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Baroque Music History
Final Exam Study Session
99
Music
Graduate
12/13/2010

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Term
BAROQUE
Definition
"MISSHAPEN"
UNBALANCED MUSIC
NOT AS SYMMETRICAL
LOTS OF ORNAMENTATION
MANY PARALLELISMS TO JAZZ
Term
PASSION
Definition
LIKE AN ORATORIO
PERFORMED DURING HOLY WEEK (Good Fri.)
soloists are story characters
vocal with instrumental accompaniment
Bach's: St. John, St. Matthew
(Bach's St. Mark is missing)
Term
ORATORIO
Definition
Biblical text
similar to unstaged opera
liturgical

Caririssimi called his oratorios "concertato motets"

popularized during Handel's time because it was cheaper to perform than operas
Term
OPERA
Definition
literally Italian for "work"

Florentine Camerata invented it - monody style ("Daphne" or "Orfeo"

mythical stories set to music, love stories, historical, staged

sung throughout with instrumental interludes called "sinfonias"

earliest: there are Chorus sections, solo or conversation sections (aria and recitative like)...text is most important...no theaters, performed in big rooms, usually for weddings.
Term
CANTATA
Definition
literally means "sung"

Secular subject (except Bach's were religious)

tells a story in strophic form

early: use poetry or story
for solo voice and basso continuo, short (3-10 min) and not heavily ornamented

after 1700, later:
pattern is recit-aria (alternating)
through composed, no clear sections

Bach- wrote sacred ones based on chorale tunes, only 60% survive, librettist(s) unknown, in Leipzig he tried to write 60 each year, in Weimar he tried to write one a month (Ger cantata) Secular-lost many, concert series in coffee house for the Collegium Musicum
Handel (Ger cantata)
Telemann wrote 1100+ (Ger cantata)
Heinchen (Ger cantatas)
Hasse(Ger cantatas)
Boismortier & Rameau (French cantatas)
A. Scarlatti-wrote 600 (It cantatas)
Stradella (It cantatas)
Term
Bach's Cantata Arias
Definition
1 vocal soloists plus one instrumental soloist (usually)
Term
French Overture
Definition
SLOW - FAST - SLOW
overdotted fugal overdotted

(usually precede a French opera)
Term
Monody
Definition
single solo vocal line with simple accompaniment (early Baroque)

Caccini and Monteverdi ("Orfeo" is an example
c. 1600 -opposite of Renaissance polyphony

Florentine Camerata credited with the birth of this idea
Term
word painting
Definition
found in MADRIGALS (late Renaissance)
Term
Florentine Camerata
Definition
group in Florence Italy made up of composers, poets, musicians, artists, and scientists - idealized the ancient Greeks

met in home of Count Bardi

Galileo's father was a lute player and a member

started opera

Caccini (Daphne) and Peri (Orfeo) were members
Term
royal privilege
Definition
combination between a copyright and a monopoly given by the king, usually in France. Lully had a royal privileged for opera.
Term
MADRIGAL
Definition
pholyphonic, word painting, Monteverdi, secular, vocal, usually short
Term
CORI SPEZZATI
Definition
literally "choirs in space"
split choirs, poly choral, stereo, included both vocal and instrumental playing "colla parte" doubling the voices

Gabrielli - Venice
Term
Aria VS. Recitative
Definition
Aria: ornamented, monologue, reacting, thinking, mourning...music: melodic, thicker accompnaiment, ritornellos, instrumental interludes. Elaborate song with instrumental accompaniment intended for reflection.

Recitative: sung speech, thin accompaniment, held notes, cadences (many), moves the plot forward, easily understood, simple accompaniment
Term
Da Capo Aria
Definition
ABA Aria

A. Scarlatti invented and put them in cantatas and operas

Final A section is ornamented
Term
CASTRATI
Definition
unethical surgery was performed on young boys to make their voices high and satisfy the Baroque Italian craving for treble sounds. Women couldn't participate in church or stage except in Venice...Italian, early 1600s on
Term
CONCERTO GROSSO
Definition

tutti sandwiching an ensemble of soloists

alternating sections (ritornello) by orchestra and solo group.

