Shared Flashcard Set

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Bacterial and Fungal Diseases
N/A
116
Microbiology
Professional
06/21/2010

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Acute Localized-Furunculosis Otitis Externa; Staphlococcus aureus [Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)]
Definition
Abscess or boil in hair follicle in external ear canal
Term
Acute Diffuse (Swimmer’s Ear); Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Definition
Itching in external ear canal, followed by swelling, erythema, blue-green discharge, often after swimming
Term
Chronic-caused by repeated Acute Otitis Media; Streptococcus pneumonia [H influenzae (non-typable), M catarrhalis]
Definition
Repeated bouts of pain, itching, scaling dermatitits in external ear canal, hx of recurrent otitis media
Term
Invasive Otitis Externa; Pseudomonas aeruginosa [Staphlococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)]
Definition
Infection of external ear canal: purulent, severe pain, necrosis; problem in elderly, diabetics, immunocompromised
Term
Acute Otitis Media Streptococcus pneumonia [H influenzea - non-typable, Moraxella catarrhalis, MRSA]
Definition
Ear pain, diminished hearing, tympanic membrane bulging, possibly red
Term
Recurrent Otitis Media Streptococcus pneumonia [H influenzea - non-typable, Moraxella catarrhalis, MRSA]
Definition
Repeated bouts of ear pain, diminished hearing, tympanic membrane bulging, possible perforation of tympanic membrane
Term
Chronic Otitis Media/ Mastoiditis Streptococcus pneumonia [H influenzea - non-typable, Moraxella catarrhalis, MRSA]
Definition
Longstanding ear pain, diminished hearing, bulging of tympanic membrane; complicated by erosion of canal soft tissue, abscess in mastoid process; untreated can cause meningitis
Term
Pharyngitis / Tonsilitis Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) [H. Influenzae, Staphlococcus aureus, Chlamydia pneumoniae]
Definition
Sore throat, dysphagia, fever, tonsilar hypertrophy, cervical lymphadenopathy, gray-white purulent exudate and small hemorrhages in posterior pharynx
Term
Scarlet Fever Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) – erythrogenic toxin
Definition
Sandpaper rash starts on trunk, spreads to extremities, spares palms and soles, whiteness around mouth and nose (ciccumoral pallor), bright red tongue, desquamation of rash area, commonly post-pharyngitis
Term
Complications of Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis
Definition
Suppurative (pus-spread): otitis media, sinusitis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis; Non-Suppurative: acute rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis (both due to M-protein homology with native antigens), scarlet fever
Term
Laryngitis Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) [Mycobacterium tuberculosis]
Definition
Vocal hoarsezness, change in pitch, possible cough
Term
Epiglottitis Haemophilus influenzae type B
Definition
Sore throat, fever, dry raspy cough, difficulty swallowing, asphyxiation danger, can lead to meningitis
Term
Sinusitis (acute, subacute, chronic, or recurrent) Streptococcus pneumonia [Non-typable HI, Streptococcus pyogenes, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis]
Definition
Thick, purulant nasal discharge, facial pain and tenderness, fever, cough, post-nasal drainage
Term
Diptheria Corynebacterium diptheriae (diphtheria toxin AB) (dTAP vaccine)
Definition
Sore throat, purulent exudate, dry cough, hoarseness, fever, nausea, gray-white pseudomembrane in posterior pharynx
Term
Whooping Cough/ Pertussis Bordetella pertussis (dTAP vaccine)
Definition
Violent coughing spasms with characteristic gasping, loss of bladder control, broken ribs, blood vessels burst in eyes, most serious in children, possibly linked to Guillain-Barre,
Term
Acute Pneumonia (Community Acquired) Streptococcus pneumonia [Non-typable H Influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis]
