Substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities.

Ex. Corn syrup has additives in it.

A mathematical method widely used in baking to calculate the amounts of macro, minor and micro ingredients.

Ex. His bakers percentage was 25% sugar and 75% flour.

 The process of blending butter (or a fat of some kind) into flour so that it provides a flaky texture.

Ex. They used the biscuit method for scones.

The browning of sugar, a process used extensively in cooking for the resulting sweet nutty flavor and brown color. 

Ex. She used caramelization for onions.

 A technique for mixing some batters and doughs.

Ex. Creaming method is used for cookies, and etc.

Any substance made from extracting part of a plant—such as spice, nut, fruit, or herb—using alcohol.

Ex. She used vanilla extract for her cake.

Any fat that is a solid at room temperature and used to make crumbly pastry and other food products.

Ex. They used butter as a shortening for their cupcakes.

An anaerobic biological process that converts sugars and starches into simpler substances.

Ex. Ferments cause dough to rise.

 Used to enhance, add to or change the taste of the base product, be it cake, cookies, sauces, yeast doughs, pastries, candies, etc.

Ex. He used sweet flavoring for his pastries.

Any method in which the eggs are whipped or beaten to incorporate air before they are folded into the rest of the batter.

Ex. Foaming method was used for sponge cake.

A way to express the ratio of ingredients to one another by weight.

Ex. She created a formula for her muffins.

Gives traditional baked goods structure.

Ex. There was gluten in the bread.

Hydrating protein, starch and leavening agents.

Ex. Milk is used as a liquid in baking.

The mixing method to use when your recipe doesn't contain much fat (and it is all in liquid form) to make sure your muffins, quick breads, and pancakes bake up nice and tender.

Ex. She used the muffin method for her chocolate chip muffins.

Provide stability and ensure that the baked item does not collapse once it is removed from the oven.

Ex. Eggs and flours are the most used strengtheners in baking.

An ingredient or agent that can be added to other food ingredients in order to change the viscosity to create a stiffer or a more dense food mixture.

Ex. All purpose flour is the most popular food thickener.