Term
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Definition
| only in bacteria, layers of polysaccharide chains linked by short peptides, N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). In Gram pos PG is cross linked by peptide bonds. Lysozyme cleaves PG. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram neg only. Barrier to host enzymes and some antibiotics, contains many proteins such as porins, readily exposed to host. |
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Term
| Lipopolysaccharide (Endotoxin) |
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Definition
| Major mediator of inflammation/fever for Gram neg. Three units: lipid A (toxic) core polysacc, O-antigen polysacc side chains. |
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Term
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Definition
| Polymers of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate in outer layer of Gram pos cell wall. Two types: wall TA and lipoteichoic TA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack sterols, functions in electron transport (no mitochondria) |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of flagellin, flagellar antigens are used to identify different strains. Cocci do not have flagella. Number/location of flagella varies with species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gelatinous covering composed of polysacc. except B. anthracis. Small antigenic differences distinguish serotypes/serogroups. Virulence factor that inhibits phagocytosis and complement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Short filaments composed of pilin, mediate attachment and transfer of DNA. Adhesin at tip. Specialized sex pilus attaches male to female. Pili can be retracted to bring bacterium closer to attached target. |
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Term
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Definition
| Some genera stop growth and produce spores when conditions are not optimal, resist drying, heat, radiation and chemicals. When conditions improve spores germinate. Some spores, such as with B. anthracis, are the infectious form. |
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Term
| Gram positive bacterial traits |
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Definition
| Thick, cross-linked PG, no LPS, no outer membrane (or periplamic space), no porins, have TA, WTA, LTA. |
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Term
| Gram negative bacterial traits |
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Definition
| Thin PG with less cross links, LPS is major component of outside of outer membrane, have periplasm, have porins, do not form spores. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lysis of cell, DNA taken up by another bacterium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phage obtains some bacterial DNA and transmits it to another host. |
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Term
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Definition
| Free or integrated plasmid or even regular DNA moves through sex pilus to another organism. |
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