Term
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Definition
- gram- diplococcus
- normal flora of nasopharynx
- virulence
- capsule - ABCYW135 Ags most often associated with disease
- IgA protease
- pili
- LOS - like LPS
- pathogenesis
- minigococcemia can be associated with petechial rash and purpura
- Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome - massive hemorrhage and adrenal necrosis
- sequelae - hearing loss, mental retardation
- diagnosis
- gram stain of CSF
- CSF/blood culture
- chocolate agar
- small, colorless, nonhemolytic oxidase+ colonies
- maltose and glucose fermentation
- agglutination test with specific Ags
- Thayer-Martin or GC-lect agar for isolation from nasopharynx
- latex agglutination to detect Ag in CSF
- Epidemiology
- sporadic
- epidemics
- closed populations
- rise in carrier state
- terminant complement component deficiency elevates incidence of infection
- neonates resistant
- treatment - penicillin IV
- prevention
- quadravalent vaccine (ACYW135)
- chemoprophylaxis for carriers
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Term
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Definition
- gram- encapsulated coccobacillus
- unencapsulated form normal flora of nasopharynx
- 6 types of capsule (a-f) --> b 90% of disease
- Pathogenesis
- URI, sinusitis, pneumonia, otitis media, septicemia, meningitis, conjunctivitis, epiglottitis
- sequelae similar to N. meningitidis
- Diagnosis
- gram stain CSF
- CSF/blood culture
- chocolate agar, 5% CO2
- large, flat, colorless-gray colonies
- requires hemin and NAD
- latex agglutination to detect capsular Ag in CSF
- Epidemiolgy
- transmission - respiratory secretions
- vaccine introduction has significantly reduced caseload
- Treatment - antibiotics
- Prevention
- conjugate vaccine: children > 2 mo.
- chemoprophylaxis: rifampin to close contacts of index case
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Term
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Definition
- gram+ α-hemolytic lancet shaped diplococci
- normal flora of nasopharynx
- 85 capsule types - 23 cause 85% of disease
- pathogenesis
- loss of natural resistance
- otitis media, lobar pneumonia, septicemia
- most common case of meningitis in adults >30
- sequela - similar to N. meningitidis
- Diagnosis
- gram stain CSF
- CSF/clood culture
- small, grayish, α-hemolytic colonies
- bile soluble (activates autolysins)
- optochin sensitive
- oxacillin disc --> screen for penicillin resistance
- epidemiology
- transmitted by respiratory secretions
- cases peak in winter and spring
- becoming more common in children - Hib vaccine
- at risk: asplenic, sickle cell anemia, defects in humoral immunity, alcoholics
- treatment - penicillin if sensitive
- prevention
- polyvalent vaccine of 23 most virulent capsule types to >65
- conjugate vaccine <2
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Term
|
Definition
- GBS, normal flora of GI and GU --> passes to infact during birth
- most cases are early onset - w/in 1 week of birth
- Diagnosis: group B agglutination
- Treatment: penicillin
- prevention: penicillin during labor to carrier mothers
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Term
|
Definition
- gram+ bacillus, grows at 4°
- tumbling motility at 21°
- early onset - intrauterine sepsis and fetal death prior to/during delivery
- important cause of meningitis in immunosuppressed
- treatment - penicillin
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Term
| Other causes of neonatal meningitis |
|
Definition
- Strain K1 E. coli
- Staph aureus
- Enterococcus
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Term
| Meningitis from shunt infections |
|
Definition
- coagulase- staph
- Staph aureus
- gram- rods
- Enterococcus
- Candida
- Corynebacteria
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Term
| Chronic meningitis (slow-growing agents) |
|
Definition
- Mycobacteria tuberculosis
- Crytococcus neoformans (AIDS pts)
- Coccidiodies immitis
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Candida albicans
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Cysticercosis (T. solum)
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