Bach's Brandenberg Concertos Corelli Christmas Concerto Form:

-ORCHESTRA -

-SOLO GROUP-

- ORCHESTRA-

- SOLO GROUP-

- ORCHESTRA-

(can have as many sections as composer wants but must start and end with orchestra Orchestra: ritornellos (same thing each time, though sometimes slightly different...more about motives than a large theme)

Term
CRAB or PUZZLE CANON
Definition
The Musical Offering by Bach: instructions were in riddles, inspired by Fredrick the Great, Prussia

Crab: two players, one reads from each end and play in opposite directions

Puzzle: play them upside down, backwards, in a mirror, etc.
Term
Concerto
Definition
Orchestra ritornellos interspersed with solos...
Vivaldi, Corelli, & Albinoni. Torelli wrote 2. Started in Italy. common solo instruments were: woodwind, brass, keyboard, violin and cello.

Vivaldi influenced Telemann and Bach & his sons in terms of concerto genre which later influenced concertos of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.

Became standardized by 1720s...
Term
Corelli
Definition
solo sonatas, trio sonatas, concerto grosso and a lot for the violin since he played it. Bach studied Corelli and arranged his pieces.
Term
BASSO CONTINUO
Definition
bass line (lute, theorbo, harpsichord, organ)...usually played by one chordal instrument and one solo bass instrument playing from figured bass. ("Rhythm section")
Term
TOCATTA
Definition
(organ) imitative, filler, contrapuntal, improvised, virtuosic

strictly keyboard form
Term
FUGUE
Definition
subject/answer
strict form w/ imitation
Bach was the master
Term
RICERCAR
Definition
like a toccatta, imitative form, contrapuntal (organ)

early Baroque

literally "to search out"

serve a preludial function to search out a key or motif

early kind of fugue of a serious character and long note values
Term
(chorale) fantasy
Definition
based on choral hymns, GERMANY

chorale: set up the congregation to sing
fantasy: was longer and highly ornamented
Term
SONATA
Definition
literally "to sound"

usually in binary form: ABAB

first referred to instrumental music as opposed to the word "cantata"

trio sonata is 2 violins and basso continuo

early: da chiesa (church) & da camera (chamber/home)
Term
Who was the first person to title their piece a sonata? (Bonus question)
Definition
Giovanni Gabrielli

(sonata pianoforte-first to use word "sonata," first to mark dynamics, and first to specify what instrument played what.)
Term
da chiesa
Definition
church type of sonata

slow-fast-slow-fast

(no dance movements because not dancing in church)
Term
da camera
Definition
chamber sonata or home sonata-
dance movements (or "suites")

-gigue, sarabande, courante, bouree, minuet, prelude, allamande, polonaise, gavotte
Term
SUITE
Definition

"suite de dances" ordered set of instrumental or orchestral pieces normally performed in a concert setting rather than as accompaniment Froberger founder of suite form: four DANCE movements, usually: Allemande

Courante

Sarabande

Gigue

Term
order of SUITE
Definition
* Prelude
* Allemande - Literally translates from French as the word 'German'. It is a stately German dance with a meter of 4/4.
* Courante or Corrente - A Courante is a lively French dance in 3/4 time, Italian dance in quick 3/4.
* Sarabande - A Sarabande is a slow, stately Spanish dance in 3/4 time.
* Intermezzi - This section consists of two to four dances at the discretion of the composer that may include a Minuet, Bouree, Polonaise, and/or a Gavotte.
* Gigue or giga - The Gigue or 'Jig' originates in England, and is a fast dance, normally with a meter of 6/8. The Italian giga is rarer than the gigue, and is faster with running passages over a harmonic basis.
Term
ritornello
Definition
orchestral repetition before and after solo passages in a concerto or concerto grosso...always first and last and between each solo section...motivic!~
Term
TEMPERAMENT
Definition
tuning system which slightly compromises the pure intervals of just intonation in order to meet other requirements of the system

Well tempered-all keys can be used but some are more in tune than others

Even tempered- what we use modernly

Mean-tone tempered-used in Renaissance, tuned to perfect fifths, Pythagorian tuning, circle of fifths won't close
Term
Alessandro Scarlatti
Definition
Italian vocal composer

1660-1725
ROME

spent time in Spain

wrote 600 cantatas
most involve one amateur singer as soloist

wrote 100 operas

good harpsichord player-but not as good as nephew Dominico...

