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| Italy and _____have same CVs |
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| NB Flanders is northern, but southern baroque culturally because |
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| it belongs to Spain/ r Cath church |
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| protestant Reformation is begun by |
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| French Classical Baroque is controlled by |
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| Jesuits established catholic organizations |
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| Protestant Reformation leads to Roman Catholic |
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| RC Church's Counter Reformation |
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Roman Catholic COUNter Reformation to capture the hearts and minds
appealed to Catholics not to leave church and bring back the wayward to church |
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| Christian cultural values of Southern Baroque |
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| RCchurch still not theologically tolerant and its competing with the protestant reformation |
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| After humanism in the Southern Renaissance, there was a wave of |
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| moving back toward believing in miracles |
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| The Southern Baroque is located in |
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| Italy, Spain, France and Flanders which is in the north,but owned by Spain |
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| Netherlands, England and Germany make up the |
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| French Classical Baroque is |
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| under the domain of Roman Catholic Church and is a theocracy |
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| Protestant Reformation leads to |
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| Roman Catholic COUNter Reformation |
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| Appealed to Catholics not to leave church and bring back the wayward to church and to capture the hearts and minds |
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| The Southern Baroque Christian cultural value of the RCCHurch is still not |
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| theologically tolerant its competing with the protestant reformation |
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| Catholic counter reformation suppresses |
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| protestants and non-catholics |
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| Catholic counter-reformation Art appeals to |
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| Emotions, faith mysticism and emphasizes drama and the miraculous |
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| Revelation, NOT Humanism – |
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| People are painted as saints or heroes in dramatic states often |
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| tense and energetic,mystical emotion and conversion |
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| Catholic Counter Reformation appeals to |
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| emotions faith, mysticism and EMPHASIZEs drama, the Miraculous |
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| Revelation God’s dramatic presence, |
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| : Saul is stalked by god, |
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| The conversion of St.Paul |
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| Compare Michelangelo’s DAVID and Bernini’s DAVID |
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| S.Baroque and Italian Renaissance |
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| D Catholic Counter-Reformation where women |
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| are equal and painted as saints or OT heroes |
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| Judith with Holofornes Head |
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| Catholic counter Reformation allowed women to be painted as heroines |
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D ramatic moments
F aith
Miraculous
Revelation
God’s dramatic Presence |
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| Cultural value of Christianity of Southern Baroque art |
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| Southern Baroque Cultural values of Christianity are manifested in art by use of |
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asymmetrical balance
diagonals or zig zag
extreme space
in extreme transition of conversion
extreme foreshortening
No focus |
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| S.Baroque Cultural Values are |
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| Christianity,Absolutism, Greco-Roman and Southern Renaissance left over |
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| S.Baroque art is religious and showed biblical stories of |
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D ramatic moments
F aith
Miraculous
Revelation
God’s dramatic Presence |
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| The second Cultural value of Southern Baroque |
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| Absolutism and theocracy=unity of church and state |
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| Theocracy of S.Baroque allowed |
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| Catholic kings to support pope with armies to attack protestants and non Christians |
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| Pope protects catholic kings from rebellion/ revolution…. |
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They rule their subjects as Gods as
The Divine Right of Kings |
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| The lives of the subjects REVOLVE around the |
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| the life and will of the king-no disagreements, no political parties |
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| Energetic or environmental transitions are seen in |
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| the architecture: San Carlo of the 4 fountains |
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| Borromini, [plan of] San Carlo [alle Quattro Fontane, ROME is the four fountains |
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| Borromini had to build his church on a highly limited and asymmetrical corner site. Consequently the plan of the church is indeed complicated, and to that epoch-making in the history of architecture. One could say that the basic design of the plan is elliptical, but the already existing fontain on the cut-off corner was to the effect that the architect had to omit a chapel from an earlier design. Borromini decided to create a spatial unity by incorporating the chapels into the ellipse. The shape of the site didn't admit any radiating chapels. The design of the plan shows, that the architect had basic geometry in mind. Although the adornment of the interior conceals most of the architectural structure, the entablature reveals the design of the plan. The plan isn't really an authentic ellips; it's a rhomb with circularly respectively elliptically shaped corners. In reality the plan of the interior is composed of two equally sized equilateral triangles put together. The common base of the triangles constitutes the transverse axis of the interior plan. The billowing circumference of the executed plan follows this rhomboid shape with great precision. But, then again, the ground plan can be interpreted in a variety of ways... |
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| San Carlo interior compared with Sant Marta church interior plan |
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| San Carlo is built on an irregularly shaped lot and the inside is an open oval whereas san marta is a traditional basilica format with transept , nave, side aisles and apse |
