sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital.
Term
What is the thorax (chest) made up of?
Definition
Sternum (breast bone), spine, ribs, and connective cartilage
Term
What does the muscular system do?
Definition
Covers skeleton tissue.
Term
Muscle tissue includes:
Definition
Striated, nonstriated and cardiac.
Term
Supinators
Definition
Muscles that rotate the radius outward and the palm upward.
Term
What does the cerebrum do?
Definition
Sends messages such as thought, hearing, and sight.
Term
The respiratory system is composed of:
Definition
The lungs and diaphram.
Term
What is the lightest element on earth?
Definition
Hydrogen.
Term
What is the most abundant element found on earth?
Definition
Oxygen.
Term
Four-fifths of the atmosphere is made up of:
Definition
Nitrogen.
Term
Suspensions
Definition
Uniform mixtures of two or more substances.
Term
Solutions
Definition
Uniform mixtures of two or more mutually mixable substances.
Term
Solute
Definition
Any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solution.
Term
Solvent
Definition
Any substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution.
Term
Light therapy is another name for:
Definition
Phototherapy
Term
Primary electrical modalities used in esthetics include:
Definition
Galvanic, faradic, Sinosoidal, and Tesla high-frequency.
Term
Anaphoresis
Definition
Process of desincrustation or forcing negative liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole; and alkaline, stimulating reaction.
Term
Cataphoresis
Definition
Process of forcing positive, acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole; tightens and calms the skin.
Term
A gram of fat contains how many calories?
Definition
9 calories.
Term
What percentage of water does the body contain?
Definition
50-70%
Term
What do carbohydrates do?
Definition
Break down basic chemical sugars that supply energy for the body.
Term
Cells use riboflavin for what?
Definition
To manufacture various amino acids and fatty acids.
Term
Acid Mantle
Definition
The barrier function of the skin. Made up of protective lipids and secretions on top of the skin.
Term
Stratum Corneum
Definition
The top, outermost layer of the epidermis. Very thin, yet it is waterproof, permeable, regenerates itself, detoxifies the body, and responds to stimuli. It is referred to as the horny layer because of it's scale-like cells made primarily of soft keratin called keratinocytes.
The keratinocytes harden and become corneocytes (the protective cells). Also found here are squamous cells (flat cells) that protect other layers.
Term
Stratum Lucidum
Definition
A clear layer under the stratum corneum. It is a translucent layer made of small cells that let light pass through. This layer is found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It is composed of epidermal ridges that provide a better grip while walking and using our hands. This layer forms our finger/footprints.
Term
Stratum granulosum
Definition
Composed of cells that resemble granules that are filled with keratin. The production on keratin and intercellular lipids takes place here. When these cells become keratinized they move to the surface and replace the cells shed from the stratum corneum.
Term
Stratum spinosum
Definition
A spiny layer about the basal layer. Cells change here to a hook-like form, and enzymes are creating lipids and proteins. Cell appendages become desmosomes (the structures that assist in strengthening and holding cells together. Immune cells are also found here.
Term
Stratum germinativum
Definition
AKA the basal layer of the epidermis, it is the live layer of the epidermis located above the papillary layer of the dermis, composed of basal cells. Cell mitosis occurs continuously in this layer. Cells here produce lipids that hold the cells together. The basal layer also contains melanocytes (cells that produce melanin).
Term
Which glands excrete sweat and detoxify the body?
Definition
Sudoriferous glands.
Term
What do free radicals cause?
Definition
Inflammation.
Term
What is the average square footage and weight of an adult's skin?
Definition
22 square feet; 8-10 pounds.
Term
Physiology is most accurately described as:
Definition
The study of the internal workings of living organisms.
Term
The sebaceous glads do what for the skin?
Definition
Help keep the skin soft and protected from outside elements.
Term
Acne
Definition
Chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands.
Term
Telengiectasia
Definition
The medical term for a distended capillary.
Term
Phytotherapy
Definition
The use of plant extracts for therapeutic benefit
Term
Natural ingredients that can positively impact mature skin include:
Definition
Green tea, squalene oil, and dipotassium.
Term
Cleansing gels:
Definition
Detergent-type foaming cleansers that are good for oily skin.
Term
Effleurage involves:
Definition
A soft, continuous stroking movement applied with fingers and palms in a slow and rhythmic manner.
Term
Petrissage
Definition
A kneading movement that stimulates the underlying tissues. The tissues are lifted from their underlying structures and are squeezed, rolled or pinched with a light, firm pressure. Fulling is a form of petrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out. It is used mainly for massaging the arms.
