Term
- Gram positive cocci in clusters
- Catalase positive
- Facultative anaerobe
- Ferments mannitol
- DNase positive
- Beta-hemolytic
- Coagulase positive
- One of the most important human pathogens
- Causes Scalded Skin Syndrome and Toxic Shock Syndrome
- Contains the exotoxins coagulase, fibrinolysin, lipase
- Strains can be resistant to methicillin and vancomycin
- Grows on PEA, Columbia CNA, and chocolate agar
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram positive cocci in clusters
- Catalase positive
- Coagulase negative
- Does not ferment mannitol
- DNase negative
- Normal flora of skin and mucous membranes
- Opportunistic pathogen; causes prosthetic valve endocarditis, urinary tract infections, wound infections
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Susceptible to novobiocin
- Virulence factor is "slime"
- Grows on blood, PEA, Columbia CNA, and chocolate agar
|
|
Definition
| Staphylococcus epidermidis |
|
|
Term
- Gram positive cocci in clusters
- Found on skin and mucosal membranes of the genitoruinary tract
- Common cause of urinary tract infections in young, sexually active females
- Coagulase negative
- DNase negative
- Resistant to novobiocin
- Grows on PEA, Columbia CNA, and chocolate agar
|
|
Definition
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
|
|
Term
- Gram positive cocci in pairs or chains
- Catalase negative
- Beta-hemolytic
- Susceptible to bacitracin
- Causes bacterial pharyngitis, rheumatic heart disease, acute rheumatic fever, pyoderma, necrotizing fasciitis
- PYR positive
- Contains streptolysins O and S, erythrogenic toxin, streptokinase, hyaluronidase
- Bile esculin negative
- Hippurate negative
- A throat swab is used to collect a specimen
- Catgorized as Lancefield A
|
|
Definition
| Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) |
|
|
Term
- Gram positive cocci in pairs or chains
- Catalase negative
- Beta- or gamma-hemolytic
- CAMP factor positive
- Bacitracin resistant
- Bile esculin negative
- May be carried as normal flora in vaginal and gastrointestinal tract
- Pregnant women should be screened for this bacteria
- Major cause of neonatal meningitis and sepsis
- Shows "arrowhead" hemolysis when grown on blood agar with beta-hemolytic S. aureus
- PYR negative
- Classified as Lancefield B
|
|
Definition
| Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) |
|
|
Term
- Gram positive cocci in pairs that are lancet-shaped and arrange in chains
- Requires 5-10% carbon dioxide on blood agar
- Alpha-hemolytic
- In 24 hr, mucoid colonies with a capsule
- Susceptible to optochin
- Causes community acquired pheumonia
- Transmitted through respiratory droplets
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram positive cocci in pairs or chains
- Alpha-hemolytic
- Resistant to optochin
- Bile resistant
- Catalase negative
- Normal flora of human oropharynx, gastrointestinal, and female genital tract
- Causes subacute bacterial endocarditis
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram positive cocci in pairs or chains
- Catalase negative
- Alpha- or gamma-hemolytic on blood agar
- Bile esculin positive
- PYR negative
- Unable to grow in 6.5% NaCl broth
- Susceptible to penicillin
- Possess Lancefield Group D antigen
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram positive cocci in pairs or chains
- Catalase negative
- Alpha- or gamma-hemolytic
- Bile esculin positive
- Grows in 6.5% NaCl broth
- PYRase positive
- Penicillin resistant
- 80-90% of human infections are caused by this species
- Normal flora of gastrointestinal and genitoruinary tract, on the skin, and in oral cavity
- May cause urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal abscesses, endocarditis
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram positive cocci in pairs or chains
- Catalase negative
- Alpha- or gamma-hemolytic
- Bile esculin positive
- Grow in 6.5% NaCl broth
- PYRase positive
- Penicillin resistant
- Normal flora of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, on the skin, and in oral cavity
- May cause urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal abscesses, endocarditis
- Causes 5-10% of human infections