credited with invented Da Capo Aria

wrote in STILE ANTICO - or "ancient style" -similar to prima prattica but earlier and about church music
Term
Monteverdi
Definition
1567-1643 Venice, Italy (starting in 1609) St. Mark's Cathedral His work transitioned the Renaissance into the Baroque wrote about: PRIMMA PRATTICA & SEGUNDA PRATTICA (he invented segunda prattica) Wrote "L'Orfeo" in Manchua 1609 - sung throughout with instrumental interludes called sinfonia. Either solo or conversational singing, with text most important. MONODY-no duets. Unlike the Greek myth, Monteverdi's ends happily because it was for a wedding. ALSO WROTE: The "Coronation of Poppea" Not a choirboy-unusual for most musicians published volumes of madrigals and motets
Term
Prima prattica
Definition
Renaissance

polyphonic

a capella

small groups (4-8 voices)

rigid dissonance rules

text not as important, harder to understand

word painting- think madrigals
Term
Segunda prattica
Definition
Baroque

text most important

MONODY

doctrine of affections-idea of the music serving an assigned emotion

Caccini's Nuove Musiche-outlined Florentine Camerata's ideals for the segunda prattica, and the music they thought was performed by the ancient Greeks

greater freedom
Term
Name the two major French opera composers of the Baroque who held royal privilidge.
Definition
Lully and Rameau
Term
Lully
Definition
1632-1687

Paris, France

worked for Louis XIV

directed 24 Violins of the King

originally for Italy...the most French Italian man ever. Changed name from Lulli to Lully when in 1661 he became a French citizen

Dancer, violinist, played guitar

collaborated with Moliere, they did "comic ballet"

Was given royal privilege for opera, but bought out the one for theater. In charge of all productions until his death.

Kept time by pounding stick on the ground---hit his foot and got gangrene causing his death.

Wrote an opera year for 10 yrs.

Works:
Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, comic opera
Armide
Phaeton

defined the French style first

"Lullian"
Term
Barbara Strozzi
Definition
1619-1677

daughter of a poet and a courtesan (love child)

father took her with him to his Accademia where she performed her music

published 9 volumes of music in Venice using text from the poets at the Accademia

her writings are for solo singer and basso continuo

*early cantatas, eventually a nun, self-pulbished, traveled in mostly male social circles, Venice.
Term
Handel
Definition
Wrote Italian operas but in London.

1685-1759

born Halle, Germany, lived in London

Italian style

repetition and sequence
Term

Bach

(basics)

Definition

1685-1750 WEIMAR 1708-1717

(keyboard music) COTHEN 1717-1723

(instrumental music) LEIPZIG 1723-1750

(vocal music) from a family of musicians educated in church schools- studying Latin, religion, and practical music Lutheran! walks to Lubeck to hear Buxteheude and stays for 3-6 months known as an amazing SIGHTREADER and KEYBOARD PLAYER, even as a teenager good at IMPROVISING!

Term
J.S. BACH periods
Definition
periods of working life:

WEIMAR: THE KEYBOARD PERIOD
(1708-1717)
job: ORGANIST
wrote lots of organ music and and studies lots of Vivaldi. Lots of keyboard transcriptions for harpsichord and orchestra. (Lots of keyboard concerti.) Also studied Corelli and made it into FUGUE subjects.
Unhappy, jailed for breach of contact, left

COTHEN: THE INSTRUMENTAL PERIOD (1717-1723)
job: music director
Notebooks for Wilhelm Freidman, Anna Magdalena, Well-Tempered Clavier, Cello Suites, and Brandenburg Concertos written during this time.
1720-wife dies and is buried while on tour
1721-Marries Anna Magdalena

1723-Prince's new wife not a music fan, Bach gets bored and goes to Leipzig.

LEIPZIG: THE VOCAL PERIOD
(1723-1750)
job: music teacher
This is a step down in prestige, but more money and his kids can go to school. Telemann and Gropner passed up the job, Bach was their 3rd choice. Most of the sacred choral music and secular cantas for the Collegium Musicum composed at this time. Also got money for funeral music and weddings.
Term
BWV
Definition
Bach Werche Verseichtnicht: attempted to be in chronological order (older editions had Schnieder numbers for some pieces)
Term
missing works of J.S. Bach
Definition
St. Mark's Passion

Prince of Cothen's funeral

100 Cantatas

tons of Instrumental Music
Term
Why have we heard Bach? Who started the new craze and with what piece and when?
Definition
In the 1880s Felix Mendelssohn re-premiered St. Matthew's Passion and restarted the world hearing Bach.
Term
Who wrote with amateur musicians in mind?
Definition
TELEMANN!!
Term
PURCELL
Definition
1659-1695
LONDON

only ENGLISH composer that was native!

early Baroque

did both Italian and French styles but in the English language

Dido and Aenas

SEGUNDA PRATTICA style

was organist at Chapel Royalle at Westminster and his title was officially "Composer for Violins"
Term
RAMEAU
Definition
1683-1764

PARIS, FRANCE

late Baroque

historical pastoral dramas

organist, harpsichordist, SECULAR MUSIC first, then SACRED MUSIC later

Wrote the "Treatise on Harmony" which sets out the ideas of major and minor keys, tonic and dominant, chord inversions, and basically what we now call music theory.

