Term
| WHAT ARE THE 4 PHASES OF POPULATION GROWTH IN BACTERIA? |
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Definition
LAG PHASE
LOG PHASE
STATIONARY PHASE
DEATH OR DECLINE PHASE |
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE?
GROWTH IN BACTERIAL ORGANISMS IS STATIC |
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Definition
| FALSE, GROWTH IS NOT STATIC IN BACTERIAL ORGANISMS. |
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Term
| THE PERIOD OF ADJUSTMENT OCCURS IN WHICH PHASE? |
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Definition
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Term
| IN WHICH PHASE ARE THE BACTERIA TAKEN OUT OF THEIR ENVIRONMENT? |
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Definition
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Term
| IN THIS PHASE, CELLS INCREASE IN SIZE NOT IN NUMBERS AND ARE METABOLICALLY ACTIVE |
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Definition
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Term
| DURING THIS PHASE, YOU WILL FIND THE LEAST AMOUNT OF TOXINS |
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Definition
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Term
| THIS PHASE IS KNOWN AS THE PERIOD OF GROWTH |
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Definition
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Term
| DURING THIS PHASE, GROWTH IS EXPONENTIAL,THE POPULATION DOUBLES, GROWTH IS AT ITS MAXIMUM RATE, AND CELLS ARE NEARLY UNIFORM |
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Definition
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Term
| THIS PHASE IS CALLED THE PERIOD WHEN CELL DEATH IS EQUAL TO CELL DIVISION |
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Definition
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Term
| DURING THIS PHASE, THERE IS NO INCREASE IN CELL POPULATION, AND THE GENERATION TIME INCREASES |
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Definition
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Term
| THE TIME BETWEEN CELL DIVISIONS IS CALLED ? |
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Definition
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Term
| THIS PHASE IS A RESULT OF INCREASED TOXINS AND DECREASED NUTRIENTS |
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Definition
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Term
| THIS PHASE IS CALLED THE PERIOD WHEN CELL DEATH IS GREATER THAN CELL DIVISION |
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Definition
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Term
| THIS PHASE IS DUE TO THE NEARLY COMPLETE DEPLETION OF NUTRIENTS |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW IS BACTERIAL GROWTH MEASURED? |
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Definition
| BACTERIAL GROWTH IS MEASURED IN POPULATION SIZE NOT PHYSICAL SIZE OF INDIVIDUAL BACTERIA |
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE?
BACTERIA GROW UNIFORMLY |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT ARE THE 3 METHODS OF BACTERIAL MEASUREMENT?
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Definition
DIRECT MICROSCOPIC COUNT
STANDARD PLATE COUNT
DENSITY MEASUREMENT (SPECTROPHOTOMETER) |
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Term
| WHICH BACTERIAL MEASUREMENT IS USEFUL FOR COUNTING CELLS THAT WILL NOT GROW IN CULTURES? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHICH BACTERIA MEASUREMENT IS ONLY USED TO COUNT VIABLE CELLS? |
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Definition
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Term
| FEWER CELLS---->LESS TURBID----> ? |
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Definition
| LESS LIGHT ABSORBED OR MORE LIGHT TRANSMITTED |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 3 METHODS OF PRESERVATION? |
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Definition
PERIODIC TRANSFER OF CULTURE
LYOPHILIZATION
LOW TEMPERATURE HOLDING |
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Term
| TRANSFERRING EXISTING BACTERIAL CULTURE FROM OLD NUTRIENT TO NEW TO CREATE A NEW POPULATION OF BACTERIA IS ? |
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Definition
| PERIODIC TRANSFER OF CULTURE |
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Term
| FREEZE DRYING OF CULTURES IS ? |
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Definition
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Term
| AT WHAT DEGREE DOES FREEZE DRYING OF CULTURES OCCUR? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 3 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS NEEDED FOR GROWTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR INFLUENCING BACTERIAL GROWTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 3 TEMPERATURE RANGES FOR BACTERIAL GROWTH? |
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Definition
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Term
AT WHAT TEMPERATURE DO PSYCHROPHILES GROW?
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Definition
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Term
| AT WHAT TEMPERATURE DO MESOPHILES GROW? |
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Definition
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Term
AT WHAT TEMPERATURE DOES THERMOPHILES GROW?
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE OBLIGATE ANAEROBES? |
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Definition
| BACTERIA THAT DIE IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN |
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Term
| WHAT ARE OBLIGATE AEROBES? |
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Definition
| BACTERIA THAT CANNOT EXIST WITHOUT OXYGEN |
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Term
| WHAT DOES FACULTATIVE MEAN? |
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Definition
| BACTERIA THAT CAN GROW IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF OXYGEN |
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Term
| WHAT ARE MICROAEROPHILES? |
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Definition
| BACTERIA THAT REQUIRE OXYGEN IN LIMITED AMOUNTS |
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Term
| MOST BACTERIA SPECIES GROW BEST AT WHAT TYPE OF pH? |
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Definition
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Term
| BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS THAT SPEED UP A CHEMICAL REACTION BY LOWERING THE ENERGY OF ACTIVATION IS A ? |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE?