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative diplococci with flattened adjacent sides (kidney or coffee bean shape)
- May resist decolorization
- Oxidase positive
- Catalase positive
- Grows on chocolate agar, Modified Thayer-Martin, Martin-Lewis, New York City, and JEMBEC medium
- Significant pathogen of urogenital tract
- Dacron or rayon fibers are used to collect a specimen
- Requires growth in 3-5% carbon dioxide
- Utilizes glucose
- Endocervical specimens are collected from females
- Small, grayish white, convex, translucent, shiny colonies with either smooth or irregular margins on chocolate agar
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative diplococci with "kidney or coffee bean" shape
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- Utilizes glucose and maltose
- Normal flora of upper respiratory tract, but can cause meningococcemia, septic shock with hemorrhage in the adrenal glands, and bacterial meningitis
- Infection is spread in college dorms and miltary bases
- Medium, smooth, round, moist, gray to white colonies on chocolate agar
- Can grow on Thayer-Martin, modified Thayer-Martin, and Martin-Lewis agar
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative diplococci with "kidney or coffee bean" shape
- Can resist decolorization and appear as gram positive cocci in pairs, tetrads, and small clusters
- Oxidase positive
- DNase positive
- Cannot utilize carbohydrates
- Normal commensal of respiratory tract
- Causes upper respratory tract infections in healthy children and the elderly
- Large, nonpigmented or gray, "hockey puck" colonies on chocolate agar
- Clinicall significant when bacteria are accompanied with polymorphonuclear neutrophils
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase negative
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Oxidase negative
- IMViC (indole, methyl red, VP, citrate): + + - -
- Lysine positive
- ONPG positive
- TSI (triple sugar): A/A, H2S negative
- Yellow colonies on Hektoen Enteric/ XLD agar
- Pink colonies on MacConkey agar
- Resistant to penicillins, erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, and ampicillin
- Causes urinary tract infections, meningitis, Traveler's Diarrhea, dysentery
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Catalase positive
- ONPG negative
- Reduces nitrate to nitrite
- TSI: K/A, H2S positive
- IMViC: - + - +
- Lysine positive
- Positive motility
- PYR negative
- Contains O, H, and Vi antigens
- Urease negative
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Red colonies with black centers on XLD agar
- Clear colonies on MacConkey agar
- Causes gastroenteritis and enterocolitis and typhoid fever
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase negative
- TSI: K/A, H2S negative
- IMViC: V + - -
- ONPG negative
- Negative motility
- Urea negative
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Clear colonies on MacConkey agar
- Green colonies on Hektoen enteric agar
- Causes bacillary dysentery
- Contains antigen B
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase negative
- ODC positive
- ONPG positive
- IMViC: V + - -
- TSI: K/A, H2S negative
- Negative motility
- Ornithine decarboxylase positive
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Urea negative
- Smooth, round, bud-like colonies
- Contains antigen D
- Causes bacillary dysentery
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Oxidase negative
- IMViC: + + - -
- TSI: K/A, H2S positive
- Urea negative
- Positive motility
- ONPG negative
- Most positive for lysin
- Ferments glucose with gas production
- Phenylalanine deaminase negative
- Gamma-hemolytic
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Oxidase negative
- IMViC: - + - -
- Nonmotile at 37 degrees Celsius
- Urea negative
- Ferments glucose
- Reduces nitrate to nitrite
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Facultative anerobe
- Primarily a disease of rodents
- Agent of black plague
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Oxidase negative
- IMViC: V + - -
- Urea positive
- Nonmotile at 37 degrees Celsius
- "Bull's eye" colonies on CIN agar after 48 hrs.