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| The entablature is curvy 5 fountains is where people meet and get water |
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| Ignatious Loyola founds Jesuit order to combat protestants |
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| Pozzo 's fresco Glorification of Saint Ignatius, ceiling fresco in the nave of Sant'Ignazio, Rome, is miraculous and dynamic has diagonals no focus, it is happening before us |
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| ALL catholics have faith in pope and god and do not |
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| rely on their own reason or conscience |
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| Art glorifies Absolute power of Catholic Church Example is |
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RIGAUD’s Portrait of Louis XVI
Velazquez’s King Phillip portrait |
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| SBCV Art glorifies the Power of the monarchy Louis xvi portrait and architecture reinforces |
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| Architecture reinforces the power of the pope= |
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| St.Peters was finished during the Baroque |
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| S.Baroque hierarchy of art |
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Religios art first,1 history and religious painting topics
2portraits
3 Genre
4 Nature paintings,
Landscapes |
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| Basic S.Baroque composition is |
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| opposite of Humanist Renaissance composition |
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| Painting style of Velazquez is |
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“is action in transition”
Transition of little girl to princess |
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| a. Flanders is current country of Belgium which is geographically North but has a |
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| southern baroque culture CV and is owned by Spain |
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| Northern Baroque has 4 N. Renaissance, Barbarian leftovers |
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| 1 hidden symbolism2. Horror vacui3. Rich glowing colors, invents colorism 4 tactile concerns with showing texture also, there is empiricism, science, and looking back to purselid |
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| ? There are no parallels but now |
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| Elevation of the Cross by RUBENS: |
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Subjects composition asymmetry diagonals extreme emotions; bodies straining ugly, tensed faced higly tensed faces, dramati, twisting postures,Tilted perspective, extreme space,
Stresses Faith, hidden symbolism of dog- those who have faith |
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| Compare 024024, Pozzo the glorification of St. Ignatious of Loyola with: San Carlo of the 4 fountains as style manifestation of CVs |
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| Extreme space, foreshortening, miracles, welcoming christians into heaven and into the church,Energetic or environmental transition are seen in the architecture: San Carlo of the 4 fountains |
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| D Art glorifies Absolute power of Catholic Church Examples: |
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are RIGAUD’s Portrait of Louis XVI
Velazquez’s King Phillip portrait |
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| by Bernini, he used golden sculpture double collanades are arms reaching out to believers and |
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| S.Baroque Cultural Values of 3 GR leftovers=Platonic idealism and mimesis taken to the extreme |
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STYLE: 1 Extreme Mimesis They mimed Energy and
Dynamics, Transitions but it is not the Ren Humanistic Stability of logic and calm
compare the Davids( Michelangelo and Bernini |
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1.Historical, Biblical
2.Portraiture
3.Genre- 2 meanings, ordinary life and style
4 nature’s landscapes |
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| represents the transition that the RCchurch was going through |
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| It was unimaginable to put man on the same level as God |
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| Northern Baroque Christian beliefs, not humanism |
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| what are the cultural values of Southern Baroque? |
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| Christianity, Absolutism and theocracy, Greco-Roman and Southern renaissance left overs |
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| SBaroque painting is mostly linear, Tenebrism shows a |
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Definition
| dramatic shift from dark to light |
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| In painting Tenebrism is shift from Dark to Light example is |
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| Tintoretto’s Last supper which contrasts the day and light super beings on the ceiling it is a composition of extremes |
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Term
| how are these cultural values of the southern Baroque manifested? |
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a. Asymmetry
b. Diagonal or zig zag compositional movement
Extreme math, spirals or inverted triangle
with No focus |
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| 3. Open or extreme space, foreshortening, open space, closed space |
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| Catholic church wanted paintings to show faith, emotions and miracles, as if the viewer was experiencing the story, the miracle |
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| By mimesis of SR taken to extremes: |
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St Paul’s conversion where he is knocked off his horse
The viewer is next to head when standing near the canvas so it appears as if he/she is actually there when it happens |
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| There is similar extreme composition in Artemisia Gentileschi’s Judith with Slaying of Holofernes- |
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| There is a foreshortening of Judith’s hand |
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| Painting style of Velazquez is “is action in transition” |
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| Transition of little girl to princess |
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| Flanders is NB but SB CVs Northern Baroque has 4 N Renaissance, Barbarian leftovers |
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| 1 hidden symbolism2. Horror vacui3. Rich glowing colors, invents colorism 4 tactile concerns with showing texture also, there is empiricism, science, and looking back to purselid |
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| NB has Rich glowing colors taken to extreme hidden color is COLORISM |
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| Which is the illusion of volume but with no modeling |
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Uses non-loal colors in a a way that we think we see local colors and volume
There is no chiaroscuro , |
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| i.e., no values in coloring but yellow highlights, red for dark areas and hidden color |
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| Rubens IN FLANDERS: Purse not mimed |
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Christ’s body ripples consists entirely of color
Anatomical liberties it “out-dramas” Italian painting |
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| Symbolism and colorism are hidden: |
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| INVERTED triangle in composition =instability |
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