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Bacteria/Protist quiz
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36
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/29/2009

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Term
Unity of life
Definition
Refers to the fact that all organisms share the same basic characteristics; DNA, composed of same basic cells, cellular structures, and organic molecules, homeostasis, metabolism, responsiveness.
Term
Diversity of life
Definition
Refers to the diversity of types of organisms, biologist attribute this to organisms evolving in response to different environmental conditions.
Term
Characteristics of bacteria
Definition
Prokaryotic, much smaller than eukaryotes, have three cell shapes [rod shaped (bacillus) round (coccus) and spiral (spirillum)], have cell walls and cell membranes, reproduce through binary fission, have high rates of mutation (causing high levels of diversity)
Term
Genetic recombination
Definition
The process of bacteria exchanging DNA with one another. Three different types, conjugation, transformation, and transduction.
Term
plasmid
Definition
circular pieces of DNA that exist and replicate independently of bacterial chromosomes, plasmids may carry genes for a wide variety of functions; unlike chromosomal DNA they are usually dispensable.
Term
Conjugation
Definition
The direct tranfer of DNA from one bacterium to another. The donor grows a cytoplasmic bridge that connects to the recipient and then passes DNA through the cytoplasmic bridge to the recipient.
Term
Transformation
Definition
tha assimilation (taking in) of bacterial DNA from another bacterium. If bacteria encounter a piece of bacterial DNA in their environment they have surface proteins that will allow the DNA into the cytoplasm.
Term
Transduction
Definition
the accidental transfer of DNa from one bacterium to another via a phage (virus that attacks a bacteria).
Term
Two basic groups of bacteria
Definition
Archaebacteria (ancient forms, evolved seprately from other forms), and Eubacteria.
Term
Pathogenic
Definition
ability to cause diseases
Term
Bacteria are found
Definition
in the coldest, hottest, wettest, driest, deepedt, highest, most acidic, and most toxic regions of the planet.
Term
Bacteria are
Definition
essential for human life, and are living on the surface and inside many of your bodies cells.
Term
Saprophytic
Definition
make a living by breaking down and absorbing dead organic matter, fungi are saprophytic or
Term
parasitic
Definition
organisms that make a living by taking nutrients from another organism that is harmed by the relationship
Term
Fungi are composed of
Definition
Chitin, hyphae, mycelium, fruiting body.
Term
Chitin
Definition
the main component of the cell walls in fungi.
Term
Hyphae
Definition
branching filamentous cell of fungi
Term
Mycelium
Definition
the body of an individual fungus, which is composed of hyphae.
Term
The four phyla of the kingdom of fungi
Definition
Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, Ascomycota.
Term
Chytridiomycota
Definition
Watermolds, Allomycetes, etc.
Term
Zygomycota
Definition
Bread molds, Rhizopus, etc.
Term
Basidiomycota
Definition
Mushrooms, rusts, smuts, mycorhizae, etc.
Term
Ascomycota
Definition
yeast, penicillin, athlete's foot, ring worm, etc.
Term
Autotrophic
Definition
important primary producers, use energy sources such as light to produce organic substrates from inorganic material such as CO2 (plant like protistans such as algae).
Term
heterotrophic
Definition
an organism that uses organic carbon for growth. (protozoans)
Term
Ciliates
Definition
protozoans that use cilia to move. (Paramecium, Stentor, etc.)
Term
Flagellates
Definition
Protozoans that use flagella to move. (Euglena, Trypanosoma, Giardia, Trichamonas, etc.)
Term
Amoebae
Definition
protozoans that us the extensions of the cytoplasm to move. (psuedopodia is another term) (Ampeba, radiolarians, forminiferans, etc.)
Term
Apicomplexans
Definition
protozoans that have no locomotory extensions, but have specialized region at the apex of the cell for attachment. (Plasmodium, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, etc.)
Term
Phyla "plant like" of protistans
Definition
Pyrrhophyta, Chrysophyta, Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta, Chlorophyta
Term
Pyrrhophyta
Definition
dinoflaggelates, toxic shellfish poisoning, red tides, etc.
Term
Chrysophyta
Definition
diatoms, golden brown algae, etc.
Term
Rhodophyta
Definition
red algae, nori for wrapping sushi, etc.
Term
Phaeuphyta
Definition
brown algae, kelp, rock weed, sargassum, macrocystis.
Term
Chlorophyta
Definition
Green algae, sea lettuce, spirogyra, etc.
Term
Symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi
Definition
Fungis provides housing, water and mineral to the algae. The alga provides nutrition.
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