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Can survive cold temperatures
- Can mimic appendicitus and cause acute enteritis
- Found in contaminated pork
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Oxidase negative
- Reduces nitrate to nitrite
- IMViC: - + - -
- Urea positive
- Nonmotile at 37 degrees Celsius
- Gamma-hemolytic
|
|
Definition
| Yersinia pseudotuberculosis |
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Catalase negative
- TSI: A/A, H2S negative
- IMViC: - - + +
- Negative motility
- Lysine positive
- ONPG positive
- PAD negative
- Arginine negative
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Pink colonies on MacConkey agar
- Yellow colonies on Hektoen enteric/ XLD agar
- Causes pneumonia and urinary tract infections
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase negative
- IMViC: - - + +
- TSI: A/A, H2S negative
- Lysine positive
- Arginine negative
- Urea negative
- Reduces nitrate to nitrite
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Slightly mucoid, grey-white colonies
- Pink colonies on MacConkey agar
- Yellow colonies on Hektoen enteric/ XLD agar
- Causes meningitis and urinary and respiratory infections
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase negative
- IMViC: - - + +
- TSI: A/A, H2S negative
- Reduces nitrate to nitrite
- Urea positive
- Positive motility
- Pink colonies on MacConkey agar
- Yellow colonies on Hektoen enteric/ XLD agar
- Causes urinary tract infections, endocarditis, septic arthritis, respiratory infections
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Oxidase negative
- Catalase negative
- IMViC: - - + +
- TSI: A/A, H2S negative
- Positive motility
- Reduces nitrate to nitrite
- ONPG positive
- Lysine positive
- Ornithine positive
- Urease negative
- Lipase negative
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Pink colonies on MacConkey agar
- Colonies show a red pigment
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Oxidase negative
- Catalase positive
- IMViC: - + V V
- TSI: K/A, H2S positive
- ONPG negative
- Reduces nitrate to nitrite
- Produces acid from glucose
- Arginine negative
- Lysine negative
- Swarming motility
- Ornithine positive
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Most frequent isolate from clinical specimens
- Common cause of urinary tract infections and wound infections
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Oxidase negative
- Catalase positive
- IMViC: + + - -
- TSI: A/A, H2S positive
- Ornithine negative
- Urea negative
- Lysine negative
- Arginine negative
- ONPG negative
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Swarming motility
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Oxidase negative
- TSI: K/A, H2S negative
- Negative motility
- PAD positive
- Urea positive
- Reduces nitrate to nitrite
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Clear or pale pink colonies on MacConkey agar
- Yellow or colorless colonies on Hektoen enteric/ XLD agar
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Oxidase negative
- IMViC: + + - -
- TSI: K/A, H2S negative
- Urea positive
- Negative motility
- PAD positive
- Ornithine positive
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Clear or pale pink colonies on MacConkey agar
- Colorless or red colonies on Hektoen enteric/ XLD agar
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli surrounded by flagella
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase negative
- IMViC: - + - +
- TSI: K/A and A/A, H2S positive
- ONPG positive
- Lysine negative
- Ferments glucose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose
- Low convex, gray, medium sized, translucent to opaque colonies with glossy surfaces
- Normal flora of gastrointestinal tract
- Causes urinary and respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Oxidase negative
- Positive motility
- Indole negative
- Urease negative
- VP positive
- Lysine positive
- ONPG positive
- Ferments glucose with gas production
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Reduces nitrate to nitrite
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Oxidase positive
- Ferments glucose and inositol but not lactose or sucrose
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Reduces nitrate to nitrite
- Motile by a polar flagella
- Shiny, opaque colonies
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Long, thin gram negative bacilli
- Oxidase positive
- Utilizes glucose, fructose, and xylose but not lactose or sucrose
- Single polar flagellum
- May be encapsulated
- Aerobic but can grow without oxygen if nitrate is available as a respiratory electron acceptor
- Aluminum foil or metallic sheen
- Sweet, fruity odor
- Characteristic of cystic fibrosis patients
- Fluoresces under UV light
- Rough, spreading colonies with ground glass appearance and serrated or jagged edges
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- Nonproteolytic
- Gelatin negative
- Positive motility
- Arginine positive
- Yellow fluorescent colonies
- Causes urinary tract and wound infections
- Cannot grow above 35 degrees Celsius
