1. Reading Aloud
2. Shared Reading
3. Guided Reading
4. Idependent Reading

1. Shared Writing
2. Interactive Writing
3. Guided Writing
4. Independent Writing

The teacher reads aloud to the whole class or small groups. A carefully selected body of children’s literature is used; the collection contains a variety of genres and represents our diverse society. Favorite texts, selected for special features , are reread many times.

The teacher works with a small group of students who are at about the same level in reading ability.  The teacher selects and introduces stories.  Vocabulary development and comprehension strategies are incorporated in the lessons.

Using an enlarged text that all children can see, the teachers involves children in reading together following a pointer. The process in includes: rereading big books, poems, songs rereading retellings, rereading alternative texts rereading the products of interactive writing.

Students read from a wide variety of materials.  During this time teachers call up individual students for continued guided reading lessons or to assess student growth.  Rereading strategies and fluency rate are stressed.

Teacher and children work together to compose messages and stories; teacher supports process as scribe.

As in shared writing, teacher and children compose messages and stories that are written using a “shared pen” technique that involves children in the writing.

Children engage in writing a variety of texts. Teacher guides the process and provides instruction through mini lessons and conferences.

Children write their own pieces, including (in addition to stories and informational pieces) retellings, labeling, speech balloons, lists, etc.