He was friends with La Pouplinier (The Sultan) who had a fancy house and hired Rameau and other musicians, poets, artists and wierdos to come party at his house called "The Menagerie." He was the early patron of RAMEAU!

1725-He saw an exhibition on Native Americans and it inspired him to write "Les Sauvages" (The Savages) then the opera "Les Indes" (Which we saw in class-Turkey Dance!)
Term
Name EARLY Baroque composers and tell what country they are from:
Definition
Gabrielli (Venice, IT), Caccini (Italy), Monteverdi (MANTUA, IT), SCHUTZ (Dresden, GER & Venice, IT), Carissimi (Rome, IT), Lully (Paris, FR), Charpentier (Paris, FR), Alessandro Scarlatti (Rome), Purcell (London).
Term
Name LATE Baroque composers and tell what country they are from:
Definition
Rameau (Paris, FR), Vivaldi (Venice, IT), J.S. Bach (Leipzig, GER), Domenico Scarlatti (Rome, IT & Spain), Handel (London, ENG), Strozzi (Venice, IT)
Term
Name four types of KEYBOARDS prevalent in the Baroque period:
Definition
Harpsichord
Clavichord
Fortepiano
Organ
Term
Name four Baroque forms that were keyboard works:
Definition
Chorale works
preludes
dances
fugue
Term
List composers famous for their keyboard works:
Definition
Frescobaldi
Froberger
de Guerre
Buxtehude
Couperin
Rameau
J.S. Bach
Wanda Landowska
Term
Frescobaldi
Definition
FRENCH ORGANIST !!!

EARLY (1583-1643)

Italian KEYBOARD composer

born in Ferrara

worked as an organist at St. Peter's in ROME

Wrote ricercars and fantasias.

1635-Published "Fiori musicali" (Musical flowers) about keyboard ornaments which Froberger and Bach both recopied by hand.
Term
Froberger
Definition
GERMAN, originates SUITE (4 dance movements), played HARPSICHORD !!! 1616-1667 GERMAN Keyboard Composer Founder of the suite: wrote 12 suites in the 4 movements of : allemand, corurante, sarabande, and gigue. All of which were in binary form A (repeats) then B (repeats) Travelled a lot! So did his music! As far as other composers: everybody who was anybody heard him!
Term
Elizabeth de la Guerre
Definition
1665-1729 FRANCE Child prodigy her patron was Louis XIV wrote: harpsichord pieces, cantatas, opera-1st woman from France to have her opera put on by the Rocyal Academy Also a performer on the keyboard "girl Mozart" She is a first because she was PUBLISHED! Private concerts at home or in court. Her preludes called "unnotated" + = ornament =trill or a mordent
Term
Buxtehude
Definition
GERMAN, BACH WENT TO SEE HIM!!!

1637-1707
Lubeck, GERMANY

had to marry predecessor's daughter to get the job and IMPROVISE at the organ
(Handel and Bach passed on the job after meeting the daughter)

until the 1800s keyboard player's job was to improvise, he was good at it

started "ABENDMUSIK" concert series! Bach went to see one and didn't go home for 3-6 months. They were Sunday nights at Sunset - similar to Vespers but NOT a church service - attend like a public concert - new thing- music based on chorale tunes -touristy

Telemann and Bach later took these on.

SCHUTZ influenced BUXTEHUDE who influenced BACH
Term
Couperin
Definition
1668-1733
KEYBOARD - HARPSICHORD COMPOSER

wrote: "Pieces de Clavecin" - 4 books AND "ordres" (suite) dance movements

FRENCH but wrote in the ITALIAN style

published Italian trio sonatas under a pseudonym

royal privilidge to "self-publish" (usually hand written)
later "engraved" after he became famous

appointed organist to the King, bought into the lower levels of nobility, had a coat of arms

BRAHMS did a complete edition of Couperin.