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- DNase negative
- Utilizes glucose and mannitol
- Medium to large, mucoid, smooth, white colonies on blood agar
- Mostly causes plant infections and food spoilage
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Weak positive catalase test
- Positive motility
- DNase negative
- Lysine positive
- Oxidizes glucose, maltose, lactose, and mannitol
- Lactose negative
- Resistant to aminoglycosides
- Smooth and slightly raised yellow or green colonies on blood agar with a "dirt-like" odor
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Oxidase positive
- Positive motility
- Oxidizes lactose
- Arginine positive
- Resistant to colistin and polymyxin B
- Nonlactose fermentor on MacConkey agar, but can appear pink after 4-7 days
- Musty or earthy odor
- Smooth and mucoid or dry and wrinkled colonies on blood agar
- Etiologic agent of melioidosis
|
|
Definition
| Burkholderia pseudomallei |
|
|
Term
- Pleomorphic, aerobic gram negative bacilli
- Appears as coccobacillus in singles, pairs, and short chains
- Can resemble as gram positive cocci when grown in liquid medium or direct Gram stains
- Oxidase negative
- Nonmotile
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Nonlactose fermenter
- Gelatin and lysine negative
- Called "Iraqibacter"
- Nosocomial pathogen; causes severe pneumonia and bloodstream and urinary tract infections
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Oxidase negative
- Catalase positive
- Weakly oxidizes maltose and glucose
- DNase positive
- ONPG positive
- Arginine negative
- Ornithine negative
- Decarboxylates lysine
- Causes pneumonia and cystic fibrosis, urinary tract infections through Foley catheters, bloodstream infections through intravenous lines
|
|
Definition
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia |
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Oxidase negative
- Positive motility
- Nitrate positive but nitrite negative
- Asaccharolytic
- "Green apple" odor
- Thin, spreading colony with irregular edges on blood agar; can produce green discoloration
- Opportunistic pathogen
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase negative
- Oxidase positive
- Oxidizes glucose and xylose
- Reduces nitrate to nitrite
- Causes cirrhosis, bacteriemia, meningitis, pneumonia, peritonitis
- White, smooth, round colonies on blood agar
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- PDA positive
- Utilizes glucose, lactose, and sucrose
- Positive motility
- Causes urinary tract infections and urosepsis
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Polar, sheatheed flagella when grown in broth, but have peritrichous unsheathed flagella when grown on solid media
- Oxidase positive
- Facultative anaerobe
- Urease negative
- Citrate positive
- Indole positive
- Causative agent of cholera or epidemia cholera
- Must grow on thiosulfate citrate bile salts (TCBS) sucrose agar and other enrichment media
- Incubation period is 8-48 hrs.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative, straight, comma-shaped, or curved bacilli with a single polar flagellum
- Catalase positive
- Sucrose negative
- Gamma-hemolytic
- LDC positive
- ADH negative
- Requires growing in increased CO2 and salt environment
- Found in shrimp, oysters, crabs
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative straight, comma-shaped, or curved bacilli with a single polar flagellum
- Catalase positive
- LDC positive
- ADH negative
- Sucrose negative
- Grow in increased CO2 and salt environment
- Found in shrimp, oysters, and crabs
- Causes gastroenteritis, wound infections, septicemia
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative straight, comma-shaped, or curved bacilli with a single polar flagellum
- Catalase positive
- Sucrose negative
- VP negative
- Found in shrimp, oysters, and crabs
- Grow in increased CO2 and salt environment
- Causes gastroenteritis, wound infections, septicemia
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative straight, comma-shaped, or curved bacilli with a single polar flagellum
- Catalase positive
- Sucrose positive
- VP positive
- LDC positive
- ADH negative
- Found in shrimp, oysters, and crabs
- Grow in increased CO2 and salt environment
- Causes gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli with spirals and seagull wings
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- Hippurate negative
- H2S positive
- CAMPY-BAP is used to isolate this species
- Must grow in microaerophilic and capnophilic environment with gas mixture of approximately 85% N and 5-10% O2 and 10% CO2
- Incubation is at 42 degrees Celsius
- Causes Guillain-Barre
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Small gram negative bacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- Xylose positive
- ALA negative
- Reduces nitrates
- Requires both factors X and V
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Most important virulence factor is capsule
- Most common cause of bacterial otitis media and acute sinusitis
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Small gram negative coccobacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- Xylose negative
