Term
| The Genus name is never abbreviated (T/F) |
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Definition
| False, species is never abbreviated |
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Term
| The Genus is always italicized |
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Definition
| False, can be italicized or underlined |
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Term
| The family name is more specific than the genus name |
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Definition
| False, family name is broader |
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Term
| Modern identificaion methods |
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Definition
| use the guanine & cytosine content and base sequence to determine relatedness |
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Term
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Definition
| used for attachment and adherence to host surfaces there are two types of pili, sex and common pili |
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Term
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Definition
| serve as the conduit for the passage of DNA from donor to recipient during conjugation |
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Term
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Definition
| adhesions that can help bacteria attach to animal host cells surfaces, often as the first step in establishing infection |
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Term
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Definition
| used to move around and seek optimum environment. They are made up the protein flagellin and are intricately embedded in the cell envelope. |
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Term
| polar/monotrichous flagella |
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Definition
| located at one side of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| located at both sides of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| covers the entire surface of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
They help protect the pathogen from macrophages and other cells of immune in the host
They also facilitate and maintain bacterial colonization of biological and inanimate surfaces though the formation of biofilms. |
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Term
| what is the importantance of the iodine step in the gram staining process? |
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Definition
| Iodine traps the crystal violet inside the gram positive cells |
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Term
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Definition
| non-mutual relationship between organisms of different species where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host |
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Term
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Definition
| microorganisms that inhabit many surfaces of the human body |
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Term
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Definition
| mutually beneficial, or harmless relationship between a colonizer and the human host |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that only cause infection when one more of the host’s defense mechanisms are disrupted or malfunction |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who carries the etiological agent but shows no apparent signs or symptoms of infection or disease |
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Term
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Definition
| any substance that causes harm to the host, microorganisms that cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
| environment, or place of origin, of the infecting agent, where the human encounters microorganisms, exposed to the same environment |
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Term
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Definition
| agents of transmission that bring the microorganisms from the reservoir to the host, a living entity |
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Term
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Definition
| agents of transmission that bring the microorganisms from the reservoir to the host, a nonliving entity |
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Term
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Definition
| diseases that infect animal populations that then accidentally infect human populations |
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Term
| How does Epithelial lining provide protection? |
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Definition
| the first defenses are external and internal body surfaces that are in relatively direct contact with the external environment and as such are the body areas with which microorganisms will initially associate |
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Term
| Epithelial lining in the Skin |
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Definition
(1) physical barrier- tightly packed cells of skin
(2) continual shedding dislodges bacteria
(3)dry and cool environment is not agreeble to bacteria |
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Term
| Epithelial lining in the mucous membranes |
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Definition
(1) traps bacteria
(2)lubricates bacteria so it isn't broken open
(3)contains antibodies |
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Term
| Epithelial lining of the mouth and oral cavity |
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Definition
| protected by the flow of saliva that carries microorganisms away from cell surfaces and contains antibacterial substances which destroy bacterial cell walls |
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Term
| Epithelial lining of the GI tract |
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Definition
Stomach- low pH and proteolytic enzymes
small intestine- bile salts
large intestine-normal flora |
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Term
| Epithelial lining of the upper respiratory tract |
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Definition
| Nasal hairs, sneeze reflex and cilia |
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Term
| Epithelial lining of the female urogenital tract |
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Definition
| Normal flora, low pH (urine) , cervical plug, small urethral opening, flushing action of urine |
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Term
| Secretions and fluids that contain antimicrobial agents |
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Definition
(1) Skin follicles
(2) MALT
(3) Mucous
(4)Saliva
(5) Proteolytic enzymes in stomach
(6) Urine has low pH |
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Term
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Definition
| Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
| ingest via endocytosis and engulf the bacteria in the Phagosome. The Phagosome fuses with the lysosome which contains toxic chemicals and destructive enzymes to destroy the bacteria. |
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Term
| difference between true pathogens and opportunistic pathogens |
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Definition
| true pathogens can cause disease in any circumstance, while opportunistic pathogens can only cause disease when the host’s defense mechanisms are malfunctioning |
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Term
| Manifestation of Inflammation |
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Definition
| (1) swelling due to increased blood flow, (2) redness due to vasodilatation (3) heat due to increased temperature and (4) pain due to tissue damage and pressure |
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Term
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Definition
(1) calls more phagocytes to the site of infection
(2) signals to direct the immune cells to the infection
(3) coagulation causes directed blood flow
(4) cytokines have anti-infective properties |
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Term
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Definition
| a toxin produced by a microorganism that is released into the surrounding environment |
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Term
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Definition
| substance containing lipopolysaccharide complexes found in the cell wall of bacteria, plays a role in the complications of sepsis (shock) |
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