Term
| Characteristics of Bacteria |
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Definition
- peptidoglycan in cell wall
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Term
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Definition
- The oxygen produced by early cyanobacteria led to an accumulation of oxygen in the atmospere and led to the formation of an ozone layer. This allowed the development of organisms on land
- First organisms to have chloroplasts
- Oxygenic photoautotrophs
- Extensive internal membranes
- Release oxygen during photosystenthesis. Oxygen produced by early cyanobacteria permitted the evolution of aerobic respiration and the appearance of present-day eukaryotes.
- Many species "fix" nitrogen. These species lose photosystem II b/c nitrogenase is sensative to O2
- Some believe that the eukaryotes developed mitochondira by engulfing cyanobacteria.
- E.g. Anabaena form filamentous colongs containing three cell types: heterocysts, vegetative ells, adn spores
- Used to be called blue-green algae
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Term
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Definition
| The horizontal transfer of genes between two or more individuals. One of the individuals extends a pilus between the indviduals undergoing conjugation. The plasmid of the donor is nicked and a single strand of DNA is transferred to the recepient cell. Both cells syntheize a complimentary strand to produce a double-strandid circular plasmid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Horizontal transer of genes mediated by a phage (virus). Phage attacks bacterium & inserts DNA. DNA gets incorporated into the host's genome. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of horizontal gene transfer in which a cell is damaged and leadks its DNA into the environment. Then recepeint cells directly uptake and incorporate the genetic material through the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
- Anaerobic
- Chemoheterotrophic
- Helical shaped (mostly) with axial filaments
- Gram-negative
- Swim by corkscrew motion
- Many live in humans as parasites while a few are cause diseases (pathogenic) such as Syphilis and Lyme disease.
- Make a biofilm
- Can also be free livign in mude or water.
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Term
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Definition
- Gram-negative
- cocci
- Chemoheterotroph
- Unique among bacteria b/c of their complex life-cycle involving elementary bodies and reticulate bodies.
- Can only survive as parasites in the cells of other organisms
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Term
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Definition
- First organisms to have chloroplasts
- Oxygenic photoautotrophs
- Extensive internal membranes
- Release oxygen during photosystenthesis. Oxygen produced by early cyanobacteria permitted the evolution of aerobic respiration and the appearance of present-day eukaryotes.
- Many species "fix" nitrogen. These species lose photosystem II b/c nitrogenase is sensative to O2
- Some believe that the eukaryotes developed mitochondira by engulfing cyanobacteria.
- E.g. Anabaena form filamentous colongs containing three cell types: heterocysts, vegetative ells, adn spores
- Used to be called blue-green algae
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Term
| Proteobacteria (bacteria) |
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Definition
- Largest group of bacteria in terms of number of described species
- Eukaryotes gained their mitochondra from endosymbiosis of alpha-bacterium
- Metabolically diverse: aerobes, anearobes, heterotrophs, chemoautotrophs, nitrogen fixers, etc)
- The metabolic diversity is paraphyletic.
- Includes E. Coli, Rhizobium, and chondromyces
- E.g. purple bacteria, which don't produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
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