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Definition
| an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic adenylic acid from adenosine triphosphate |
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| relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen |
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| an extreme, often life-threatening allergic reaction to an antigen to which the body has become hypersensitive |
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Definition
| inhibition of or interference with the action of one antibiotic by another |
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Definition
| the interaction or cooperation of two or more antibiotics to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects |
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Definition
| the mechanism by which an infectious agent such as a bacterium alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response |
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| area under the inhibitory curve |
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Definition
| the ratio of drug exposure to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) |
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Definition
| having the ability to kill bacteria |
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Definition
| preventing the multiplying of bacteria without destroying them |
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| the proportion of a drug or other substance that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect |
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| a form of necrosis characteristic of tuberculosis, in which diseased tissue forms a firm, dry mass like cheese in appearance |
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Definition
| stage of disease characterized by excessive discharge or buildup of mucus in the nose or throat with associated with inflammation of the mucous membrane |
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| stage of disease characterized by gradual recovery and lessening of symptoms |
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Definition
| bacterium of a genus that includes the diphtheria bacillus, especially one that does not cause disease |
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Definition
| infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with the presence of blood and mucus in the feces |
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Definition
| a pregnancy in which the fetus develops outside the uterus, typically in a Fallopian tube |
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Definition
| particular strain of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae responsible for the seventh global pandemic |
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Definition
| therapy begun on the basis of a clinical educated guess in the absence of complete or perfect information |
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Definition
| a toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell and is released when the cell disintegrates |
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Definition
| a complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of animals and is the largest reservoir of beneficial microorganisms in humans |
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Definition
| type of antibiotic resistance acquired from outside sources such as bacteriophage or plasmids |
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Definition
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| a type of protein that act as a molecular switch inside cells, and is involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior |
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Definition
| a combination of pleural surface-healed granulomas, calcifications, or scars on the middle lobe of the lung together with hilar lymph node granulomas |
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Definition
| a staining technique for the preliminary identification of bacteria, in which a violet dye is applied, followed by a decolorizing agent and then a red dye |
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Definition
| a mass of granulation tissue, typically produced in response to infection, inflammation, or the presence of a foreign substance |
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Definition
| catalyzes the reaction of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and pyrophosphate |
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Definition
| a small, soft swelling that is characteristic of the late stages of syphilis and occurs in the connective tissue of the liver, brain, testes, and heart |
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Definition
| capsule consisting of hyaluronic acid produced by Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Definition
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Definition
| action of one antibiotic is not affected by the presence of another |
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Definition
| innate ability of a microorganism to resist the effects of an antibiotic |
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Definition
| strains of bacteria that lack cell walls |
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Definition
| present in the body without causing disease, but capable of doing so at a later stage |
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Definition
| a surface protein present on strep bacteria that prevents white blood cells from engulfing and destroying the bacteria |
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| minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) |
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Definition
| the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that will inhibit the visible growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation |
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Definition
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| any of several hydroxy fatty acids that have very long branched chains and are obtained especially from the wax of the tubercle bacillus |
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Definition
| an acute disease in which inflammation of the fasciae of muscles or other organs results in rapid destruction of overlying tissues |
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Definition
| somatic antigen of enteric gram-negative bacteria; external part of cell wall lipopolysaccharide |
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Term
| oxygen-tolerant anaerobes |
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Definition
| bacteria that cannot use oxygen for growth, but tolerate its presence |
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Definition
| characterized by bursts of coughing, or numerous rapid coughs, apparently due to difficulty expelling thick mucus from the airways of the lungs |
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| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) |
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Definition
| inflammation of the female genital tract, accompanied by fever and lower abdominal pain |
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Definition
| the branch of pharmacology concerned with the effects of drugs and the mechanism of their action |
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Definition
| the reversible ability of some bacteria to turn on and off the expression of genes coding for surface antigens |
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Definition
| short curled hairlike processes on the surface of certain bacteria that are involved in conjugation and the attachment of the bacteria to other cells |
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| an infectious fever caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii, which may be transmitted to humans from cattle, sheep, and other domesticated animals |
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Definition
| blood poisoning caused by the presence of bacteria |
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Definition
| a flexible spirally twisted bacterium |
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Definition
| bacteria that grow only in the absence of oxygen |
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Definition
| the ability of two or more antibiotics to work better together than the sum of their individual activities |
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Definition
| blood poisoning by toxins from a local bacterial infection |
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Definition
| property of exhibiting a newly positive test for TB after previously showing a negative test |
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Definition
| an infectious disease caused by rickettsiae, characterized by a purple rash, headaches, fever, and usually delirium, and historically a cause of high mortality during wars and famines |
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Definition
| inflammation of the urethra |
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Definition
| a special bacteriological stain used to identify acid-fast organisms, mainly Mycobacteria; also known as the acid fast stain |
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Definition
| property of some bacteria to partially lyse red blood cells |
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Definition
| property of some bacteria to completely lyse red blood cells and degrade heme |
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Definition
| enzymes produced by some bacteria that provide resistance to antibiotics such as penicillins, cephamycins, and carbapenems |
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