Term
| The oropharnyx and nasopharnx are composed of what type of cells? |
|
Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| The sterile respiratory areas (paranasal sinuses, middle ear, and glands) are composed of what type of cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of sinusitis are more common in adults? Children? |
|
Definition
adults-frontal and maxillary
children - ethmoiditis |
|
|
Term
| What bacteria are involved most commonly with acute sinusitis? |
|
Definition
| H. influenzae, pneumococci, streptococci, m. catarrhalis |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common organism involved in chronic sinusitis? |
|
Definition
| anaerobic streptococci and prevotella species |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for acute sinusitis? |
|
Definition
1) analgesics and topical heat
2) decongestants - pseudoephedrine
3) antibiotics in moderate to severe cases
4) amoxicillin, doxycycline, bactrim |
|
|
Term
| frontal sinusitis can lead to what and caused by what organism? |
|
Definition
| lead to osteomyelitis of the frontal bone due to S. aureus |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common causes of AOM? |
|
Definition
1) pneumococcus
2) H. influenzae
3) M. catarrhalis |
|
|
Term
| What is also found in 41% of children with bacterial AOM? |
|
Definition
| respiratory tract virus - usually respiratory syncytial virus |
|
|
Term
| concurrent conjunctivitis with AOM suggests what diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) wait 72 hours before antibiotics
2) ampicillin, amoxicillin, augementin
3) 81% of patients recover without antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common complications associated with AOM? |
|
Definition
1) chronic serious otitis media
2) hearing loss
3) recurrent purulent otitis media |
|
|
Term
| What are the major symptoms of chronic otitis media? |
|
Definition
1) diminshed hearing
2) otorrhea |
|
|
Term
| What do you use to treat otitis externa? |
|
Definition
| eardrops containing polymyxin B and neomycin |
|
|
Term
| malignant otits media is caused by what organism? |
|
Definition
| infection with p. aeruginosa seen in diabetics |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important form of pharyngitis to treat? |
|
Definition
| streptococcal pharyngitis |
|
|
Term
| What do you need to diagnosis strep pharyngitis? |
|
Definition
| throat cultures +/- Rapid test |
|
|
Term
| What do you use to treat strep pharyngitis? |
|
Definition
| Penicillin, if allergic - erythromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) complication of strep tonsillitis
2) pain referred to ear
3) treat with penicillin and drainage |
|
|
Term
| What is the most rapidly progressing and deadly URI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the organism for acute epiglottitis and who does it affect? |
|
Definition
H. influenzae type b, boys 2-8 yo
*decreasing incidence due to vaccinations |
|
|
Term
| What is the key to the diagnosis of acute epiglottitis? |
|
Definition
swollen, edematous, cherry-red epiglottis
*hard to see, may need lateral x-ray |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important treatment with acute epiglottitis? |
|
Definition
| preservation of the airway |
|
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