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Bacteriology
test
58
Health Care
Undergraduate 4
06/20/2010

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Term
Ability of bacteria, such as the Mycobacteria, to retain dye when treated with an acid-alcohol solution.
Definition
Acid Fast
Term
Microorganism or their parts that are resistant to the removal of carbol fuchsin stain with acidified alcohol;Mycobacteria and related species with phospholipids in their cell walls have this characteristic.
Definition
Acid-Fast Bacteria
Term
A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of oxygen.
Definition
Aerobe
Term
A microorganism that does not require oxygen for life and reproduction
Definition
Anaerobe
Term
The presence of viable bacteria in the blood evidences by their recovery in blood cultures
Definition
Bacteremia
Term
Liquid medium used as a supplement to agar plates to detect small numbers of most aerobes, anaerobes and microaerophiles
Definition
Broth media
Term
Microorganisms that grow bestin the presence of carbon dioxide
Definition
Capnophile
Term
Term used to describe microorganisms that require an increased concentration of CO2 usually between 5% and 10%
Definition
Capnophilic
Term
An organelle in bacteria located outside the cell wall; Usually made up of polysaccharides; used by the bacteria as a protective structure
Definition
Capsule
Term
Formation of a population of microorganisms within the host that does not cause disease
Definition
Colonization
Term
Infection that starts in the community and are brought to the hospital by the patient; Not acquired in the hospital
Definition
Community-acquired infection
Term
Media that allows grouping of bacteria based on different characteristics demonstrated on the medium.
Definition
Differential media
Term
Stains such as the Gram stain that stain components of the smear differently so that each component can be recognized
Definition
Differential stains
Term
Stains of bacteria that produce a capsule
Definition
Encapsulated
Term
Within the trachea
Definition
Endotracheal
Term
Media that contain nutrients that enhance the growth of fastidious microorganisms
Definition
Enriched media
Term
Material from the lower respiratory tract produced by a deep cough
Definition
Expectorated sputum
Term
A microorganism that does not require oxygen for growth but will use oxygen and grow better if it is present
Definition
Facultative anaerobe
Term
Hard to grow, requires addition growth facts for replication
Definition
Fastidious
Term
A taxonomic grouping in classifying microorganisms;a genus may consist of one or more species
Definition
Genus
Term
Bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet complex and are stained red by the counterstain
Definition
Gram negative bacteria
Term
Bacteria that retain the crystal violet-iodine complex and appear purple on Gram stained smears
Definition
Gram positive bacteria
Term
"Lysis" or dissolution or breaking apart; "hemo" pertains to red blood cells; a reaction observed in the media immediately surrounding or underneath the colony
Definition
Hemolysis
Term
A partial lysing of red blood cells in a blood agar plate around and under the colony that results in a green discoloration of the medium
Definition
a-hemolysis
Term
Complete clearing red blood cells in a blood agar plate around or under the colonies because of complete lysis of the red blood cells
Definition
B-hemolysis
Term
Term used to describe an individual with deficient function of the immune system
Definition
immunocompromised
Term
Microorganisms of low virulence that are normally found in or on body sites; also called normal flora
Definition
Indigenous microflora
Term
Material from the lower respiratory tract collecte following aerosol induction
Definition
Induced sputum
Term
Technique to spread specimen inoculums over the surface of agar plates so that individual colonies can be obtained and a semiquantitative analysis can be performed
Definition
Isolation streak
Term
Procedure often used for acid fast staining; like the Ziehl-Neelson stain. Does not require heat application; also called the "cold" stain
Definition
Kinyoun stain
Term
An infectious disease characterized by the inflammation of the meninges
Definition
Meningitis
Term
Microorganism that grows with reduced oxygen and increased carbon dioxide
Definition
Microaerophile
Term
Microorganisms that require environments containing concentrations of oxygen lower than that present in the atmosphere
Definition
Microaerophilic
Term
Strains of bacteria that do not produce a capsule
Definition
Noencapsulated
Term
Media that support the growth of most nonfastidious aerobes
Definition
Nonselective media
Term
Organisms that exist in a symbiotic relationship with the host; these organisms are isolated from the host in the absence of disease
Definition
Normal microbial flora
Term
An infection acquired within 72 hours of a stay in a hospital
Definition
Nosocomial infection
Term
Culture media that are complex and made of extracts of meat or soybeans
Definition
Nutrient media
Term
A microorganism that can live and reproduce only in a strick anaerobic environment (0% oxygen)
Definition
Term
Microorganisms that usually do not produce disease but are capable of causing disease in an individual whose immune system is compromised
Definition
Opportunist
Term
Disease caused by a microorganism with low virulence that becomes pathogenic in a host with low immunologic resistance
Definition
Opportunistic infection
Term
A microorganism that causes disease
Definition
Pathogen
Term
Organisms capable of causing disease
Definition
Pathogenic microorganism
Term
The ability of a microorganism to cause disease
Definition
Pathogenicity
Term
A disease characterized by inflammation of the lungs, typically associated with fever, respiratory symptoms and the presence of parenchymal involvement detected either by physical examination or by the presence of infiltrates on chest x-ray
Definition
Pneumonia
Term
Two or more microbial morphotypes are present and, if they are likely pathogens in an infection, the infection is polymicrobic
Definition
Polymicrobial
Term
Bacteremia that involves more than one microbial organism
Definition
Polymicrobial bacteremia
Term
Bacteremia that arises from an infected extravascular source such as the lung in patients with pneumonia
Definition
Secondary bacteremia
Term
Media that support the growth of one type or one group of microorganisms but not of another
Definition
Selective media
Term
Systemic response to bacterial infection
Definition
Sepsis
Term
Chemical stains that are water or alcohol based that can be used directly on prepared slides without additional preparation or complex steps
Definition
Simple stain
Term
In classifying microorganisms, it is assigned a two part name, with genus listed first and species second
Definition
Species
Term
Specimen that is not properly selected, collected or transported such that a microbiology culture will lead to misleading results
Definition
Suboptimal specimen
Term
Liquid or semisolid medium meant to preserve and maintain the integrity of the speciment for the period between specimen collection and laboratory processing of the specimen
Definition
Transport media
Term
A microorganism capable of producing disease in both immunocompetent individuals
Definition
True pathogen
Term
An infection occurring in or associated with the urinary tract
Definition
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Term
The degree of pathology caused by the organism; the extent of virulence is usually correlated with the ability of the pathogen to multiply within the host and may be affected by other factors.
Definition
Virulence
Term
Procedure used for acid fast staining; it is a carbol fuchsin metho that involves the application of heat; also called the "hot" stain
Definition
Ziehl-Neelson stain
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