Definition
Cough, sputum production, dyspnea, fever, muscle pains, GI symptoms, consolidation of lungs
Term
Acute Pneumonia (Nosocomial Acquired) Gram (-) baccili [Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphlococcus aureus, MRSA]
Definition
Cough, sputum production, dyspnea, fever, muscle pains, GI symptoms, consolidation of lungs, hospitalized patients
Term
Atypical Pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Definition
Cough, sputum with WBCs but no bacteria, 5-45 yrs old, illness lasts 10 days, culture reveals colonies with “fried egg” appearance, elevated cold hemagglutins
Term
Atypical Pneumonia (Parrot Fever) Chlamydia psittaci
Definition
Dry cough, headache, fever, myalgia, rales, inclusion bodies within PMNs on Giemsa stain, history of contact with birds
Term
Atypical Pneumonia Klebsiella pneumoniae
Definition
Acute onset of fever, chills, flulike symptoms, productive cough with abundant thick blood-tinged sputum, alcoholics at risk
Term
Atypical Pneumonia Chlamydia pneumoniae
Definition
Dry cough, fever, sore throat, inclusion bodies within PMNs on Giemsa stain
Term
Atypical Pneumonia/ Legionnaire’s Disease Legionella pneumophilia
Definition
Dry cough, fever, headache, diarrhea possible, stain poorly G(-), culture on charcoal yeast, elderly smokers at risk
Term
Pontiac Fever Legionella pneumophilia
Definition
Dry cough, fever, muscle aches, less severe symptoms than pneumonia, one-week course, stain poorly G(-), culture on charcoal yeast
Term
Chronic Pneumonia: typically acute agents [S aureus, P aeruginosa, H influenzae]; chronic agents [M tuberculosis, fungi, Actinomyces israelii]
Definition
Long term, progressive pneumonia symptoms, Requires X-Ray to Diagnose
Term
Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis BCG vaccine
Definition
Fever, bloody sputum, night sweats, cavitation of lungs on CXR, two phases: Latent and Reactivation, Upper lobes of lungs
Term
Community Acquired Lower UTI (Cystitis/ Urethritis) Escherichia coli [Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter]
Definition
Mostly young women, flank pain, painful urination, cloudy or pink Urine, leukocytes in urine, nitrite positive
Term
Nosocomial Lower UTI (Cystitis/ Urethritis) Escherichia coli [Enterococcus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans]
Definition
Mostly young women, flank pain, painful urination, cloudy or pink Urine, leukocytes in urine, nitrite positive, hospitalized patient
Term
Upper UTI Pyelonephritis Escherichia coli [Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus (mostly males)]
Definition
painful urination, nausea, diarrhea, tenderness of costovertebral angles, leukocytes, casts and nitrite present in urine, proteinuria, fever possible
Term
Escherichia coli, Staphlococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Definition
Common agents of hematogenous UTIs
Term
Escherichia coli, Klebseilla pneumonia, Enterbacter, Proteus (esp males)
Definition
Common agents of ascending UTIs
Term
Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphlococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Klebseilla pneumonia, Enterbacter
Definition
Common agents of nosocomial UTIs
Term
Acute Prostatitis Escherichia coli [Pseudomonal aeruginosa, Staphlococcus aureus]
Definition
Perineal Pain, dysuria, Back Pain, Tender, Warm, Swollen Gland, males
Term
Chronic Prostatitis Escherichia coli [Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis]
Definition
Perineal Pain, dysuria, Back Pain, Tender, Warm, Swollen Gland, Urinary frequency, longstanding symptoms, males
Term
Leptospirosis/ Weil’s Disease Leptospira interrogans Icterohemorrhagiae
Definition
Week long bout of flu-like symptoms, photophobia, followed by meningitis, jaundice and signs of renal failure, hemorrhagic complications (visibly apparent in eyes); endemic in Hawaii
Term
Disseminated Tuberculosis
Definition
Granulomatous lesions in kidney
