Term
| What is the general structure of an atom, in terms of the three major subatomic particles and their relative location? |
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Definition
| Protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are grouped together in the nucleus of an atom, while the electrons orbit about the nucleus. |
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Term
| What information about the subatomic particles is provided by the atomic number? |
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Definition
it tells us the number of protons in the nucleus of each element
ex: Hydrogen atoms have 1 proton and all carbon atoms have 6 protons
in addition, since have a neutral charge, the atomic number also tells us the number of electrons |
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Term
| If you subtract the atomic number from the atomic weight, what is the interpretation of the answer? |
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Definition
| it gives no significance to subtract an average mass from the number of protons |
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Term
| What is the chemical symbol for Hydrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chemical symbol for Carbon? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the chemical symbol for Nitrogen?
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chemical symbol for Nitrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chemical symbol for Oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the chemical symbol for Potassium?
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chemical symbol for Chlorine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chemical symbol for Chlorine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chemical symbol for Calcium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chemical symbol for Sodium? |
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Definition
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Term
| State the element that has an atomic number of 12 and an atomic mass number of 31? |
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Definition
1. Mg-MAgnesium
2. P-Phosphorus |
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Term
| Why, in terms of subatomic particles, are atoms of elements: electrically neutral:(the overall electrical charge is zero)? |
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Definition
| because they contain equal quantities of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons. |
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Term
| Distinguish between an ion and an isotope. which one involves significant changes in the atomic mass? |
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Definition
| Isotopes are versions of a particular element that have different number of neutrons. Ions are atoms (or molecules) that have lost or gained electrons and have an electrical charge. Isotopes involve neutrons. |
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Term
| Explain the general purpose of the "shell/orbital model" of an atom? |
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Definition
| It provides a more accurate picture of the electron configuration of an atom. |
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Term
| Distinguish between atoms, elements, molecules, mixtures and compounds? |
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Definition
An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist. Molecules are made up of two or more than two atoms.
Element is made up of large number similar types of atoms.
Compounds is made up of a large number of molecules. |
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Term
| Which subatomic particle interacts between atoms to form a chemical bond? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the three types of chemical bonds discussed in your textbook?
How are they different from one another?
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Definition
Ionic,Covalent,and Hydrogen bonds
Covalent bond -two atoms share one or more electrons
Hydrogen bond-is a relatively weak bond between two opposites partially charged sides of two or more molecules.
Ionic bond -when an atom loses or gains electrons it becomes electrically charged.
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Term
| What is a polar covalent bond? |
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Definition
| When atoms with different electronegatively share electrons in a covalent bond. |
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Term
| Distinguish between a polar and non-polar covalent bond. |
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Definition
| A non-polar covalent bond is a bond in which the electron pair is shared equally between the two bonded atoms while a polar covalent bond is a bond in which the electron pair is shared unequally between the two bonded atoms. |
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Term
| What is hydrophobic? (in Chemistry) |
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Definition
| is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Classify the following as hydrophilic or hydrophobic substances: sugar, salt, and cooking oil? |
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Definition
Sugar- hydrophilic
Salt- Hydrophobic
Cooking oil-Hydrophobic |
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Term
| What is meant by the term evaporation? |
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Definition
| the act or process of evaporating, a change from liquid to vapor. |
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Term
| How does evaporation of water occur? |
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Definition
| when sunlight warms the surface of the water, the heat from the sun makes the water molecules move faster and faster until they move so fast, they escape as a gas |
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Term
| Explain the phrase," Water is a good Solvent"? |
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Definition
| Meaning it can dissolve different kinds of molecules, and it dissolves more substances than any other liquid. ionic substances and as well as polar covalent bond |
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Term
| Why would this property of water be important to you (in a biological sense) |
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Definition
| water is essential for digesting proteins into amino acids and in photosynthesis and digestion |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the PH scale? |
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Definition
| is used to describe the acidity of a solution |
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Term
| How is the PH scale organized? |
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Definition
Ph of less than 7 indicates acidity, whereas pH of greater than 7 indicates a base.
PH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions of water |
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Term
| As the concentration of H+ ions in a solution increases, what happens to the ph? |
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Definition
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Term
| As the concentration of OH- ions in a solution decreases, what happens to the pH? |
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Definition
| hydroxide ion concentration decreases |
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Term
Classify each of the following pH values as: acidic, basic, or neutral
a.9
b.4
c.6
d.7
e.12 |
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Definition
a. basic
b. Acidic
c. neutral
d .Neutral
e. basic solution |
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Term
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Definition
| are solutions that moderate pH changes when an acid or base is added to the buffer system. they also maintain the constant pH conditions |
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Term
| What is the buffer biological function? |
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Definition
| to maintain the intracellular and extracellular pH within a very narrow range and resist changes in pH in the presence of internal and external influences. |
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Term
| Explain how salt can form via the chemical reaction of hydrochloric acid (HC1) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) |
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Definition
Positive sodium ions form NaOH and negative chloride ions form HCL combine to form the salt sodium chloride commonly called table salt.
Sodium chloride is the name of the salt formed in this reaction.!! |
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Term
| a chemical compound that denotes H+ ions to solutions |
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Definition
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Term
| A compound that accepts H+ ions and removes them from solution |
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Definition
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Term
| Which subatomic particle determines the chemical properties of an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between an atom and an ion? Give examples of each to support your response? |
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Definition
Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down.
Ions are electrically charged particles found when an atom loses or gains electrons
Ex: Electrolytes in sport beverages help to hydrate the body
Potassium ions help to regulate heart and muscle function |
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