Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling of the larynx (voice box) causing hoarseness |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the tonsils making it difficult to swallow |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling of the inner ear, causing pressure |
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Term
| Predisposing factors for upper respiratory infections |
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Definition
- colds
- environmental pollutants
- excessive dryness
- pollen
- other allergies
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Term
| Ways to transmit upper respiratory infections |
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Definition
- airborne droplets
- direct/indirect contact with secretions
- autoinfection (reinfection with bacteria that is already present)
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Term
| Sinusitis Characteristics |
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Definition
- Most frequently reported chronic desease
- Caused by many different agents - allergens, structural abnormalities, nasal polyps, second-hand smoke, prior bouts of sinusitis
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Term
| Ways to Transmit Sinusitis |
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Definition
- Autoinfection
- Airborne droplets
- Secretion of the nose/throat
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Term
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Definition
- Fever
- Congestion
- Sore throat
- Tooth pain
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Term
| Treatment and Prevention of Sinusitis |
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Definition
- Antibiotics
- Wash hands
- Autoimmune maintenence
- Proper food handling
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Term
| Streptococcal Sore Throat Characteristics |
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Definition
- 95% of cases are caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
- 20% of children between 6-12 are carriers
- Otitis media and acute sinusitis are common complaints
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Term
| Ways to transmit Streptococcal Sore Throat (Pharyngitis) |
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Definition
- direct/indirect contact with someone who has it/is a carrier
- ingestion of contaminated food
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Term
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Definition
- mild fever
- severe sore throat
- swollen glands/tonsils
- Malaise (discomfort)
- Loss of appetite
- Abdominal pain
- symptoms may not be present in children
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Term
| Treatment for Pharyngitis |
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Definition
- Penicillin/Erythromycin for 10 days
- early treatment
- bed rest
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Term
| Prevention of Pharyngitis |
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Definition
- Constant sore throat/fever should see doctor
- avoid contact with infected
- proper food handling
- determine source
- antibiotics given prophylactically
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Term
| Characteristics of Rheumatic Fever |
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Definition
- Not a bacterial infection
- always preceded by another form of strep
- Potentially dangerous
- Cause of rheumatic heart disease
- Causation: low immune resistance and hypersensativity
- More prevalent in lower income groups
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Term
| Transmission of Rheumatic Fever |
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Definition
- Can't be transmitted person to person because it's not a bacterial infection
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Term
| Symptoms of Rheumatic Fever |
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Definition
- Low grade fever
- Migratory joint pain early
- Abdominal pain
- Rash
- Cardiac involvement
- Chorea (abnormal, involuntary movement)
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Term
| Treatment and Prevention of Rheumatic Fever |
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Definition
- Penicillin
- Erythromycin
- Educate the public
- Seek treament for strep
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Term
| Characteristics of Pneumococcal Pneumonia |
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Definition
- Most common
- High frequency among young and old
- Short incubation period (1-3 days)
- Non-infectious with antibiotics
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Term
| Transmission of Pneumococcal Pneumonia |
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Definition
| Direct/indirect contact with respiratory discharge |
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Term
| Symptoms of Pneumococcal Pneumonia |
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Definition
- Chills
- fever
- chest pain
- difficult breathing
- cough
- Redish sputum (mucus in lungs)
- pleurisy (sharp breathing pain)
- Older people may be asymptomatic
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Term
| Treatment and Prevention of Pneumococcal Pneumonia |
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Definition
- Antibiotics
- Vaccines
- Avoid crowds during outbreak
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Term
| Characteristics of Mycoplasmal Pneumonia |
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Definition
- "Walking Pneumonia"
- May last over a month
- Child under 5 may be asymptomatic
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Term
| Treatment of Mycoplasmal Pneumonia |
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Definition
| Direct/indirect contact with respiratory secretions |
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Term
| Symptoms of Mycoplasmal Pneumonia |
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Definition
- Sudden onset
- headache
- malaise
- sudden coughing
- substernal pain
- often not recognized as pneumonia