Term
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (Type III Hypersensitivity) Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)
Definition
Follows pharyngitits or skin infection, Fever, Loin Pain, proteinuria
Term
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Escherichia coli (EHEC) – shiga like toxin
Definition
Severe anemia, follows bloody diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure, elderly, young children, immunocompromised at risk
Term
Non-bullous Impetigo Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) (possible sequel: glomerulonephritis) [Staphlococcus aureus]
Definition
Superficial epidermal pustular eruption, usually found in one locus, puritic release can form honeycomb crust, follows minor trauma
Term
Bullous Impetigo Staphlococcus aureus (exfoliative toxin)
Definition
Clear or yellow flaccid bullae, rupture and exfoliate to expose red moist surfaces, with time light brown crust
Term
Staphlococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) (systemic exfoliative toxin)
Definition
Fever, widespread rash and bullae, rupture and exfoliate to expose red moist surfaces, Positive Nikolski’s Sign (exfoliation with slight rubbing), common in infants
Term
Folliculitis (on eyelid called a “stye”) Staphloccus aureus [E coli (peri-nasal), P aeruginosa (after swimming), GAS (rare)]
Definition
Painful red papule around hair follicles, can progress to pustule, common on extremities and scalp
Term
Furuncles & Carbuncles (Carbuncle = convalescence of many furuncles) Staphloccus aureus [E coli, P aeruginosa, S pyogenes]
Definition
Painful, red, raised nodule, yellow center & discharge, follows folliculitis or acne vulgaris; if convalesces with other areas, sinus draining tracks, fever, chills, bacteremia possible
Term
Erythrasma Carynabacteria metesmium
Definition
Dry, scaly, itchy maculopapular rash in moist areas (groin, toe webs, axilla), fluoresces coral red (reddish-brown) under wood lamp, G(+) rod
Term
Erysipelas (raised due to lymphatic involvement) Streptococcus pyogenes [Staphylococcus aureus]
Definition
Abrupt onset and spread of well-defined raised rash, commonly legs, butterfly pattern if on face, painful, fever possible, skin sloughing in severe cases
Term
Cellulitis (on eyelid called “blepharitis”) (extent of infection likely greater than visually apparent) S pyogenes (esp when lymph blocked) [S aureus (if around wound/ulcer), P aeruginosa (nosocomial), V vulnificus (sea shore injury)]
Definition
Moderately painful swelling of dermis following injury, furuncle, or erysipelas; erythema, warmth at affected site; fever, malaise, affected area not raised
Term
Auricular Cellulitis Staphlococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes
Definition
Infection of ear auricle soft tissue, following injury, furuncle, or erysipelas; moderate pain, swelling, affected area not raised
Term
Perichondritis Staphlococcus aureus (NOT GAS)
Definition
Infection of auricular cartilage
Term
Erysipeloid “Fish Finger, Whale Finger” Erysipelothrix rhusiopathae
Definition
cellulitis on hand, purple and swollen, fish or meat handling, follows mild trauma, sepsis in immunocompromised
Term
Anaerobic Cellulitis Clostridium perfringins
Definition
Locally swollen dermal tissue, dark, foul smelling discharge with fat globules, painless, relatively deep infection in devitalized tissue, follows moderate trauma
Term
Ecthyma Gangrenosum P aeruginosa [E coli]
Definition
Round lesion of necrotic tissue 1-15 cm with halo of erythema, hx suggesting blood infection, G(-) lactose (-) rod
Term
Nectrotizing Fasciitis Type I aerobe (E coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas) plus anaerobe (C perfringins, Bacteroides)
Definition
Rapid onset and quick spreading local edema, erythema, necrotic look following injury; severe pain, fever, chills; both aerobic and anaerobic organism cultured from would
Term
