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| kingdom of prokaryotes more like eukaryotic cells than eubacteria; includes methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles. |
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| each daughter cell of a bacteria inherits a circularized , double-stranded DNA molecule that has only a few proteins attached to it |
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| the transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another |
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| flagella used in mobility by rotating like a propeller. |
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| category of viruses that infect bacterial cells |
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| spherical shaped bacteria |
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| outcome of infection when defenses against a pathogen cannot be mobilized fast enough, and the pathogen's activities interfere with normal body functions |
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| deadly pathogen, either a newly mutated strain of an existing type or one that evolved a long time ago and is now exploiting an increased presence of human hosts |
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| resting structure formed by some bacteria; encloses a duplicate of the bacterial chromosome and a portion of cytoplasm |
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| a disease that spreads rapidly through part of a population for a limited time, then the outbreak subsides. |
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| kingdom of all prokaryotic cells except archaebacteria |
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| "heat-lovers"; live in geothermally heated soils, sulfur-rich hot springs, and wastes from coal mines. catergory of archaebacteria that are the most heat-tolerant |
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| spore bearing structures. many myxobacteria colonies form fruiting bodies. some differentiate and form a slime stalk, others form branchings, and others form clusters of spores. |
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| a sticky mesh, often encloses the cell well. consists of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or both |
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| a stain that can help identify many bacterial species on the basis of their wall structure and composition. gram-positive cells will be purple, gram-negative cells will be pink |
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| "salt-lovers"; live in salty places. spoil salted produce |
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| cyanobacterial cell that modifies itself and makes a nitrogen-fixing enzyme when nitrogen supplise dwindle |
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| invasion and multiplication of a pathogen in a host. disease follows if defenses are not mobilized fast enough; the pathogen's activities interfere with normal body functions |
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| gross damage to a plasma membrane, cell wall, or both that lets the cytoplasm to leak out; causes cell beath |
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| latent period that extends many viral replication cycles. viral genes integrated into host chromosome and may stay inactivated through many host cell divisions but eventually are replicated in host progeny |
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| of viruses, a rapid replication pathway that ends with lysis of host cell |
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| anaerobic archaebacterium that produces methane gas as a by-product |
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| organism, usually single celled. too small to be observed without a microscope |
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| study of the degree of relatedness between individuals. usually dependant on traits |
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| an epidemic that breaks out in several countries all around the world |
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| an epidemic that breaks out in several countries all around the world |
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| any virus, bacterium, or fungus that can infect an organism and cause disease |
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| short, filamentous protiens projected above cell wall that help move things |
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| small, self-replicating circle of extra DNA |
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| small infectious protein that causes disease of the nervous system |
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| single celled organism, most often walled. lacks the profusion of membrane bound organelles |
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| cell division mechanism by which bacterial cells reproduce |
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| a cell body with one or more twists |
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| two types of something that show minor differences |
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| tightly folded strands or circles of RNA |
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| a noncellular infectious agent that has two characteristics |
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