Term
| What were the four episodes that have dramatically altered the way farmers work and the way people eat? |
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Definition
| The first conscious cultivation of plants, the Industrial Revolution, the Green Revolution, and the Biotechnologic Revolution |
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Term
| During the past how many years did agriculture become and endeavor or enormous proportions, with dramatic consequences for the earth's physical and human geography? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where would most Americans probably say agriculture originated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What four places are included in today's Fertile Crescent? |
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Definition
| Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey |
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Term
| Where do Europeans think the birthplace of agriculture was because most of their crops and agricultural practices from there? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Agriculture was invented? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three different types of economies that traditionally govern agricultural production and distribution? |
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Definition
| Subsistence agricultural economies, commercial agricultural economies,planned agricultural economies |
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Term
| What type of farming generally prevails in the United States? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what type of countries do governments encourage, and sometimes even demand, that farmers produce export commodities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of economy did the world's first farmers operate under? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of people are mainly found in the dry, mountainous areas of Africa and Asia, where harsh climates render cultivation unfeasible? |
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Definition
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Term
| What form of agriculture is currently experiencing rapid decline as various economic, physical, and cultural changes force these people to change their livelihood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What controls most of the world's current agricultural activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was an important female agricultural geographer, who formalized the transition from extensive subsistence forms of agriculture to more intensive cultivation of the land necessary to support greater populations. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who viewed population growth as a positive force driving agricultural innovations that could support more people? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did Boserup's view contrast to? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many stages of progression does Esther Boserup's model propose in which each stage represents a significant increase in both the intensity of the cultivation system and the number of families it can support? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is stage 1 of Boserup's model? |
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Definition
| Forest-fallow cultivation, 20-25 yrs of letting fields lie fallow after 1-2 yrs of cultivation |
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Term
| What is stage 2 of Boserup's model? |
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Definition
| Bush-fallow cultivation, farmers cultivate the land for 2-8 yrs. followed by a fallow period of 6-10 yrs. |
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Term
| What is stage 3 of Boserup's model? |
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Definition
| The fallow period shortens to just 1-2 yrs between cultivated periods |
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Term
| What is stage 4 of Boserup's model? |
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Definition
| Farmers being annual cropping leaving the land fallow for only several months between plantings. |
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Term
| What is stage 5 of Boserup's model? |
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Definition
| (Most intensive system) Multicropping the same plot bears several crops a year with little or no fallow period |
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Term
| During the modern era, how many pivotal periods in history of agriculture have their been? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many components of the Industrial Revolution were particularly important for the transformation of agriculture in Western Europe and North America? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the first component of the Industrial Revolution that was important for the transformation of agriculture in W. Europe and N. America? |
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Definition
| Millions of people migrated from rural areas into the cities of France, England, Germany, and the U.S. which created enormous new markets for the agricultural products produced in adjacent rural areas |
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Term
| What was the second component of the Industrial Revolution that was important for the transformation of agriculture in W. Europe and N. America? |
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Definition
| Mechanization replaced human hands with agricultural technology, allowing farmers to produce more crops with less work. |
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Term
| What was the third component of the Industrial Revolution that was important for the transformation of agriculture in W. Europe and N. America? |
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Definition
| Increased access to efficient forms of transportation, such as trains and steamboats, allowed farmers to ship their products farther at a lower cost. |
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Term
| Between what two years did the three factors revolutionize faring in the newly industrialized world? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has been the most important trend in modern agriculture? |
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Definition
| The development of multinational agribusinesses. |
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Term
| What 3 states gave birth to many agribusiness conglomerates during the first half of the 20th century, and these corporations have since expanded to Africa, SE Asia, and Latin America? |
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Definition
| California, Florida, Texas |
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Term
| What type of production takes multiple forms and can be divided up into two major categories: livestock ranching and dairying? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of production includes wheat and corn and occurs in the North American Great Plains and in southern Russia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of production grows crops such as sugarcane and coffee, and are widespread throughout the tropics, in Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of production is extremely diverse, and the particular forms it takes depends largely on climate? |
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Definition
| Mixed and Specialty Crop Farming |
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Term
| Who described one particularly important model of the regional distribution of agriculture during the 19th century? |
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Definition
| Johann Heinrich von Thunen |
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