- ALA negative
- Requires both factors X and V to grow
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Causes meningitis in children
- Likes to grow around S. aureus
- Needs moisture to grow
|
|
Definition
| Haemophilus influenzae aegyptius |
|
|
Term
- Tiny gram negative bacilli resembling "school of fish"
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- ALA negative
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Cannot utilize glucose, sucrose, lactose, and fructose
- Requires X factor to grow
- Causes chancroid, a venereal disease
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase negative
- Ferments glucose
- Urease negative
- Requires chocolate agar with IsoVitale XTM or charcoal-yeast agar to grow
- Agent of tularemia
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- Flat, wet colonies on sheep blood and chocolate agars
- Transmitted through bites, scratches, and licking of skin breaks by dogs, cats, and other animals
- Contains endotoxin, capsule, hemagglutins, and cytotoxins as virulence factors
- Purulent material or tissue from bite wound are usually examined
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Nonmotile
- Strict aerobe
- Smooth, mucoid, convex colonies resembling "mercury drops" with a pearly luster on Bordet-Gengou medium with 20% blood with diffuse zone of hemolysis after 7 days
- Requires 3-7 days incubation in moist container
- Best cultured on charcoal-containing medium and Bordet-Gengou medium with 20% blood
- Causes whooping cough
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- Urease positive
- Smooth, raised, and translucent colonies
- Facultative intracellular pathogens that can reside within phagocytic cells
- Spread through ingestion of unpasteurized milk
- Causes undulant fever
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase negative
- Indole negative
- Nitrate positive
- Requires an increased CO2 (5-10%) environment
- Usual flora of oral cavity
- Significant cause of endocarditis
|
|
Definition
| Aggregatibacter (Haemophilus) aphrophilus |
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase negative
- Oxidase positive
- Indole positive
- Nitrate negative
- Negative motility
- Star-shaped centered colonies on blood agar
- Require an increased CO2 (5-10%) environment
- Will not grow on MacConkey agar
- Usual flora of oral cavity
|
|
Definition
| Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans |
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli with bulbous (swollen) ends
- Catalase negative
- Oxidase positive
- Indole positive
- Urease negative
- Nitrate negative
- Glucose, sucrose, and mannitol positive
- Requires increased CO2 (5-10%) environment
- Cannot grow on MacConkey agar
- Causes endocarditis
- Usual flora of oral cavity
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Oxidase positive
- Catalase negative
- Indole negative
- Nitrate positive
- Glucose, mannitol, and sucrose negative
- Requires an increased CO2 (5-10%) environment
- Significant cause of endocarditis
- Usual flora of oral cavity
- Produces a bleach-like odor
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative plump bacilli in chains
- Oxidase positive
- Catalase negative
- Indole negative
- Nitrate negative
- Glucose positive
- Colonies show small but distinct zones of beta-hemolysis
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram negative filamentous bacilli
- Catalase negative
- Oxidase negative
- Indole negative
- Urease negative
- Requires media enriched with whole blood, serum or ascitic fluid
- Circular, convex, gray, smooth, glistening colonies with a fried egg appearance
- Normal flora of oropharynx of rodents
- Causes Rat Bite Fever and Haverhill Fever
|
|
Definition
| Streptobacillus moniliformis |
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- Ferments glucose, trehalose, N. acetylglucosamine, and gluconate
- Cannot ferment L-arabinose, D-galactose or D-maltose
- Rare cause of human infection
|
|
Definition
| Chromobacterium violaceum |
|
|
Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- Sucrose negative
- H2S positive
- Small, opaque, yellow-pigmented, shiny, nonhemolytic colonies
- Causes bacteriemia following dog bites
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Large, sporeforming gram positive bacilli in chians
- Gamma-hemolytic
- Spores viable for up to 50 years
- Produces acid from glucose, sucrose, and maltose
- Susceptible to penicillin
- Negative motility
- Can grow on Columbia colistin-nalidixic acid (CNA) agar, bicarbonate agar, mannitol-egg yolk-polymyxin (MYP), polymyxin-egg yolk-mannitol bromothymol blue agar
- Causes anthrax, Wollsorters' disease, adn progressive endophthalmitis
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Large, sporeforming gram positive bacilli in chains
- Beta-hemolytic
- Positive motility
- Resistant to penicillin
- Citrate positive
- VP positive
- Gelatin hydrolysis positive
- Associated with fried rice
- Causes opportunistic infections of the eye, as well as meningitis, septicemia, and osteomyelitis
