Term
|
Definition
| Superficial infection of skin: face, extremities |
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Term
| Etiologic agents that cause impetigo |
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Definition
Staph. aureus
Strep pyogenes
Mixed infections |
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Term
| Clinical features of imetigo |
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Definition
Honey colored crusts, appear "stuck on"
Involves broken skin, highly infectious
70% w/ red flat areas
Vesicles, blisters
Pruritis, regional lymphadenopathy (may)
Fever-rare |
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Term
|
Definition
Clinical (May resemble HSV or exfoliative cheilitis)
culture: definitive
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Term
|
Definition
Topical or systemic antibiotics
Topical mupirocin 2% ointment
Systemic best for bullous forms- clindamycin, cephalexin, dicloxacillin 1 week |
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Term
|
Definition
Group A beta-hemolutic strep (GAS)
Tonsillitis or pharyngitis initial infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| produces erythrotoxin --> affects BV --> rash |
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Term
| Incubation period of Scarlet Fever |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Scarlet fever transmission routes |
|
Definition
pharyngeal and cutaneous acquisition
Person-to-person via aerosolized microdroplets
Direct contact
Contaminated non-pasteurized milk or food |
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Term
| Scarlet fever clinical features |
|
Definition
Fever (peaks 103, up to 6 days)
Enanthem (mucosal erythema-intraoral pharyngeal petechiae, mucosal sloughing) strawberry tongue to raspberry tongue
Exanthem (rash - sunburn w/ goosepimples) |
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Term
| Which bacterial infection is associated with strawberry tongue initially? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explanation of strawberry tongue |
|
Definition
| by 4th or 5th day red strawberry tongue develops - white coating desquamates to reveal an erythematous dorsal surface w/ hyperplastic fungiform papillae then becomes raspberry tongue or red strawberry tongue |
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Term
| Clinical features of Scarlet Fever |
|
Definition
Rash clears in 1 week
Epithelial desquamation occurs in flakes, smaller flakes on face than trunk, may last 3-8 weeks |
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Term
| Diagnosis of scarlet fever |
|
Definition
| Throat culture or rapid detection method of GAS clinical |
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Term
| Treatment of Scarlet Fever |
|
Definition
| Antibiotics - penicillin or erythromycin |
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Term
| Prognosis of Scarlet fever |
|
Definition
| excellent with treatment; complications include glomerulonephritis or rheumatic fever |
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|
Term
| Description of streptococcal tonsillitis & pharyngitis |
|
Definition
Group A strep causes 15-30% cases of acute pharyngitis in children, 5-10% in adults
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|
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Term
| How streptococcal tonsillitis & pharyngitis is transmitted |
|
Definition
Person-to-person contact, aerosol droplets, occassionally contaminated food
Incubation 2-5 days |
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Term
| Clinical features of Streptococcal tonsillitis and pharyngitis |
|
Definition
| Sore throat, fever (101-104), dysphagia, tonsillar hyperplasia, oropharyngeal erythema, palatal petechiae; cervical lymphadenopathy, yellow tonsillar exudate |
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|
Term
| Diagnosis of Strep tonsillitis & pharyngitis |
|
Definition
| Rapid diagnosis kit, throat culture |
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|
Term
| Treatment for Strep tonsillitis and pharyngitis |
|
Definition
| Penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins (cephalexan), erythromycin if allergic (clarithromycin, azithromycin) |
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|
Term
| True or False: Strep tonsillitis & pharyngitis is no longer contagious after 24 hours of starting the antibiotic. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| 10% arise from odontogenic infection from maxillary teeth, dental trauma, noninflammatory odontogenic pathoses; iatrogenic causes such as extractions, maxillary osteotomies; dental implant placement |
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Term
|
Definition
| Often follows URVI or allergic rhinitis |
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Term
| Causative organisms of Sinusitis |
|
Definition
strep pneumonia, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis
May become chronic anaerobes such as strep, bacteroids or veillonella |
|
|
Term
| Odontogenic infections in sinusitis organisms |
|
Definition
| peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium, Prevotell, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas |
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|
Term
| Definition of Tonsillolithiasis |
|
Definition
Calcified structures composed of bacterial colonies, desquamated keratin and debris
Form within tonsillar crypts
Dev often follows tonsillitis
May become entrapped or impacted |
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|
Term
| Clinical features of tonsillolithiasis |
|
Definition
Any age, mean = 40s
2M:1F
Single, multiple; bilateral or unilateral
Asymptomatic |
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|
Term
| Diagnosis of tonsillolithiasis |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Symptoms of Tonsillolithiasis |
|
Definition
| Pain, abscess formation, ulceration, dysphagia, halitosis, pneumonia (from aspirated material) |
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Term
| Treatment of tonsillolithiasis |
|
Definition
Mechanical enucleation
Irrigation
Antibiotics
Tonsillectomy
Laser cryptolysis |
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|
Term
| Prognosis of tonsillolithiasis |
|
Definition
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Term
| Causative agent of syphilis |
|
Definition
Treponema pallidum (spirochete)
2-3 weeks after exposure |
|
|
Term
| Stages of infection of syphilis |
|
Definition
Primary infection: chancre, 1-12 wks
Secondary: rash, mucous patches; 1-3 months
Latent: asymptomatic
Tertiary: 1/3 of all untreated; 3-30 yrs; thoracic aortic aneurysm; gummas (necrosis due to type IV reaction)
Congenital |
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|
Term
| Clinical features of primary syphilis |
|
Definition
Chancre develops at site of innoculation ulcer (1-2% oral), ulcerated papule painless
Usually heals w/out scarring
Regional lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
| Which stageof syphilis is chancre association with? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Clinical features of syphilis secondary infection |
|
Definition
Fever, malaise, headache, sore throat, myalgia, maculopapuloar rash w/ palmarplantar distribution
Oral: erythema, mucous patches, condyloma lata, ulcerations
Immunocompromised: lues maligna |
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|
Term
| What stage of syphilis infection is lues maligna associated with? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Clinical features of tertiary syphilis infection |
|
Definition
Aneurysm of ascending aorta, CNS
Gumma foci of necrosis
Necrotic tissue in brain
Oral: palate or tongue (fistula created)
Luetic glossitis |
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|
Term
| What is luetic glossitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of congenital syphilis |
|
Definition
| Hutchinson's Triad: 1. Hutchison's teeth (incisors, mulberry molars); 2. Interstitial keratitis; 3. Eighth nerve deafness |
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|
Term
| Which stage of syphilis infection is luetic glossitis associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage of syphilis infection is gumma foci of necrosis associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral erythema, mucous patches, condyloma lata, and ulcerations is associated w/ which stage of infection of syphilis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mulberry molars are associated with what stage of what disease? |
|
Definition
| Congenital stage of syphilis |
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Term
|
Definition
Screening (VDRL, RPR)
Specific (FTA-HBS, TPHA, positive for life) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Penicillin if allergic erythromycin, tetracycline |
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