ENZYMES ARE KEY CELLULAR PROTEINS THAT MAINLY DETERMINE THE FUNCTION OF THE CELL. |
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Definition
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Term
| THE MINIMUM ENERGY REQUIRED FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION TO TAKE PLACE SPONTANEOUSLY IS ? |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE?
ENZYMES ALTER THE REACTANTS OR PRODUCTS OF A CHEMICAL REACTION |
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Definition
| FALSE, THEY DO NOT ALTER THE REACTANTS OR PRODUCTS OF A CHEMICAL REACTION NOR ARE THEY ALTERED BY THE CHEMICAL REACTION THEY CATALYZE. |
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Term
| A REACTANT IS ALSO KNOWN AS A ? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT BINDS TO THE ACTIVE SITE OF THE ENZYME TO FORM AN ENZYME/SUBSTRATE COMPLEX? |
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Definition
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Term
| THE SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE ON WHICH THE ENZYME ACTS IS ? |
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Definition
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Term
| SMALL, NON PROTEIN MOLECULES ATTACHED TO THE ENZYME ARE CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
| THE BASIC FUNCTION OF THIS IS TO TRANSFER MOLECULES, ATOMS, OR ELECTRONS FROM ONE MOLECULE TO ANOTHER ? |
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Definition
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Term
| ENZYMES ARE USUALLY NAMED FOR ? |
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Definition
| THE SUBSTRATE THEY ACT ON |
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Term
| WHAT ARE 2 MAIN FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYMES? |
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Definition
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Term
| DRASTIC SHIFTS IN THE pH CAUSE WHAT TO HAPPEN TO AN ENZYME? |
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Definition
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Term
| DENATURATION CAUSE ENZYMES TO BECOME WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
| ENZYMES ARE REGULATED THROUGH? |
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Definition
| INHIBITION OF ENZYME ACTION |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF INHIBITION MECHANISMS? |
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Definition
COMPETITIVE INHIBITION
NON-COMPETITIVE INHIBITION
FEEDBACK INHIBITION |
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF INHIBITORS COMPETE FOR THE ACTIVE SITE OF THE ENZYME AND CAUSE THE SUBSTRATE NOT TO HAVE ACCESS TO THE ACTIVE SITE? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT NUTRIENT IS IMPERATIVE FOR BACTERIAL SURVIVAL? |
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Definition
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Term
| A MECHANISM USED BY THE CELL TO STOP THE WASTE OF CHEMICAL RESOURCES IS? |
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Definition
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Term
| COLLECTIVE BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE INSIDE THE CELL IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 BRANCHES OF METABOLISM? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT DO ANABOLIC REACTIONS REQUIRE? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT BRANCH OF METABOLISM SYNTHESIZES LARGER MOLECULES FROM SMALLER SUBUNITS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT 3 MOLECULES ARE PRODUCES THROUGH CATABOLISM AND WHAT DO THEY PRODUCE? |
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Definition
ATP= ENERGY
NAD= REDUCING POWER
PRECURSOR MEATABOLITES = MICROMOLECULES THAT MAKE UP MACROMOLECULES THROUGH ANABOLISM |
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Term
| THE REMOVAL OF ELECTRONS FROM AN ATOM OR MOLECULE IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
| OXIDATIVE REACTIONS PRODUCE WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
| THE ADDITION OF THE ELECTRONS REMOVED FROM OXIDATIVE REACTIONS TO MOLECULES OR ATOMS IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
| ADDITION OF ELECTRONS CAUSES A DECREASE IN WHAT? |
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Definition
| THE OVERALL CHARGE OF THE MOLECULE OR ATOM |
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Term
| EACH REDUCTION REACTION IS COUPLED WITH WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF MACROMOLECULES ARE ENZYMES MADE OF? |
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Definition
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Term
| CELLULAR OXIDATION IS ALSO CALLED WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
| THE REMOVAL OF ELECTRONS THROUGH THE REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN ATOMS IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHERE THE HYDROGEN GOES, THAT IS THE ELEMENT THAT HAS BEEN WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
| COVALENT BONDS THAT RELEASE MORE ENERGY ARE CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
| ENERGY MOLECULES FORMED FROM THE ENERGY RELEASED FROM BONDS BROKEN DURING OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTIONS ARE CALLED ? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF GROUP IS ADDED TO A MOLECULE OF ADP TO FORM ATP? |
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Definition
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Term
| THE ADDITION OF PHOSPHATE GROUPS IS CALLED ? |
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Definition
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Term
| ATP IS USED IN WHAT TYPE OF REACTION AND CREATED IN WHAT TYPE OF REACTION? |
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Definition
| ATP IS USED IN ANABOLIC REACTIONS AND CREATED IN CATABOLIC REACTIONS |
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Term
| REMOVING A PHOSPHATE GROUP IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 MECHANISMS OF PHOSPHORYLATION? |
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Definition
SUBSTRATE PHOSPHORYLATION
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION |
