Term
| Bacterial cell wall is made of... |
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Definition
| peptidoglycan layers (disaccharides + 4 AA side chain) |
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Term
| What is penicillin binding protein? |
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Definition
| transpeptidase: links AA side chains of peptidoglycan. Targeted by penicillin |
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Term
| Gram (+) specific component in the cell wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: cholesterol and sterols are found in bacterial cytoplasmic membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 layers of gram (-) bacteria |
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Definition
1. Cytoplasmic membrane
2. Peptidoglycan layer (thinner than gram+)
3. Outer cell membrane |
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Term
| 5 characteristics of gram (-) bacteria surface |
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Definition
1. LPS (lipopolysaccharide) in the outer membrane
2. Murein lipoprotein (connecting outer cell membrane and peptidoglycan layer)
3. Periplasmic space (between cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan layer)
4. Porin protein (in the outer membrane)
5. Thinner peptidoglycan layer (less crosslinking between AAs) |
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Term
| Two pertinent parts of LPS (lipopolysaccharide) in the outer membrane of gram (-) bacteria |
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Definition
1. O-specific antigen (side chain)
2. Lipid A (gram- endotoxin. Causes fever, diarrhea, endotoxic shock) |
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Term
| Low molecular weight molecules can diffuse better through gram(+)/(-) cell walls |
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Definition
| gram (+). In gram (-), LPS in the outer membrane prevents molecule entry |
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Term
| 4 categories of bacteria according to morphology (shape) |
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Definition
1. Cocci
2. Bacilli
(Coccobacilli)
3. Spirals
4. Pleomorphic (jelly-like) |
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Term
| two groups of gram(+) cocci? |
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Definition
1. streptococcus (strips)
2. staphylococcus (clusters) |
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Term
| two groups of gram (+) bacilli that make spores? |
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Definition
1. Bacillus
2. Clostridium |
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Term
| Two groups of gram(+) bacilli that do NOT make spores? |
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Definition
1. Corynebacterium
2. Listeria |
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Term
| What is the only one gram(-) cocci? |
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Definition
| Nisseria. It forms dipplococci |
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Term
| What is the only one gram(-) spiral bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the spirochete that causes syphilis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mycobacteria--stains and examples? |
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Definition
1. Acid-fast stain (weak gram+)
2. TB, leprosy |
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Term
Spirochetes
- detection method, two characteristics |
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Definition
1. darkfield microscope (too small to see the gram- stain with light microscope)
2. outer membrane has a lot of phospholipid, periplasmic flagella |
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Term
| Which group of bacteria does not have cell wall, and thus have neither gram(+) nor gram(-)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is antibiotics resistant gene stored? |
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Definition
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Term
| The size of bacterial ribosome |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacterial ribosome unit 50S is targeted by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacterial ribosome unit 30S is targeted by... |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 categories of bacteria according to their O2 metabolic characteristics |
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Definition
1. Obligate aerobe
2. Facultative anaerobe
3. Microaerophilic bacteria
4. Obligate anaerobe |
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Term
| 3 bacterial enzymes that obligate aerobes have |
|
Definition
1. Catalase: H2O2 --> 2H2O + O2
2. Peroxidase: H2O2
3. Superoxide Dismutase: O2- + O2- --> H2O2 + O2 |
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Term
| What is facultative anaerobe? |
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Definition
| Can grow w/o O2, but prefers O2 |
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Term
| What are microaerophilic bacteria? |
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Definition
* Has only superoxide dismutase (no catalase, perioxidase)
* Fermentation, no e- transport chain
* Can tolerate low level of O2 |
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Term
| Name two obligate intracellular bacteria: |
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Definition
Chlamydia
Rickettsia (genus of motile, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that can present as cocci) |
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Term
| Three steps of respiration |
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Definition
| glycolysis, Krebs (TCA) cycle, e- transportation chain |
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|
Term
| What is "Embden-Myerhof pathway"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 categories of bacteria based on energy source |
|
Definition
1. autotroph (inorganic energy source)
2. heterotroph (organic carbon source)
3. chemoheterotroph (chemical & organic): all medically important bacteria |
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Term
| Name obligate anaerobes (one each for gram+ and gram-) |
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Definition
gram+: clostridium
gram-: bacteroides |
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Term
| Genus of bacteria that are gram+ microaerophilic? |
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Definition
| Streptococcus (some species are facultative anaerobes) |
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Term
| Two gram(-) microaerophilics? |
|
Definition
1. Spirochetes (Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira)
2. Campylobacter |
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Term
| Some gram+ facultative anaerobes? |
|
Definition
Staphylococcus
Bacillus anthracis
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Actinomyces |
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Term
| Most gram- rods are... (in O2 use) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nocardia (acid-fast)
Bacillus cereus |
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Term
| Gram(-) obligate aerobes? |
|
Definition
Neisseria
Pseudomonas
Bordetella
Legionella
Brucella |
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Term
| Acid-fast bacteria are (in O2-use) |
|
Definition
| Obligate aerobes (Mycobacterium, Nocardia) |
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Term
| Mycoplasma are (in O2-use) |
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Definition
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