Term
|
Definition
| six base pair sequence (hexamer) centered about 10 bp upstream from transcription start site, TATAAT, melts during early stage of transcription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hexamer centered about 35 bp upstream from transcription initiation site, TTGACA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short RNA molecules are synthesized and release before transcription can progress from initiation complex to to elongation stage; reason: transcript a few nucleotides in length bumps into loop formed by DNA in open promoter complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nontemplate strand, has same base sequence as RNA molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idealized sequence (-10 box or -35 box), which indicates most frequently found base in each position of many actual sequences, allows cell to regulate genes based on strength of RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthesizes RNA molecules from single-stranded and nicked DNA templates, cannot use intact circular double-stranded DNA as template |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estimates size of region of DNA where contact by RNA polymerase holoenzyme is made, by selectively degrading adjacent DNA bases with DNase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplementary TG one base upstream from -10 box that helps RNA polymerase holoenzyme bind to promoters that lack a -35 box |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shows that RNA-polymerase combines with promoter DNA to form a closed and an open complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses core RNA polymerase's intrinsic catalytic activity to terminate transcription, requires G-C rich inverted repeat and U-tail on RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by DNA melting downstream past transcription start site; template strand directed to active site tunnel; beta and beta' pincers clamp on downstream channel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific initiation signals that the holoenzyme recognizes and binds to to let transcription begin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of RNA polymerase away from the promoter as sigma factor is released from beta flap |
|
|
Term
| rho-dependent termination |
|
Definition
| Rho factor loads onto nascent mRNAs at C-rich region; conformational changes; Rho pursuses RNA and unwinds RNA from DNA, allowing RNA polymerase to disengage transcription elongation complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hexameric helicase with C-terminal domain w/ ATP binding site for helicase activity and N-terminal domain w/ primary binding site for single-stranded RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (rut) cytosine-rich region that contains 40 or more nucleotides to which Rho factor loads onto nascent mRNAs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binds to RNA polymerase and inhibits formation of first or second phosphodiester bond only during initiation stage of transcription, so that inhibited enzyme remains bound to promoter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA polymerase holoenzyme |
|
Definition
| large multisubunit protein with six subunits, consisting of core enzyme and sigma factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recognizes promoter, does not form phosphodiester bonds, part of RNA polymerase holoenzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dictates sequence of newly synthesized RNA molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transcription elongation complex |
|
Definition
| consists of core RNA polymerase, template DNA, and growing RNA train |
|
|