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Term
| WHAT MOLECULES ACT AS CHEMICAL CATALYSTS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT DO CATALYSTS DO IN CHEMICAL REACTION? |
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Definition
| THEY SPEED UP THE PROCESS BY LOWERING THE ENERGY OF ACTIVATION |
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Term
| ARE ENZYMES CHANGED BY THE CHEMICAL REACTION? |
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Definition
| ENZYMES ARE NOT ALTERED BY THE CHEMICAL REACTION THEY CATALYZE |
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Term
| DO ENZYMES ADD ENERGY TO A CHEMICAL REACTION? |
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Definition
| NO, ENZYMES LOWER THE ENERGY OF ACTIVATION NEEDED TO START A CHEMICAL REACTION. |
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Term
| HOW DO ENZYMES SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTION? |
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Definition
| ENZYMES SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS BY GREATLY REDUCING THE ACTIVATION ENERGY NEEDED FROM A SYSTEM TO CATALYZE A REACTION. |
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Term
| DO ENZYMES INTERACT WITH SEVERAL SUBSTRATE MOLECULES? |
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Definition
| NO, A PARTICULAR ENZYME (LOCK) WILL ONLY ACT WITH ONE OR A LIMITED NUMBER OF SUBSTRATES (KEYS). NO PRODUCT WILL BE MADE IF THE ENZYME AND SUBSTRATE DO NOT MATCH UP. |
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Term
| WHICH PRODUCES MORE ENERGY, AEROBIC RESPIRATION OR FERMENTATION? |
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Definition
| AEROBIC RESPIRATION PRODUCES 38 ATP PER GLUCOSE WHERE AS FERMENTATION PRODUCE 2 ATP PER GLUCOSE |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE BASIC EQUATION FOR AEROBIC RESPIRATION? |
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Definition
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -->6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
IN SIMPLE TERMS,
1 GLUCOSE MOLECULE AND 6 OXYGEN MOLECULES MAKE 6 WATER MOLECULES, 6 CARBON DIOXIDE MOLECULES AND 1 ATP MOLECULE |
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Term
| ATP IS GENERATED WHEN HIGH ENERGY PHOSPHATES ARE DIRECTLY TRANSFERRED FROM THE SUBSTRATE OF THE ENZYME CATALYZED REACTION AND OCCURS IN GLYCOLYSIS AND THE KREBS CYCLE. THIS IS CALLED WHAT? |
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Definition
| SUBSTRATE PHOSPHORYLATION |
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Term
| ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO ELECTRON CARRIERS BY THE PROCESS OF ? |
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Definition
| OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION |
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Term
| WHAT MECHANISMS OF PHOSPHORYLATION OCCURS IN THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN? |
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Definition
| OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION |
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Term
| BACTERIA IS CLASSIFIED WHAT 2 TYPES OF ENERGY? |
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Definition
LIGHT ENERGY
CHEMICAL ENERGY |
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Term
| ORGANISMS WITH THE PREFIX "PHOTO" ARE CLASSIFIED AS HAVING WHAT SOURCE OF ENERGY? |
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Definition
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Term
| ORGANISMS WITH THE PREFIX "CHEMO" ARE CLASSIFIED AS HAVING WHAT SOURCE OF ENERGY? |
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Definition
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Term
| BACTERIA CAN BE CLASSIFIED BY THEIR SOURCE OF CARBON. WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF CARBON CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
| HETEROTROPHS ARE ORGANISMS THAT USE WHAT KIND OF CARBON? |
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Definition
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Term
| AUTOTROPHS ARE ORGANISMS THAT USE WHAT TYPE OF CARBON? |
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Definition
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Term
| ANOTHER TERM USED TO DESCRIBE METABOLISM OF THE CHEMOHETEROTROPHS IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE 3 WAYS THAT ATP IS PRODUCED THROUGH AEROBIC RESPIRATION? |
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Definition
GLYCOLYSIS
KREBS CYCLE
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN |
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Term
| WATER IS THE REDUCED FORM OF? |
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Definition
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Term
| GLYCOLYSIS LITERALLY MEANS WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1 MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE IS SPLIT INTO WHAT? |
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Definition
| 2 MOLECULES OF PYRUVIC ACID |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF GLYCOLYSIS? |
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Definition
| TO SPLIT GLUCOSE AND PRODUCE PYRUVIC ACID |
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Term
| PYRUVIC ACID IS THE OXIDIZED FORM OF WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW IS ENERGY PRODUCED IN GLYCOLYSIS? |
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Definition
| THROUGH THE SUBSTRATE PHOSPHORYLATION OF ADP TO ATP |
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Term
| WHERE IS CO2 PRODUCED IN AEROBIC RESPIRATION? |
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Definition
| IT IS PRODUCED AS A BI-PRODUCT OF THE KREBS CYCLE |
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Term
| WHERE IS H20 PRODUCED IN AEROBIC RESPIRATION? |
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Definition
| AT THE END OF THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN. |
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Term
| SINCE PYRUVIC ACID CANNOT ENTER THE KREBS CYCLE DIRECTLY, IT HAS TO BE DECARBOXYLATED TO PRODUCE WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE?