Nectrotizing Fasciitis Type II (60% of Nectorzing Ds) Streptococcus pyogenes (specific M type- esp virulent) (pyogenic exotoxins A and B)
Definition
Rapid onset and quick spreading local edema, erythema, necrotic look following injury; very aggressive – destroys up to 1 in of tissue per hour, no obvious margin, purplish bullae filled with blood or foul smelling “dishwater” pus; prognosis: DIC, shock, death within 2 days
Term
Fourniere’s Gangrene (subset of Type I NF) aerobe (E coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas) plus anaerobe (C perfringins, Bacteroides)
Definition
Necrotizing fasciitis of male genitalia in debilitated, hospitalized pts; common in diabetics, elderly, alcoholics, chronic steroid users
Term
Clostridial Myonecrosis (Gas Gangrene) Clostridium perfringens
Definition
Sudden onset of pain, heaviness, edema after deep wound; gas production in surrounding soft tissue, hemorrhagic bullae, bronze skin, serosanguinous discharge, crepitice and gas release on palpation, systemic symptoms
Term
Bacterial Pyomyositis Staphlococcus aureus
Definition
Localized muscle pain, edema, fever, swollen muscle, pain, commonly legs (esp quadricepts), more common in tropics, untreated leads to sepsis
Term
Fish Tank / Swimming Pool Granuloma Mycobacterium marinum
Definition
Ulceration lesions on skin following exposed wound contact with slime in fresh or salt water, sticks around for months, acid fast bacilli
Term
Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium fortuitum
Definition
Raised abscesses on skin, often after exposure to inadequately treated pools or hot tubs, Typically in immunocompramised, especially diabetics (get cold abscesses around needle sticks), acid fast bacilli
Term
Disseminated TB Skin Infection Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Definition
Skin and soft tissue infections anywhere in the body in pts with TB history
Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) Staphlococcus aureus (TSST-1 and 2) [Streptococcus Pyogenes (SPE-A)]
Definition
With Trivial Infection, Abrupt fever, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotensive, hypovolemic shock, sunburn rash, Near end of infection skin scalding
Term
Childbed Fever/ Puerperal Fever Streptococcus Pyogenes (SPE-A)
Definition
Sepsis in postpartum women
Term
Tetanus Clostridum tentani
Definition
Lock Jaw, Sardonic Smile, Rigidity, Spaspms, Spastic Paralysis
Term
Neonatal Tetanus Clostridum tentani
Definition
Generalized weakness, Spasms, Failure to thrive in neonate, starts at umbilical stump or at circumcision
Term
Leprosy Mycobacterium leprae
Definition
Plaque-like skin lesions, thickened cheeks, deformed nose, peripheral sensory loss, progresses to nodular rash, Not in USA
Term
Microbemia/ Bacteremia commonly E coli, P aeruginosa, S aureus, S pneumoniae
Definition
Bacteria present in blood culture; may be asymptomatic; Fever, Chills, Fatigue, Myalgia, Arthralgia, Sweating indicate sepsis
Term
Acute Infective Endocarditis Staphlocous aureus [Streptococcus pneumonia, Nisseria gonorrhea, Streptococcus pyogenes, E. fecalis]
Definition
Fever, heart murmur early, valve vegetations on imaging; later emboli cause petechial “Janeway” lesions on palms and soles, and possible infarcts; long term signs are Roth Spots (autoimmune retinal hemorrhages), Osler’s nodes (painful red lesions of toe pulp on palms and soles, autoimmune)
Term
Subacute Infective Endocarditis Viridan Streptococcus [Haemophilus, Enterococci, S epidermidis (prosthetic valve)]
Definition
Symptoms similar to CHF (tachypnea, cyanosis, edema; hx of underlying heart disease, fever, weight loss, insidious onset
Term
Osteomyelitis Staphlococcus aureus (90%)
Definition
Abscess of Bone, Children: Long Bones, Insidious, pseudoparalysis, Adults: Vertebral Column, LBP, Fever
Term
Septic Arthritis S aureus (<15 and >30 yrs) N gonorrhoeae (15-35 yrs)
Definition
Acutely Painful Swollen Joints, Fever, Effusions, Warm, high PMN in CBC
Term