- Causes diarrheal syndrome
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram positive bacilli, appearing in pallisades and give "Chinese letter" arrangement
- Catalase positive
- Does not produce spores
- Non-acid fast
- Ferments glucose, maltose, and sucrose
- Produces a halo on cysteine-tellurite blood agar and modified Tinsdale (TIN) agar
- Methlyene blue smear is used to detect granules
- Produces metachromatic graules ("Babes' Ernst" bodies)
- Causes diphtheria
|
|
Definition
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
|
|
Term
- Gram positive bacilli
- Catalase positive
- Oxidase positive
- Lipophilic positive
- Urease negative
- Non-acid fast
- Produces no spores
- Pinpoint, white colonies on blood agar
- Causes nosocomial infections and septicemia, skin infections,a nd other infections in immunocompromised hosts
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Gram positive non-spore forming coccobacilli
- Catalase positive
- Ferments glucose
- VP positive
- Esculin hydrolysis positive
- "Umbrella" motility at 25 degrees Celsius
- Produces a "block" type of hemolysis in CAMP test
- Grows in 6.5% NaCL
- Patients who are immunocompromised and women who are pregnant should avoid eating soft cheeses
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Long and filamentous, non-spore forming gram positive bacilli
- Also may appear as coccobacillary in chains and palisades and pleomorphic gram positive bacilli
- Catalase, H2S, motility, esculin, glucose, nitrate, and urease negative
- Commensal or normal flora in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract
- Tiny, pinpoint, alpha-hemolytic to large, rough, gray colonies on blood agar
- Causes bacteriemai, enodcarditis, and pneumonia
|
|
Definition
|
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Term
- Gram positive, non-spore forming, pleomorphic bacilli that may form long filaments, may be arranged singly, in short chains, or in a V shape
- Catalase negative
- Produces H2S on TSI agar
- Can cause disease in animals (swine, turkey, sheep)
- Humans acquire infection through occupational exposure
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Definition
| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae |
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Term
- Gram positive, non-spore forming, short, pleomorphic bacilli or coccobacilli
- Catalase and oxidase negative
- Hippurate hydrolysis positive
- Beta-hemolytic on human blood agar, but gamma-hemolytic on sheep blood agar
- Produces small, gray, opaque colonies with diffuse zone of beta-hemolysis
- Associated with bacterial vaginosis
- Results in foul-smelling discharge and vaginal pH greater than 4.5
- Observation of clue cells in wet mounts is helpful
- Sensitive to metronidazole and ampicillin
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Definition
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Term
- Gram positive bacilli with terminal spores, resembling a tennis racket, lollipop, or drumstick
- Catalase negative
- Slightly beta-hemolytic
- Lipase positive
- Lecithinase negative
- Obligate anaerobe
- Produces powerful neurotoxin that causes constant muscle contraction
- Grows on egg yolk agar
- Causes tetanus
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Definition
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Term
- Gram positive bacilli with subterminal spores
- Catalase negative
- Lipase positive
- Obligate anaerobe
- Exotoxin is detected in serum, stool, and food
- Grows on egg yolk agar
- Infants should not eat honey when this bacteria is present
- Causes infantile botulism after ingestion of spores
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Definition
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Term
- Large, straight-edged gram positive bacilli in chains
- Usually unwilling to produce its central or subterminal spore
- Exhibits double zone of beta-hemolysis
- Lipase negative
- Lecithinase positive
- Indole negative
- DNase positive
- Positive motility
- Black colonies with 2-4mm opaque white zone on egg yolk agar
- Causes gas gangrene,m myonecrosis, pleuropulmonary infections, and post-abortion sepsis
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Definition
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Term
- Gram positive bacilli with subterminal spores
- Catalase negative
- Lecithinase negative
- Ferments glucose and fructose
- Poistive motility
- Obligate anaerobe
- Characteristic horse manure or barnyard odor
- Most common causative agent of antibiotic associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis
- Specimen (fresh stool) should be planted on anaerobic blood agar and cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar (CCFA)
- Clinically significant when it produces toxins
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Definition
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Term
- Long, thin gram positive bacilli that branch like a tree and grow in a mass
- Can break into short club-shaped rods
- May have abeaded or banded look
- Reduces nitrates
- Catalase and indole negative
