Term
| state of physical equilibrium, maintenance of one's COG within BoS |
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Definition
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Term
| systems involved in balance |
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Definition
| vestibular, visual, and somatosensory information integrated into the CNS and fed through an intact musculoskeletal system |
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Term
| incidence of vestibular disorders in pediatrics? |
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Definition
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Term
| injury to the vestibular system will cause what sorts of problems in developing children? |
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Definition
| balance, coordination, and visual problems |
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Term
| children with vestibular dysfunction may have what? (2) |
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Definition
| learning disabilities and gross motor delays |
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Term
| sensorineural hearing loss since birth may lead to what? (2) |
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Definition
| motor and postural control deficits |
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Term
| a history of otitis media (ear infection) leads to a high incidence of what (2) |
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Definition
| vestibular disorders and developmental delay in preschoolers |
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Term
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Definition
| righting, protective extension, equlibirum |
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Term
| 2 types of righting reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| protective extension reactions (3) |
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Definition
| UE, LE, in all directions |
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Term
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Definition
| in all developmental positions |
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Term
| postural activities triggered by sensory input to initiate the motor output or response |
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Definition
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Term
| response used to maintain posture in a predictable manner as we perturb ourselves |
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Definition
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Term
| problem with documentation of balance reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| types of clinical observations for balance reactions (6) |
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Definition
| present/normal, present but abnormal, inconsistent, delayed, partial, absent |
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Term
| Considerations for the child in evaluation/examination |
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Definition
| safety of child (child feels at risk will influence testing), position the child accordingly (reduce effect of tone) |
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Term
| Evaluation and examination considerations for the Physical therapist(2) |
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Definition
| know age appropriate testing, observation skills |
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Term
| multiple systems that work to maintain CoG over BoS (3) |
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Definition
| biomechanical, neuromotor, sensory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what does the musculoskeletal system allow for (2) |
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Definition
| adequate RoM, adequate strength |
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Term
| dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system (decreased ROM, strength) does what to the child? |
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Definition
| puts the child at biomechanical advantage for balance |
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Term
| Evaluation of the biomechanical system (2) |
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Definition
| pain may limit movement for balance responses, endurance may influence avaialble movement strategies |
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Term
| which system creates movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| role of neuromotor system (4) |
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Definition
| redistributes tone as needed, turns muscles "on and off", creates sequencing/timing of movement (agonist/antagonist) |
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Term
| lack of what will interfere with neuromotor function |
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Definition
| reflex integration, especially brainstem reflexes (tonic reflexes) |
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Term
| How is the neuromotor system tested? (3) |
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Definition
| righting, equilibrium, and protective extension in all positiosn and directions |
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Term
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Definition
| clinical observations of motor and postural skills |
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Term
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Definition
| feed-forward mechanisms in dynamic movemetn and static postures |
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Term
| COMPS testing could include (5) |
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Definition
| finger to nose, diadochokinesia, supine flexion, prone extension, quadruped |
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Term
| 4 standardized assessments of neuromotor system (4) |
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Definition
| COMPS, BOT-2, PDMS-2, P-CTSIB |
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Term
|
Definition
| pediatric clinical test of sensory interaction for balance |
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Term
| what does the P-CTSIB look at mechanism wise |
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Definition
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Term
| The P-CTSIB looks at what in regards to balance? |
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Definition
| ankle, hip strategies, stepping, crouching |
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Term
| Sensory System: primary system used 4 months to 2 years |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Sensory System: system used by 3-6 years |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensory System: system that develops by 7 years and used through adulthood |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensory System: role of the vestibular system |
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Definition
| resolves conflict between visual and somatosensory systems |
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Term
| Assessment of Sensory System: in young children (5) |
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Definition
| ocular motor control, developmental reflex integration, motor progressions, antigravity control |
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Term
| Assessment of Sensory System: example standardized assessment for young children |
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Definition
| DeGangi-Berk Test of SEnsory integration |
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Term
| Assessment of Sensory System: example standardized assessment for young children |
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Definition
| DeGangi-Berk Test of SEnsory integration |
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Term
| Assessment of Sensory System: older children (4) |
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Definition
| visuo-motor, perceptual-motor, eye-hand coordination, balance |
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Term
| Assessment of Sensory System: standardized assessment for older children (2) |
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Definition
| bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency (BOT-2), peabody developmental motor scales (PDMS-II) |
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Term
| Examination of Sensory System: visual (3) |
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Definition
| acuity, diplopia, visual field |
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Term
| Examination of Sensory System: oculomotor (3) |
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Definition
| smooth pursuit, convergence (high, mid, low), tracking (horizontal and vertical) |
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Term
| Examination of Sensory System: vestibular system |
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Definition
| horizontal/lateral rotation, anterior/superior and posterior/inferior rotation in sagittal plane and frontal plane |
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Term
| role of the otolithic organs |
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Definition
| transudce linear acceleration |
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|
Term
| vestibualr system: how many otolithic organs per side |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| vestibualr system: role of the utricle |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| vestibualr system: role of the saccule |
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Definition
| projects to muscle for postural control |
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|
Term
| role of otoconia crystals |
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Definition
| displaced with linear acceleration and displace ciliary bundles which produce a sensory signal |
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|
Term
| what are the otolithic organs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) |
|
Definition
| reflex eye movement that stabilizes images on the retina during head movement |
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|
Term
| describe how the Vestibulo-ocular reflex would look like |
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Definition
| eye movement in the direction opposite the head movement |
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|
Term
| purpose of teh vestibulo-ocular reflex |
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Definition
| preserves the image on the center of the visual field |
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|
Term
| fun fact about the vestibulo-ocular reflex |
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Definition
| not dependent on visual input: works in the dark |
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|
Term
| Examinatino of Sensory systems: vestibulo ocular (3) |
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Definition
| head thrust: focus near and far [https://youtu.be/-fs20vQnNzA?t=20s], head shaking (vestibular imbalance may elicit nystagmus), smooth pursuit |
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|
Term
| assessment tool for balance |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the "foam and dome" tests what systems? |
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Definition
| somatosensory, vestibular, visual |
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|
Term
| Examples of functional balance assessment |
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Definition
| pull shirt off over head? raise their UE's over their head? "balance head on shoulders", gait, terrain, holding an object while walking |
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Term
| Standardized tests for assessing functional balance |
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Definition
| TUDS, TUG, floor to stand, 30 second walk, 6 min walk, pediatric reach, shuttle run |
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Term
| Manifestations of Abnormal Balance and Stability (4) |
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Definition
| lack of movement, fear of falling, delays, in-coordination, disturbances |
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Term
| Manifestations of Abnormal Balance and Stability: delays in (4) |
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Definition
| motor function, righting, equilibrium and protective extension |
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|
Term
| Manifestations of Abnormal Balance and Stability: in-coordination of (4) |
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Definition
| total body, eye-hand, eye-foot, hand-foot |
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|
Term
| Manifestations of Abnormal Balance and Stability: disturbances in (2) |
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Definition
| sequencing and timing of movement |
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Term
| Treatment of Balance impairments: first and foremost |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Balance impairments: after safety address what constraints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Balance impairments: after improving ROM and strength what comes next? |
|
Definition
| improving speed, accuracy, and timing |
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|
Term
| Treatment of Balance impairments: this must become part of the treatment as well |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Balance impairments: ultimate goal |
|
Definition
| carried over into daily functional activities |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Balance impairments: considerations based on teh child |
|
Definition
| must match cognitive and interest level |
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|
Term
| Treatment consdierations (3) |
|
Definition
| know the dx, CoG/BoS relationship, developmental positioning pro/regression |
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