Septic Bursitis Staphlococcus aureus
Definition
Inflammation Around Joints, Spongy on palpation, Redness, Warm, Purulent fluid with WBCs, fever, chills, malaise, commonly a/c joint
Term
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (DGI) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Definition
Dermatitis, Septic Arthritis, Tendon Inflammation, Migratory Polyarthralgia, possible vasculitic rash (can look like meningococcemia), G(-) diplococci in synovial fluid, hx of gonococcal infection
Term
Blepharitis Staphlococcus aureus
Definition
Cellulitis of the Eyelid, Frequently Bilateral, Swelling, Redness, Exudates that crust on eyelashes
Term
Acute Conjunctivitis Streptococcus pneumoniae [H influenzae, S aureus]
Definition
Burning, Irritation of eyes, Lots of Tears, Pronounced Purulent Discharge, Frequently Bilateral, Self Limiting
Term
Inclusion Conjunctivitis Chalmydia thrachomatis (serotypes D-K)
Definition
Copious mucoid discharge, red eyes, common in infants infected by mother during birth, adults = autoinoculation
Term
Hyperacute Conjunctivitis/ Opthalmia Neonatorum (infants) (serious, threatens eyesight) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Definition
Copious Yellow-Green Discharge from eyes that re-accumulates immediately with clearing, tenderness, G(-) diplococci on choc agar
Term
Chronic Conjunctivitis Staphlococcus aureus
Definition
Long term eye itching, Burning, Morning Eyelid Crusting, flaking of eyelids, loss of eyelashes
Term
Keratoconjunctivitis (corneal & conjunctival inflammation) (Trachoma) Chalymdia trachomatis (serotypes A-C)
Definition
Repeated infections lead to plaque formation of vascular tissue, scarring of eyelid, corneal abrasion; leading cause of blindness in world, more common with poor hygiene (rare in US), preventable
Term
Keratitis (corneal inflammation) Staphlococcus aureus [Streptococcus pyogenes, Chalymidia trachamastis, Pseudomonas aeriginosa]
Definition
Significant eye pain, Photophobia, Red Eye, thick ropy, mucopurulant discharge, typically follows trauma, can lead to cloudiness or ulceration of cornea and diminished visual acuity
Term
Epidemic Typhus Rickettsia powezekii
Definition
Maculopapular rash beginning on trunk and spreading to extremities (spares palms soles and face), fever, headache, myalgia, Vascular endothelium damaged, louse born, antibody serology
Term
Endemic Typhus Rickettsia mooseri
Definition
Maculopapular rash, fever, malaise, louse born, antibody serology
Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Rickettsia rickettsi
Definition
Maculopapular rash begins on extremities and spreads to trunk (spares palms soles and face), fever, headache, myalgia, vascular damage (possible CNS damage, organ failure), dog tick or deer tick, East coast, antibody serology
Term
Lyme Disease Borrelia burgdorferi
Definition
Stage 1: Early – Localized: Erythema migrans (bulseye rash); Stage 2: Early – Disseminated: Secondary lesions, macupapular rash, CNS signs: meningitis, bell’s palsy; Stage 3: Late – Persistent: Months to years later, Joint swelling, autoimmune; Deer tick, Cape Cod, 36 to 48 hrs to transfer from Deer Tick, most common vector borne disease in US, ELISA and Western blot to dx
Term
Relapsing Fevers Borrelia recurrentis
Definition
Night Sweats with relapsing fever (due to antigenic variation of pathogen), soft tick vector, many animal reservoirs, Western US
Term
Cat-Scratch Disease Bartonella henselae
Definition
Lymphadenopathy near cat, flea, or tick bite, fever, immunocompetent, often kids, labs to rule out other causes of lymphadenopathy
Term
Bacillary Angiomatosis Bartonella henselae
Definition
Small skin nodules that represent proliferation of capillary bundles (angiomatosis), typically in AIDS patients, contact with cats, dx with silver stain
Term
Pasteurella Pasturella multocida
Definition
From Bite of Dog or Cat, Soft tissue swelling, erythema, pain, lymadenoapthy, G(-) nonmotile coccobacilli, hazardous to immunocompromised