- Characteristic white molar tooth colony
- Aerotolerant, but grows better under anaerobic conditions
- Normal flora of upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, and female genital tracts
- Causes purulent masses to form as weel as sinus tracts with discharge that can contain sulfur granule colonies
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Definition
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Term
- Clubbed, pleomorphic, pallisading gram positive bacilli (anaerobic diphtheroids)
- Catalase, indole, and nitrate positive
- Aerotoleratn, but grows best in anaerobic environment
- Normal skin flora
- Most frequent blood culture contaminant
- Causes acne and prosthetic infections in heart, valves, and joints
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Definition
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Term
- Gram negative coccobacilli or rods
- Appear to ahve swellings or clear vacuoles in cells
- Saccharolytic
- Catalase positive
- Bile resistant
- Resistant to penicillin 2-unit disks
- Obligate anaerobe
- Grows well in 20% bile
- Largest portion of normal gastrointestinal flora
- Causes widespread tissue necrosis, appendicitis, and peritonitis
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Definition
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Term
- Long, thin fusiform to very pleomorphic gram negative bacilli
- Catalase negative
- Resistant to vaoncomycin but sensitive to kanamycin and colistin
- Growth not stimulated by 20% bile
- Bread crumb-like colonies
- Normal flora of oral tract, upper respiratory tract, and female genital tract
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Definition
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Term
- Gram negative cocci in pairs, short chains, or clumps
- Indole positive
- High sensitivity to oxygen
- Requires growing in an anaerobic chamber or glove box
- Resistant to vancomycin but sensitive to kanamycin and colistin
- Commensal flora in oral cavity and respiratory and gastrointestinal tract
- Causes prosthetic joint infections
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Definition
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Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase poistive
- Indole positive
- Asaccharolytic
- Will not grow on bile esculin
- Susceptible to kanamycin
- Brick red fluorescence under ultraviolet light
- Requires incubation of 48 hrs. to 2 weeks
- Normal flora of the oropharynx, nose, and urogenital and gastrintestinal tract
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Definition
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Term
- Long, thin, branching gram positive bacilli
- Catalase negative
- Partially acid fast
- Requires incubation at 35-37 degrees Celsius for 72 hrs. - 4 weeks in 10% CO2
- Waxy, bumpy, velvety, yellow-orange colonies
- Usually causes chronic repiratory and central nervous system infections and necrosis, abscesses, and skin infections
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Definition
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Term
- Gram positive cocci in pairs and chains
- Catalase negative
- H2S positive
- Reduces nitrate
- Indole negative
- Causes perodontitis and abdominal abscess
- Can only grow on anaerobic PEA, CNA, or blood agar
- Small, gray to white colonies on anaerobic blood agar with a sweet putrid odor
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Definition
| Peptostreptococcus anaerobius |
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Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase negative
- Indole positive
- Inhibited by 20% bile
- Lipase positive
- Ferments glucose
- Young colonies are tan/buff in color, whereas older colonies develop a brown pigment
- Can grow on laked blood agar
- Predominant commensal organism in the oral cavity that can cause oral infections
- Normal flora of urogenital tract that can cause infections of the head, neck, and lower respiratory tract
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Definition
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Term
- Gram negative bacilli
- Catalase negative
- Indole negative
- Esculin negative
- Lipase negative
- Black colonies on laked blood agar
- Incubated for 2-3 weeks
- Causes periodontal diseases, mouth abscesses, and endocarditis
- Normal flora of upper respiratory tract
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Definition
| Prevotella melaninogenica |
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Term
- Gram negative narrow bacilli, but Gram stain is poor
- Gelatinase positive
- Positive motility
- Urease negative
- Nitrate reduction negative
- Cannot grow on blood agar, but can grow on buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar
- Requires L-cysteine and a soluble form of iron to grow
- Cannot survive in dry environments
- Circular, glistening, and convex colonies with an entire margin
- Causes Pontiac fever and Legionnaire's disease
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Definition
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