Term
| What term is defined as a state or condition in which the body or parts of the body is invaded by an infective agent, which multiplies and produces a harmful effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is defined as the presence of bacteria in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bacteremia has multiple causes and generally self-limiting in healthy people? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is defined as bacteremia that is more commonly present in chronically ill and immunocompromised pts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a serious medical condition caused by a severe infection resulting in acute organ dysfunction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What involves bacteremia with acute organ dysfunction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is severe sepsis with hypotension? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a paralytic disease that inhibits the release of acetylcholine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 naturally occuring forms of botulism? |
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Definition
food borne botulism
infant botulism
wound botulism |
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Term
| Is a low fever with septsis a good or bad sign? |
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Definition
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Term
| What foods are most likely to carry botulism? |
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Definition
| most common in the ingestion of poorly packaged or stored canned, smoked, or vacuumed packed meat, fish, or vegetables |
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Term
| What is the *most common* form of botulism infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Infant botulism is related to the ingestion of what substance? |
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Definition
| related to the ingestion of honey by infants |
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Term
| Which form of botulism is rare, but most common in IV drug abuse? |
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Definition
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Term
| Would botulism be a feasible bioterrorism weapon? |
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Definition
| would be very effective but weaponization is extremely difficult |
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Term
| I have a dry mouth and blurred, double vision. My hands and feet are starting to feel weak and it's hard to breath. Oh, and yes, I do use IV drugs. |
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Definition
| botulism: early clinical findings include dry mouth, blurred and double vision; late clinical findings include peripheral mm weakness and respiratory failure |
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Term
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Definition
| ventilatory support and botulinum antitoxin |
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Term
| What organism causes cholera? |
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Definition
| an acute diarrheal illness commonly caused by Vibrio cholerae |
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Term
| Where does cholera most commonly occur? |
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Definition
| in epidemics in areas of inadequate sanitation |
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Term
| What is the key for cholera? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (from oysters: presents the same way as vibrio cholerae) |
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Term
| I suddenly developed a fever and I am constantly on the toilet with tons of greyish thin diarrhea. |
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Definition
| cholera: acute onset of fever and frequent watery diarrhea "rice water stools"; dehydration major problem |
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Term
| (order stool cultures for cholera) |
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Definition
| (3 stool cultures preferably on 3 days) |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid replacement and antibioics targeted at v. cholerae: ciprofloxacin- doxycycline and bactrim |
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Term
| What organism causes diphtheria? |
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Definition
| acute respiratory tract infection caused by Corynebacterium diphteriae |
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Term
| My child has a sore throat, nasal discharge and a fever. She feels awful and her throat is sore. Oh, and did you see that gray color on the back of her throat? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common form of diphtheria, present in childen, presents with what sign? |
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Definition
| gray membrane that covers tonsils and pharynx (must remove membrane to tx disease) |
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Term
| How do you prevent diphtheria |
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Definition
| DPT immunization and boosters |
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Term
| How do you tx diphtheria? |
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Definition
| antitoxin, prevent airway obstruction, abx (penicillin or erythromycin), respiratory isolation |
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Term
What causes salmonellosis?
What are 3 forms of salmonellosis? |
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Definition
An infection as a result of exposure to one of the Salmonella sp. Three of the most common forms are:
-enteric fever
-salmonella gastroenteritis
-salmonella bacteremia |
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Term
| How is enteric (typhoid) fever transmitted? |
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Definition
| Salmonellosis- transmitted by consumption of contaminated food or drink |
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Term
| What is the incubation period of enteric (typhoid) fever? |
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Definition
| salmonellosis- 5-14 day incubation fever |
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Term
| What disease was directly related to the consumption of Peter Pan peanut butter and Great Value peanut butter? |
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Definition
| salmonellosis- outbreak investigation, feb 2007 |
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Term
| What disease infected 425 persons in Tennessee and have been reported to CDC from 44 states? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| salmonellosis- appear during the 2nd week of the disease |
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Term
| I've been slowly feeling worse and worse. I have an awful headache, and my throat is sore. I have a cough, and my fever has been getting worse. I have diarrhea. |
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Definition
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Term
| 10 days ago I started to feel ill. My fever has been getting worse but now it's constant. I have red spots on my body and my tummy is large and sore. My heart is beating very slowly. |
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Definition
| salmonellosis: after 7-10 days of illness fever plateaus, pt appears very ill, rose spots develop, splenomegaly, abdominal distention and tenderness, and occasional bradycardia |
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Term