Term
Petrissage
Definition
A kneading movement that stimulates the underlying tissues. The tissues are lifted from their underlying structures and are squeezed, rolled or pinched with a light, firm pressure. Fulling is a form of petrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out. It is used mainly for massaging the arms.
Term
Friction
Definition
A rubbing movement. Pressure is maintained on the skin while the fingers or palms are moved over the underlying structures. Frictions stimulates the circular and glandular activity of the skin. Chucking, rolling, and wringing are all variations of friction movements used mainly on the arms and legs.
Term
Two significant reactions caused by galvanic current are:
Definition
Chemical and ionic.
Term
Trichology
Definition
The scientific study of hair and it's diseases.
Term
Hair follicle
Definition
A mass of epidermal cells extending down into the dermis forming a tube.
Term
What is another name for hair follicle?
Definition
Pilosebaceous Follicle.
Term
Where is hair growth is created:
Definition
From the activity of cells in the basal layer.
Term
Lanugo
Definition
Hair found on a fetus.
Term
Vellus hair
Definition
Short, fine, downy hair.
Term
Hirsutism
Definition
Excessive hair growth.
Term
The menopause moustache is caused by:
Definition
Adrenocortical activity
Term
Electrolysis methods for hair removal include:
Definition
Galvanic, thermolysis, and blend.
Term
Depilation
Definition
A process of removing hair at or near the level of the skin. Both shaving and chemical depilation are included in this category.
Term
Epilation
Definition
The process of removing hair from the bottom of the follicle by breaking contact between the bulb and the papilla. The hair is pulled out of the follicle.
Term
Medical term for ingrown hair:
Definition
Folliculitis barbae.
Term
Common ingerdients added to waxes are:
Definition
Azulene, chamomile, and tea tree oil.
Term
Basic wax supplies include:
Definition
Wax, wax warmer, pre- and post-epilation solutions, muslin or pellon, thread, scissors, cotton supplies, gloves, disposable lancets, tweezers and guaze.
Term
Pellon
Definition
A fiber-like marerial that does not shred or stretch.
Term
Post-waxing materials include:
Definition
Products with antiseptic and soothing properties and hair growth inhibitors.
Term
LED deviced are used to treat:
Definition
(Light-emitting diode) is used to treat acne.
Term
Foundation commonly includes:
Definition
Water, stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, mineral oil, propylene glycol, lanolin derivatives, and insoluble pigments.
Term
Sclerotherapy involves...
Definition
Minimizing varicose veins.
Term
Rhytidectomy is a:
Definition
Facelift.
Term
Define OSHA
Definition
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. OSHA was created as part of the U.S. Department of Labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in the work place.
Term
What type of skin tend to make keloids?
Definition
Dark skin.
Term
The disinfectant you choose must have these 3 qualities:
Definition
It must be bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal.
Term
Bacteria
Definition
One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful, some are harmless. Also known as microbes or germs.
Term
Cilia
Definition
Hairlike extensions that protrude from cells and help to sweep away fluids from particles.
Term
Flagella
Definition
Long threads attached to the cell to help it move.
Term
Describe the life cycle of bacteria
Definition
The life cycle of bacteria consists of two distinct phases: the active and the inactive or spore-forming stage.
The Active Stage: bacteria grow and reproduce. Bacteria multiply best in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places where food is available. When bacteria mature they divide into two new cells called daughter cells. When conditions become infavorable the bacteria either die or become inactive.

The Inactive or Spore-forming stage: certain bacteria, such as anthrax or tetanus bacilli, coat themselves with waxy outer shells that are able to withstand famine, dryness, and unsuitable temperatures. In this stage, spores can be blown about and not harmed by disinfectants, heat, or cold. When conditions are restored, the spores change into active form and begin to grow and reproduce.
Term
Define pus
Definition
Pus is a fluid created by tissue inflammation, that contains white blood cells, the debris of dead cells, tissue elements and bacteria.
Term
What is a general infection? Local infection?
Definition
A general infection results when the bloodstream carries the bacteria or virus and their toxins to all parts of the body. AIDS is an example.

A local infection, such as a pimple or abscess is one that is confined to a particular part of the body and is indicated by a lesion containing pus.
Term
What is a virus?
Definition
A microscopic organism, capable of infesting almost all plants and animals, including bacteria. In humans, viruses cause the common cold, influenza, herpes, measles, chicken pox, smallpox, hepatitis, polio and AIDS.
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