Term
| What are the two appendages for bacteria? |
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Definition
1. Flagellum
2. Pilus/ Fimbria |
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Term
| Chemical Composition - Flagellum |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical Composition - Pilus/ Fimbria |
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Definition
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Term
| Function - Pilus/ Fimbria |
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Definition
| Mediates adherence of bacteria to cell surface; sex pilus forms during conjugation |
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Term
| What is the specialized structure of Gram + organisms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical Composition - Spore |
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Definition
| Keratin-like coat; dipicolinic acid; peptidoglycan; DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Gram + only
Survival: resist heat, dehydration, and chemicals. |
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Term
| What are the components of the cell envelope? |
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Definition
Capsule
Glycocalyx
Outer Membrane
Periplasm
Cell Wall
Cytoplasmic Membrane |
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Term
| Chemical Composition - Capsule |
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Definition
| Organized, discreet polysaccharide layer (except poly-D glutamate on B. anthracis). |
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Term
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Definition
| Protects against phagocytosis |
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Term
| Chemical Composition - Glycocalyx |
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Definition
| Loose network of polysaccharides. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mediates adherence to surfaces, especially foreign surfaces (eg, indwelling catheters) |
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Term
| Chemical Composition - Outer Membrane |
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Definition
Outer leaflet: contains endotoxin (LPS/LOS).
Embedded Proteins: Porins and other outer membrane proteins.
Inner leaflet: phospholipids |
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Term
| Function - Outer Membrane |
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Definition
Gram (-) only
Endotoxin: lipid A induces TNF and IL-1; O polysaccharide component is antigenic.
Most outer membrane proteins are antigenic.
Porins: transport across outer membrane. |
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Term
| Chemical Composition - Periplasm |
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Definition
| Space between cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane in gram (-) bacteria. (Peptidoglycan in middle.) |
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Term
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Definition
Gram (-) only
Accumulates components exiting Gram (-) cells, including hydrolytic enzymes (eg, β-lactamases). |
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Term
| Chemical Composition - Cell Wall |
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Definition
| Peptidoglycan is a sugar backbone with peptide side chains cross-linked by transpeptidases |
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Term
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Definition
| Net-like structure gives rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure damage. |
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Term
| Chemical Composition - Cytoplasmic Membrane |
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Definition
Phospholipid bilayer sac with embedded proteins (eg, penicillin-binding proteins and other enzymes.
Lipoteichoic acid (Gram + only) extend from membrane to exterior. |
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Term
| Function - Cytoplasmic Membrane |
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Definition
Site of oxidative and transport enzymes; Penicillin-binding proteins involved in cell wall synthesis.
Lipoteichoic acids induce TNF and IL-1. |
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Term
| What are components of the cell envelope unique to Gram (+) bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are components of the cell envelope unique to Gram (-) bacteria |
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Definition
Porins
Endotoxin/ LPS
Periplasmic Space (β-lactamase location) |
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