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Bacteria Allergies and Pandemic Flu
N/A
29
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/16/2009

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Cards

Term
Prokaryotic
Definition
Bacteria w/ no nucleus
Term
KPCOFGS
Definition

Kinky People Come Over For Great Sex

Kingdom, Phyla, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Term
Coccus
Definition
Spherical Bacteria Shape
Term
Bacteria
Definition
Prokaryotic Cell - no nucleus
Term
Bacillus
Definition
Rod-like bacteria
Term
Spirillum
Definition
curved, spiral shaped bacteria
Term
Peptidoglycan
Definition
a complex structural polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls
Term

 

    Binary fission

 

Definition
method by which bacteria reproduce (due to energy in sugar)
Term
Antibiotics
Definition
antimicrobial drugs naturally produced by microorganisms; synthetic versions can be made (ex. penicillin)
Term
Antibiotic Resistance 
Definition
development of ability to defend against antibiotics (antibiotic is no longer effective)
Term
Antibiotic resistance genes
Definition
often carried on plasmids (circular DNA)
Term
transformation
Definition
through plasmids
Term
transduction
Definition
through virus (phage virus)
Term
Antibiotic Paradox
Definition
treatment with antibiotics selects for antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria
Term
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Definition

Allergic reactions
Tissue rejection
Autoimmune disorders

Term
Allergies
Definition
hypersensitivity to substances that ordinarily would not harm the body (no need for immune response)
Term
Antigens (allergens
Definition

trigger an allergic response

allergens cause mast cells to release histamine

Term
Tissue Rejection
Definition

 

Cytotoxic T cells attack cells that are not “self”
-Patients receiving transplanted organs need to take immunosupressive drugs for life to prevent tissue rejection

 

Term
Histamine
Definition
a molecule released from mast cells during an inflammatory response that causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable.
Term
Helper T-Cells
Definition

are involved in activating and directing other immune cells, and are particularly important in the immune system

- Autoimmunity

- Transplant rejection

Term
Regulatory T Cells (Suppressor T cells) 
Definition

T cells that suppress activation of the immune system; stimulate production of IL-10

Shuts down immune response following successful handling of invading antigen
Provides tolerance to “self” antigens

Term
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)
Definition

pattern recognition receptors

-are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system.

- Once these microbes have breached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tractmucosa, they are recognized by TLRs which activates immune cell responses.

Term

 

IPEX Syndrome

 

Definition

(Immunedysregulation,polyendocrinopathy,entX-linked syndrome)

-Multiple autoimmune disorders

Term
Polyendocrinopathy
Definition
multiple disorders of endocrine glands (type I diabetes, hyperthyroidism)
Term
Enteropathy
Definition

destruction of intestinal cells; severe diarrhea

Term
Antigenic drift 
Definition

random mutations in viral genes; alters antigens on viral surface

Loss of immunity (immune system no longer recognizes virus)
Vaccine mismatch (vaccine does not protect against infection by virus that has “drifted”)

Term
Influenza viruses are...
Definition
RNA viruses
Term
Antigenic shift 
Definition
different strains of a virus combine; surface antigens are a mixture of those associated with each viral strain
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