ATP IS PRODUCED IN THE TRANSITION PROCESS OF THE KREBS CYCLES. |
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Definition
| FALSE, ATP IS PRODUCED IN THE 4TH STEP OF THE KREBS CYCLE. |
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Term
| THIS IS RELEASED THROUGH A SERIES OF OXIDATION REACTIONS BY TRANSFERRING ELECTRONS TO THE CARRIER COENZYMES NAD+ AND FAD+ |
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Definition
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Term
| BY RELEASING POTENTIAL ENERGY, IT WILL PRODUCE WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW MUCH POTENTIAL ENERGY IS FOUND IN THE TRANSITION STEP OF THE KREBS CYCLE? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE CARRIER CO-ENZYMES OF THE KREBS CYCLE? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW MANY ATP ARE GENERATED IN GLYCOLYSIS FROM ONE MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHERE DO THE NADH MOLECULES CREATED IN GLYCOLYSIS GO WITH THEIR ELECTRONS? |
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Definition
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Term
| GLYCOLYSIS STARTS WITH 1 GLUCOSE MOLECULE THAT CONSISTS OF A 6 CARBON CHAIN AND 2 PHOSPHATE GROUPS AND ENDS AS WHAT? |
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Definition
| 2 PYRUVIC ACID MOLECULES CONSISTING OF A 3 CARBON CHAIN AND 1 PHOSPHATE GROUP |
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Term
| WHAT MOLECULE ACTS AS THE TERMINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR IN AEROBIC RESPIRATION? |
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Definition
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Term
| A COMPLETE CYCLE INVOLVES HOW MANY ROTATIONS OF THE KREBS CYCLE? |
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Definition
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Term
| A SERIES OF COMPOUNDS THAT TRANSFER ELECTRONS FROM ONE COMPOUND TO GENERATING ATP THROUGH OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IS? |
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Definition
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Term
| O2 (OXYGEN) IS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR PRODUCING WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 AEROBIC RESPIRATIONS THAT PRODUCE NADH? |
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Definition
| GLYCOLYSIS AND KREBS CYCLE |
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Term
| FADH IS PRODUCED IN WHAT AEROBIC RESPIRATION? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW MUCH ATP IS PRODUCED IN THE ELECTRON TRANSFER CHAIN THROUGH THE REOXIDATION OF REDUCED NADH AND FADH? |
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Definition
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Term
| THE CONVERSION OF PYRUVIC ACID PRODUCED IN GLYCOLYSIS TO LACTIC ACID AND ETHANOL IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE?
FERMENTATION REQUIRES OXYGEN TO RELEASE ENERGY FROM SUGAR. |
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Definition
| FALSE, IT DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN |
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Term
| INSTEAD OF OXYGEN, WHAT DOES FERMENTATION USE AS ITS FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTORS? |
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Definition
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Term
| TWO MOLECULES OF PYRUVIC ACID ARE REDUCED BY NADH TO FORM WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS FORMED THROUGH THE DECARBOXYLATION OF PYRUVIC ACID? |
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Definition
| 2 MOLECULES OF CARBON DIOXIDE |
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Term
| 2 MOLECULES OF ETHANOL ARE PRODUCED THROUGH WHAT? |
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Definition
| THE REDUCTION OF ACETALDEHYDE BY NADH |
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Term
| 3 MOLECULES OF USABLE ENERGY EQUALS HOW MUCH POTENTIAL ENERGY? |
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Definition
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Term
| H2O AND ATP ARE THE END PRODUCTS OF WHAT AEROBIC RESPIRATION? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT CAN PYRUVIC ACID BE CONVERTED TO IN FERMENTATION? |
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Definition
| TWO MOLECULES OF PYRUVIC ACID ARE CONVERTED TO TWO MOLECULES OF ACETALDEHYDE |
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