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Term
| Treatment and Prevention of Mycoplasmal Pneumonia |
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Definition
- Erythromycin
- Tetracycline
- No vaccine
- Proper sanitation
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Term
| Characteristics of Legionnaire's Disease |
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Definition
- Outbreaks traced to faulty cooling systems/excavation sites
- Unrecognized cause of pneumonia for many years
- Diagnosed in the states and foreign countries
- High mortality rates
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Term
| Transmission of Legionnaire's Disease |
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Definition
- Organism lives in soil/water
- Inhalation of airborne particles
- No evidence of person-person transfer
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Term
| Symptoms of Legionnaire's Disease |
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Definition
- Sudden/gradual onset
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Malaise
- Myalgia (muscle pain)
- Headache
- High fever
- Chills
- Gray/blood-streaked sputum
- Nasea
- Vomiting
- Disorientation
- Bradycardia
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Term
| Complications for Legionnaire's Disease |
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Definition
- Congestive heart failure
- Acute respiratory failure
- Renal failure
- Shock (K/Na are out of balance)
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Term
| Treatment and Prevention of Legionnaire's Disease |
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Definition
- Erythromycin
- Tetracycline
- Rifampin
- No vaccine
- Dust control at excavation sites
- Disinfect water supplies
- implicated cooling systems
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Term
| Characteristics of Whooping Cough (Pertussis) |
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Definition
- Decreased since vaccinations
- Caused by Bordetella pertussis
- Dealth likely for infants and elderly
- Communicable during late incubation
- Low danger of transmittion 3 weeks after cough begins
- Only communicable for 5-7 if treated with antibiotics
- 31% of adult chronic coughers may be carriers
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Term
| Transmission of Pertussis |
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Definition
- Direct contact with droplets
- Indirect contact with contaminated objects
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Term
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Definition
- Catarrhal (cough, loss of appetite, sneezing, listelessness, infected conjunctiva, mild fever)
- Paroxysmal (Spasmodic coughing, expel mucus, high pitched inspiratory "whoop", vomiting, hernia)
- Convalescent (Cough may last 1-2 months and be triggered by another respiratory infection)
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Term
| Treatment and Prevention of Pertussis |
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Definition
- Infants are hospitalized
- Antibiotics are not useful
- given Nutritional supplements (codine, oxygen therapy)
- Vaccination
- Isolate suspected cases
- Gamma glogulin prophylactically
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Term
| Characteristics of Diphtheria |
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Definition
- Uncommon in 1st world countries
- Common in 3rd world countries
- Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae (stays in upper respiratory region and produced exotoxin and pseudomembrane which helps toxin spread)
- Reservoir of infection = humans
- Can get it again
- Epidemic in Soviet Union in 1990
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Term
| Transmission of Diptheria |
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Definition
| Direct by droplets or indirect contact with contaminated objects |
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Term
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Definition
- Thick, patchy gray-green membrane over mucous membranes of pharynx, larynx, tonsils, soft palate, and nose
- fever
- sore throat
- raspy cough
- hoarsenes
- difficulty breathing
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Term
| Complications of Diphtheria |
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Definition
- Myocarditis
- Neurologic involvement
- kidney involvement
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Term
| Treatment and Prevention of Diphtheria |
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Definition
- Diphtheria antitoxin
- antibiotics
- vaccination
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Term
| Characteristics of Tuberculosis |
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Definition
- Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- In 1900 - 2/1000 died of TB; 20/1000 infected
- 30,000 new cases each year - may be influenced by AIDS
- Declared global emergency in 1993 - b/c of AIDS, more imigrants, more poverty/drug use/alcoholism
- Disease of the lungs, can invade bood stream and affect liver, brain, urogenitlal tract and bones
- Primary reservoir = human, secondary = cows
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Term
| Transmission of Tuberculosis |
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Definition
- Direct/indirect
- Inhalation of airborne droplets
- Prolonged exposure
- Living in close quarters
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Term
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Definition
- Usually none at first
- fatigue
- weakness
- appetite loss
- weight loss
- night sweats
- low fever
- coughing with sputum/pus
- chest pain
- bloody sputum
- organisms are in the lungs
- reactivation occurs later in life
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Term
| Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis |
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Definition
- Isoniazid and Rifampin
- 9 months of therapy
- Vaccination and BCG
- Improved social conditions
- Source investigation
- Frequent testing
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