Term
Anthrax Bacillus anthracis
Definition
Reservoir in domestic animals, Cutaneous: Tiny papule to vesicle to black necrotic ulcer that is painless; Inhalation: Inhalation of spores, Primary Phase - Sore throat, fever, Secondary Phase – dyspnea, Edema, Hypoxia, Sepsis, “woolsorters”; GI: Ingestion of spores, Lesions at base of tongue, Pharyngitis, White plaque on pharynx, Nausea, anorexia, Blood vomiting, Sepsis; Hemorrhagic Meningeoenchphalitis: Extension of inhalation, only in bio-warfare
Term
Rabbit Fever, Deer-Fly Fever Francisella tularensis (Gram (-), Aerobic, Non-Spore Forming, Intracellular Diplococci)
Definition
Rodents, Rabits reservoirs; Seems like plague, Requires break in skin, mucosa, etc. Multiply within macrophages; Ulceroglandular: Cutaneous pustule that ulcerates, usually on hands due to animal handling; Glandular: Lymphadenopathy w/o cutaneous disease; Occuloglandular: Finger or Splash Eye Contamination, Ulceration of conjunctiva; Oropharyngeal: From Ingestion of contaminated products, Exudative pharyngitis, Ulcer production in posterior and inferior pharynx, Cervical lymphadenopathy, Looks like strep throat; Pulmonary: Inhalation of contaminated dust / aerosols, Can come from hemorrhagic spread, Cough, Purulant Sputum, pneumonia, Quickly progresses to Sepsis; Typhoidal: Just means systemic, No known anatomical location, Fever, Weight loss, Muscle Aches and Pains; Tuleremia Sepsis: Sepsis, DOC, Shock, Diarrhea, Vaccine does exist, dx: fluorescent Ab, Elisa, PCR
Term
Bubonic Plague
Definition
Abrupt onset of hemorrhagic lymphadenopathy (bubos), fever, malaise, sepsis; followed by hemorrhagic consolidations in lung (bloody, frothy sputum), shock, DIC, Tachycardia, hx of contact with rodents, dx: culture on MacConkey, immunofluorescence, Rodent reservoir, transmitted to humans by Rat Fleas
Term
Acute Meningitis various etiology
Definition
Fever, Headaches, Altered mental status; also: nuchal rigidity, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, sensory changes, high protein and low glucose in CSF, PMN in CSF, bacteria in CSF
Term
Signs of Acute Meningitis
Definition
Kernig sign (can’t extend leg when thigh at right angle); Brudzinski sign (passive flexion of neck or one leg causes movement of other leg)
Term
Streptococcus agalctiae (GBS) [E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes – passed from mother in birth]
Definition
Acute meningitis in neonates
Term
Listeria monocytogenes
Definition
Acute meningitis in pregnant women
Term
Streptococcus pneumonia
Definition
Acute meningitis in < 2 y/o
Term
Haemophilus influenzae B
Definition
Acute meningitis in 2 – 6 y/o & Unvaccinated
Term
Nisseria meningitis [Streptococcus pneumoniae]
Definition
Acute meningitis in 6 – 25 y/o
Term
Gram (-) Rods E. coli or Proteus [Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumonia, H influenzae B]
Definition
Acute meningitis in patients with chronic disease (diabetes, alcoholism, elderly)
Term
Strep pneumoniae [Neisseria meningitides, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa]
Definition
Acute meningitis in immunocompromised
Term
Meningococcemia without meningitis (dangerous – means fast spread) Neisseria meningitis
Definition
Fever, chills, petechial rash spreads over trunk, eye hemorrhage; complications: toxic shock, DIC, hemorrhages - adrenal (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome), pulmonary edema, endocardium, tricuspid valve
Term
Meningococcal meningitis Neisseria meningitis
Definition
Acute meningitis symptoms, diplococci in blood
Term
Subacute Meningitis Mycobacterium tuberculosis [Trepanium pallidum, fungal agents]
Definition
Acute meningitis, lasts days to months
Term
Lyme Borreliosis Borrelia burgdorferi
Definition
mild meningitis with Bell’s palsy; years later encephalitis or meningoencephalitis
Term
Neurosyphilis Treponema pallidum
Definition