| What is a common and typically self-limiting form of dysentery? |
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Definition
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Term
| All of a sudden, I have terrible cramping and diarrhea. There is blood and mucous in my diarrhea. I have fever, chills, and I feel terrible. |
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Definition
| shigellosis- acute onset of lower ab cramping, diarrhea (w/blood and mucus present), fever, chills, malaise |
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Term
| How may shigellosis progress? |
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Definition
| may progress causing dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and colonic ulcerations |
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Term
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Definition
| maintain hydration and antibiotics: trimethoprim-sulfamthoxazole (bactrim), and ciprofloxin |
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Term
| What is caused by neurotoxic spores found in the soil which germinate when introduced into an open wound? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is tetanus prevented? |
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Definition
| prevented through immunization and boosters |
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Term
| In what populations is tetanus most common? |
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Definition
| most common in unvaccinated individual |
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Term
| I stepped on a rusty nail and now I have pain and tingling in my foot and now my foot is spasing painfully. |
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Definition
| tetanus: pain and tingling at the site of injury folowed by spasticity of nearby mm |
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Term
| How does tetanus progress? |
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Definition
| starts with pain and tingling at the site of injury followed by spasticity of nearby mm followed by neck and jaw stiffness (trismus) develop with dysphagia and increased irritability, progression to painful "tonic" convulsions |
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Term
| How is tetanus prevented? |
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Definition
| completely preventable by immunization |
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Term
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Definition
| tetanus immune globulin IM, full course of immunization after resolution of acute illness, and acutely: sedation, paralysis, mechanical ventillation, adn penicillin |
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Term
| What is the mortality of tetanus? |
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Definition
| very high mortality with progressive illness (40%) |
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Term
| What is a naturally occuring disease of several domestic animals that is transmitted to humans from contaminated animals, animal products, or soil through the inoculation of open skin, mucus membranes, and inhalation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of anthrax? |
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Definition
| cutaneous, inhalation, and GI |
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Term
| When does cutaneous anthrax present? |
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Definition
| occurs w/in 2 weeks after exposure, most commonly on an exposed area of skin |
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Term
| I had a red bump that opened up and now it's black-ish purple. |
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Definition
| anthrax: begins as an erythematous papule, then ulcerates, becomes necrotic, then forms a purple to black eschar |
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Term
| When does inhalation anthrax present? |
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Definition
| within 10 days of exposure |
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Term
| I've been having a fever, headache, cough and congestion. I feel awful and it's been hard to breathe. How will this progress if untreated? |
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Definition
| inhalation anthrax: stage 1: non-specific viral-like illness w/fever, malaise, headache, dyspnea, cough and congestion. Stage 2: overwhelming sepsis, delirium, s/s of meningeal irritation, and death |
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Term
| When does GI anthrax present? |
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Definition
| onset of infection is 2-5 days after eating contaminated meat |
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Term
| widened mediastinum hallmark sign of what illness? |
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Definition
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Term
| I have a fever, my stomach hurts, and I've been vomiting. It looks like there are coffee grounds in my stools. |
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Definition
| GI anthrax: ptx present w/fever, ab pain, and vomiting. ulcerative lesion frequently causes blood tinged or cofee ground emesis or stools |
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Term
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Definition
| supportive care and antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, doxycylcine- consider combination therapy for inhalation or disseminated disease processes |
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Term
| Book ?: What is the most common form of diptheria? |
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Definition
| pharyngeal. (other forms include nasal, laryngeal, and cutaneous) |
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Term
| Book ?: What are the most common and most serious complications of diptheria? |
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Definition
| myocarditis and neuropathy |
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Term
| Book ?: Which Abx is more effective in eliminating the carrier state of diptheria: erythromycin or penicillin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Book ?: How is typhoid fever best dx? |
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Definition
| blood culture, which is poistive in the 1st week of illness in 80% of pts who have not taken antimicrobials |
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Term
| Book ?: Are the majority of deaths from untx cases of enteric fever due to primary s/s or complications? |
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Definition
| complications occur in about 30% untx cases and account for 75% of deaths |
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Term
| Book ?: Which is the infectious form of anthrax: spores or vegetative bacteria? |
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Definition
| spores- not vegetative bacteria are the infectious form of the organism |
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Term
| Book ?: What is the most sensitive test for inhalation anthrax? |
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Definition
| chest radiograph . . . mediastional widening due to hemorrhagic lymphadenitis, a hallmark feature of the disease, has been present in 70% of the bioterrorism-related cases. pleural effusions were present initially or occured over the course illness in all cases, and 3/4 had pulmonary infiltrates or sx of consolidation |
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