Rickard Strauss, Debussy & Ravel - influenced by Couperin

wrote Treatise:"Art of playing the Harpsichord"
Term
How are Rameau and Couperin similar
Definition
both French, given royal privileges, and published 3 books of harpsichord works that are quite similar
Term
Wanda Landowska
Definition
1940s and 50s
CRAZY CAT HARPSICHORD LADY

POLISH

reintroduced the harpsichord...but a bad version of it! HAD A SUSTAIN PEDAL!

Recorded lots of BACH
Term
Who are the three most prolific harpsichord composers?
Definition
Couperin
D. Scarlatti
Rameau
Term
define

QUODLIBET
Definition
Collection of other tunes

(example: Bach's Academic Overture)
Term
Explain the change in instrumental music that occurred in the Baroque period:
Definition
viols and violins were competing
Term
BIBER
Definition
Heinrich Ignaz Biber

1644-1704

SALTZBURG, GER

worked for the Archbishop of Saltzburg

Pieces: Mystery Sonatas and Harmonie

Genres: Masses Requiums Motets
first to write solos for violin...

invented the 6th and 7th positions on the violin

employed multiple stops in polyphonic passages

mystery sonatas for church
Term
Name some Baroque composers known for their instrumental output.
Definition
Biber
Castello/Marini
Corelli
Vivaldi
Telemann
Bach
Term
Marini
Definition
Biagio Marini

1594-1663
Place:Italy (Brescia/Venice) with time in Brussels and Dusseldorf

Major work:sinfonias La Ponte and La Gardana, and the sonata La Orlandina, all for one violin with continuo

genres:madrigals with instruments, vocal works on sacred texts, sinfonias, sonatas, canzonas and dances, all for one or two violins and continuo
Term
Castello
Definition
Dario Castello

c.1590-c.1658

Venice (worked & published)

St. Mark's: worked under under Monteverdi

Pieces: SONATE CONCERTATO IN STILE MODERNO

tranformed canzona to sonata

genres: motets and sonatas
Term
CORELLI
Definition
Archangelo Corelli

1653-1713

born Italy, first success in Paris, then he went to Germany, then to Rome

worked for Electoral Prince of Bavaria

MOSTLY: ROME, Italy

genres: sonatas, trio sonatas, concerti grossi, and composes almost solely for violin

Major works: CHRISTMAS CONCERTO
Term
Vivaldi
Definition
Antonio Vivaldi

1678-1741
Place: Venice -St. Marks
"red priest"
was a priest

Major works: Four Seasons, Armida, lots of masses, Requiem

laid foundations of the modern concerto
famous for: violin technique and orchestration

worked at the Ospedale di Pieta AND the Theatre, AND St. Marks, AND sold concerti grossi, AND was a violinist AND a priest
Term
TELEMANN
Definition
Georg Philip Telemann 1681-1767 GERMAN (Hamburg) most prolific composer of his time...wrote and published his own work worked writing music that amateurs could play started the Collegium Musicium that Bach later took over wrote 1100+ cantatas ran Kunau out of the Leipzig opera so that he could take over the group In Hamburg: composed 2 cantatas per week, started publishing his own work in a journal with subscribers, started a public concert series, ambassador for Province of Eisenach called ABENDMUSIK. Very wealthy - first successful music businessman in the modern sense. We have 3000 of his works, and C.P.E. Bach was his godson.
Term
sonata
Definition
Meant "to sound" - no such thing as sonata form yet!

In the Baroque period, Giovanni Gabrielli was the first to use the word to title a piece, originally just meant instrumental music as opposed to sung.

Trio sonata is for two violins and basso continuo.

Sonata da chiesa is for the church, and sonata da camera is for the chamber or home.

Early sectional sonatas can be identified by a tempo change in the middle of the movement.
Term
suites
Definition
dance forms of four movements for instrumental ensemble

-allemande
-courante
-sarabande
-gigue
Term
concerti
Definition
solo for an instrument (or group of instruments) which is sandwiched between the orchestra playing motivic ritornellos.
Term
Name 3 Baroque instrumental (non keyboard) forms
Definition
Sonatas
Suites
Concerti
Term
Name four Baroque forms for keyboard music:
Definition
Chorale works
preludes
dances
fugue
Term
Trends from 1600-1750s- Moving from the Early to LATE BAROQUE
Definition
less counterpoint (except with Bach)

polyphony - treble dominant

multisection works - multi-mvt works


simple melody - constant melodic material to be ornamented

church vs chamber - all the same

more specific instruments, idiomatic, more specific instructions in print

violin dominates and becomes a solo instrument

more keyboard sonatas

Italy only early Baroque to the northern countries (incl: Germany, London, and France)
Term
Compare/contrast lives of the important late Baroque composers
Definition

