Term
| ______ establishes _______ |
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Definition
| genotype establishes phenotype |
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Term
| What are some main things in bacterial genetics? |
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Definition
| heredity, mutations, homologous recombination, transfer of DNA, transposition |
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Term
| Transfer of DNA (3 main points) |
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Definition
| transformation, transfuction, conjugation |
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Term
|
Definition
| moving from one cell to another |
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Term
| 6 points of bacterial genetics? |
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Definition
- gene function
-model systems
-molecular cloning
-biotechnology
- pathogens
- antibiotic resistance |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| product of that gene: phenotype |
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Term
| What are the 3 points of a mutant gene |
|
Definition
| selectable, nonselective and screening |
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Term
| What are the two types of mutations? |
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Definition
| spontaneous or induced mutations |
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Term
| Base-pair substitutions: silent mutation |
|
Definition
| no effect on the phenotype |
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Term
| Base-pair substitutions: mis-sense mutation |
|
Definition
| protein will still work but not as well as before |
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Term
| Base-pair substitutions:nonsense mutation |
|
Definition
| codes for a "stop codon"--essentially incomplete |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| How does an altered reading frame affect the amino acid? |
|
Definition
| it shifts one down and changes the amino acid |
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Term
| How does a deleted mutation affect the amino acid |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| corrects mutation that puts it back to the wildtype |
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Term
|
Definition
| massive amount of DNA gone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Get a massive amount of DNA |
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Term
|
Definition
| DNA touching each other and changes it |
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Term
|
Definition
| example: mustard gas...ends up changing DNA |
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Term
|
Definition
| it will damage but not kill cut the genes |
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|
Term
| Radiation: Ionizing (gamma rays) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens if you have more mutations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of biological mutagens (transposons) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| site-directed mutagenesis |
|
Definition
| change one base to see how it affects the rest of them |
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Term
| What control their own replication? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Physical nature of a plasmid |
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Definition
| -double-stranded DNA, circular/linear, 1/20 of a chromosome and they're supercoiled |
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Term
|
Definition
| timing of initiation, partitioning, copy number, incompatability (when one plasmid of a class comes in a cell, it 'locks' the plasmid so no others can come in) |
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|
Term
| Types of plasmids (list:5) |
|
Definition
| resistance plasmids, toxins and virulence factors, bacteriocins, physiological functions, engineered plasmids |
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|
Term
| What is general (homologous) recombination |
|
Definition
| genetic exchange between two homologous DNA sequences from two different sources |
|
|
Term
| What does a donor chromosome go through in genetic recombination |
|
Definition
| transformation, transduction and conjugation |
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|
Term
| What is a necessity for conjugation to occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| integration of transforming DNA |
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|
Term
| How is DNA integrated when it is being transferred? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any genetic marker can be transferred. You need a transducing particle and low frequency |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| specific region of chromosome transferred, you need high efficiency |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| transfer of DNA by cell to cell contact |
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|
Term
| What type of DNA undergo conjugation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where will you find a plasmid-encoded function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the donor cell in conjugation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who is the recipient cell in conjugation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do you find a tra region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in conjugation, you pair donors with recipients, cells are pulled together and contact is stabilized |
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|
Term
| What type of genes are involved in transposition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the points made about transposable elements in transposable genetic elements? |
|
Definition
| insertion sequences and transposons |
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