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bacterial and viral genetics
2
25
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/21/2012

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Term
competence
Definition
in bacteria a transient condition required for transformation when the cell can bind and take up foreign DNA molecules a competent cell is able to take up exogenous DNA and thereby be transformed
Term
conjugation
Definition
temporary union of two sexually reproducing unicellular organisms for the transfer of DNA
Term
episome
Definition
a circular genetic element in bacteria that can self replicate in the cytoplasm or integrate into the bacterial chromosome and replicate with the chromosomes
Term
F* cell
Definition
a male bacterial cell containing a fertility factor in its cytoplasm
Term
F- cell
Definition
a female bacterial cell that does not contain a fertility factor
Term
F'
Definition
a fertility factor that contains a portion of the bacterial chromosome
Term
fertility factor
Definition
a bacterial episome whose presence confers donor ability during conjugation
Term
generalized transduction
Definition
see transduction
Term
Hfr cell
Definition
a bacterial cell exhibiting a high frequency of recombination due to a chromsomally integrated F factor that can mobilize and transfer all or part of the host chromosome to a recipient F- cell
Term
host range
Definition
the spectrum of strains of a given bacterial species that a given strain of phage can infect
Term
interrupted mating
Definition
in an Hfr X F- cross a technique by that breaks apart donor and recipient cells at specific times during conjugation allowing only a given amount of DNA to be transferred
Term
lysis
Definition
disintegration of a cell brought about by the rupture of its membrane by a virus
Term
lysogeny
Definition
the process by which the DNA of an infecting phage becomes repressed and integrated into the host bacteriums chromsome
Term
lysogenic phase
Definition
see temperate phage
Term
lytic phase
Definition
see temperate phase
Term
partial diploid
Definition
a bacterial cell in which a segment of its genome is duplicated in a fragment brought in by transformation transduction or conjugation
Term
plasmid
Definition
extrachromosomal circular DNA molecule that self replicates in the cytoplasm of a bacterium and may contain genetic information
Term
prophage
Definition
a phage genome integrated into the chromosome of a lysogenic bacterium
Term
recombinant DNA
Definition
a DNA molecule formed by joining two different molecules DNA or gene splicing is done in vitro usually ligating DNA's from different organisms
Term
restriction endonuclease
Definition
nuclease derived from microorganisms that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences in dNA and cleaves or nicks the molecule at that site
Term
specialized transduction
Definition
see transduction
Term
temperate phage
Definition
a virus that can integrate into the host bacterial chromosome as a prophage that confers lysogeny upon that host cell while in the lysogenic phase or pathway lytic activity of the virus is repressed but upon entering the lytic phase it leaves the chromosomes and multiplies killing the cell
Term
transduction
Definition
in bacteria virus mediated gene tranfer from one cell to another. The transducing phage in specialized transduction produces particles carrying only specific regions of host genome; in generalized transduction any part of the host chromosome can be packaged at random into transducing phage and transferred upon lysis of the host cell into a new bacterium where it can enter the genome of the new host cell by non reciprocal recombination
Term
transformation
Definition
heritable change in a cell or an organism brought about by the uptake of foreign non viral DNA such as a plasmid. Transformation in bacteria permits the non reciprocal genetic recombination of exogenous genes into the host genome, requiring a physiological uptake mechanism or a non physiological mechanism.
Term
virulent phage
Definition
a phage or virus that infects and luses the host bacterial cell
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