Mild meningitis in secondary or tertiary stages of syphilis; years later encephalitis, stroke, progressive dementia
Term
Chlaymidia pneumoniae
Definition
High antigen and antibodies from infection with possible autoimmune link to multiple sclerosis
Term
Urethritis / Cervicitis Chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes D to K)
Definition
Dysuria, pyuria, inflammation of urethra, yellow to white thin discharge with leukocytes but no bacteria
Term
Epididymitis Chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes D to K) [Neisseria gonorrhea]
Definition
Men, unilateral scrotal pain, fever, tenderness, swelling, recent history of (and possibly continuing) dysuria, pyuria, yellowish penile discharge with leukocytes but no bacteria
Term
Lymphogramuloma Venereum (LGV) Chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes L1 to L3)
Definition
Painless papules at site of inoculation, resolve in wk, then lymphadenopathy, inguinal nodes enlarge, ulcerate, spread infection; perirectal abscesses, rectal fistulas and strictures, pencil stools, weight loss, fever, rash, vomiting, arthralgia
Term
Acute Urethritis Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Definition
Occurs in Men, Purulant discharge, dysuria, periurethral abscess, discharge with white cells and G(-) diplococci
Term
Cervicitis / Urethritis (Bartholinitis) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Definition
Occurs in Women, heavy purulent and foul-smelling cervical discharge, vaginal bleeding, dysuria, occurs with rectal infection, diplococci, can transmit in birth à opthalmia neonatorum
Term
Proctitis Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Definition
Bloody anal discharge most common in women and homosexual males, diplococci
Term
PID (salpingitis) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Definition
Ascending infection, tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic peritonitis, tenesmus (false urge to defecate), complication of ascending cervicitis, possible sequella: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis
Term
Mycoplasma Genetalium Mycoplasma hominis (more common) -or- Ureplasma Urealyticum Ureplasma (less common)
Definition
Clear to cloudy urethral discharge, dysuria, itching, tender genitals, ascends causing testicular swelling (men) PID (women); can also present in anus (purities, pain) and oral (sore throat), fried egg colonies on glucose
Term
Cancroid Haemophilus ducreyi
Definition
Papules à pustules à purulent painful ulcers, rip and bleed easily, HSV(-), no T. palladium in darkfield, Gram (-) coccobacilli with characteristic wavy pattern, women may be asymptomatic
Term
Granuloma Inguinale/ Donovanosis Klebsiella granulomatis
Definition
Progressive ulcerative disease on genitals – begins in mucus membranes, small painless papule becomes nodular, skin erodes, beefy red ulcer forms, no lymphadenopathy, travel hx to New Guinea, S Africa, Caribbean, Donovan bodies on staining
Term
Bacterial Vaginosis (NOT Vaginitis!) Gardnerella vaginalis
Definition
Irritation, Greenish Discharge, Low pH (<5), Bleeding, Amine-Odor (Fishy Smell), “Clue” cells present in vaginal scraping
Term
Syphilis Treponema pallidum
Definition
(1) Painless chancre with raised edges, local lymphadenopathy, resolves; (2) months later macropapular rash on trunk with copper hue, genital and anal warts (condylama lata), athralgia, fever, malaise, resolves; latent phase, can relapse; (3) years later autoimmune damage to soft tissue and bone (gummas – large rubbery lumps everywhere), CV tissue (aortitis, aneurysm), CNS (meningitis, tabes dorsalis – degeneration of sensory neurons), joints (Charcot’s Disease); dark field microscopy reveals spirochetes
Term
Congenital Syphilis (Saddle Nose) (Hutchinson’s Disease) Treponema pallidum
Definition
Spontaneous abortion, fetal skin lesions, destruction of bones, Hutchinson’s teeth, passed from mother through placenta
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