Bach-wrote in all 3 genres, never left Germany, counterpoint, no opera (a teacher)

Handel-born in Germany, lived in Italy, then worked in England, wrote vocal, instrumental and keyboard works.  Vivaldi-lived in Italy, was a priest, wrote for every genre, worked in St. Mark's, theatre, sold concerti grossi, and worked in the ospedale (a teacher) Telemann-lived mostly in Germany, published his own works, wrote extensively (lots of cantatas) and instrumental music, but not much keyboard music. Started public music concerts and supported himself with his music.

Term
unique challenges and roles of keyboard and lute instruments in the Baroque era
Definition
both basso continuo instruments, had to realize figured bass and function as rhythm section
Term
how are Telemann and Bach alike/connected?
Definition
alike: German, Telemann was C.P.E. Bach's godson, both worked in Leipzig and with the Collegium Musicium

different: Telemann well known, Bach not well known in his lifetime only published his keyboard works
Term
How are Bach/Vivaldi alike and different?
Definition
alike: wrote for all 3 genres, worked in churches, teachers, worked with children and music, very religious men,

different: Bach (German) & Vivaldi (Italian), Bach 20 kids, Vivaldi none,
Term
Handel and Telemann, how are they alike and different
Definition
alike: both famous during their lifetimes, both made living from their music, both published a lot during their lifetimes, prolific output, both vocal and instrumental composers

different: Telemann was wealthy, Handel sometimes struggled with finances, Handel a keyboardist while Telemann a violinist
Term
name two Baroque composers who were keyboardists
Definition
Bach
Handel
Term
name two late Baroque composers who were violinists
Definition
Vivaldi
Telemann
Term
Nationalistic differences of the Baroque
Definition
Italian: treble dominant, Latin, castrasti, opera, highly ornamented, cori spezzati (Vivaldi /Corelli late, Monteverdi/Gabrielli early) French: single note ornamentation, royal control/privileges, dance forms, opera had more story emphasis than Italy, through composed operas without sections to distinguish aria/recit (Lully/Rameau - early, Couperin - late) German:church music in German, Schutz early, Bach/Telemann late England: Italian influenced, Purcell only native composer, Handel worked extensively but was in an Italian style
Term
viols vs. violins
Definition
Guarneri and Stradaverius making violins at this time treble dominated era so violins won out who made violin famous? Biber's early sectional sonatas, Castello, Marini, Corelli's popular trio sonatas, and Vivaldi 's violin concerti. Telemann wrote lots of unspecified works that can be played on violin.
Term
Who is known for early sectional sonatas?
Definition
BIBER
Term
Who is known for popularizing trio sonatas?
Definition
Corelli
Term
Who is known for his violin concerti & concerti grossi?
Definition
Vivaldi
Term
After 1650, instrumental music was sonata da camera or sonata da chiesa, what were sonatas before that like?
Definition
SECTIONAL sonatas they had odd instrumentation (ex: violin, trombone, bassoon, and basso continuo) usually were not solo or trio yet...just sonatas early sonata composers: Marini, Biber, Legrenzi, and Castello
Term
What type of music from the early Baroque made "all the parts equal?"
Definition
polyphony
Term
What is music where it's appropriate for a composer to think of a specific instrument while composing?
Definition
IDIOMATIC
Term
What do we need to think of to play/perform Baroque music?
Definition
Performance practice in Baroque music needs to keep in mind constant motion, ornamentation, the unbalanced/non-symmetrical misshapen sound, the pre-well tempered intonation in early music
Term
Whose music sounds...
Italiante
dance like
triple meter
concerto (grosso)
late Baroque
lots o' violin
Definition
Corelli
Term
What are Vivaldi and Corelli known for playing?
Definition
Violin
Term
Whose music sounds...
sequency in Latin
late Italian
polyphonic
strings on an ostinato
part of a mass/sacred
Definition
Vivaldi
Term
Who is known for his boring bass lines?
Definition
Vivaldi
Term
Whose music sounds...
fugal
late Baroque
and counterpointed
Definition
Bach
Term
Whose music can sound...
busy with propulsion
orchestra with horns
Aria
German
Definition
Bach
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