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Bacillus & Clostridium
Spore-forming Rods
6
Medical
Graduate
05/24/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Bacillus anthrasis
-reservoir
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics
Definition
Sheep, goats, cattle

Endospores (cutaneous, inhalation, ingestion)

Aerobic/facultative anaerobe

unique protein capsule; antiphagocytic
Non-motile
PX01: encodes exotoxin
PX02: poly-glutamyl capsule

Protective Antigen (PA): similar to B subunit)
Edema Factor (EF): i/c cAMP
Lethal Factor (LF): TNF & IL-1

Anthrax
-Cutaneous: 95%, implanted, black lesion
-Pulmonary: widened mediastinum/hemorrhagic mediastinitis
-GI: abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea

Gram stain
Culture
Serology
PCR of nasal swab
Term
Bacillus cereus
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics
Definition
Endospores

Aerobic

No capsule
Motile

Heat labile: like that in ETEC
Heat stable: produces syndrome similar to Staph aureus food poisoning, but with limited diarrhead

Food poisoning: N&V, diarrhea

Culture specimen from food source
Term
Clostridium botulinum
-reservoir
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics
Definition
Store vegetables: home-canned, Zip-lock
Smoked fish
Fresh honey: infant botulism

Endospores (heat resistant)

*Anaerobic*

Motile: flagella (H-Ag pos)

Neurotoxin: inhibits release of Ach from peripheral nerves
Toxin is not secreted, but released upon death of bacterium

Food-borne botulism: CN palsies, muscle weakness, respiratory paralysis
Infant: constipation, flaccid paralysis
Would: similar to food-borne, but not GI prodromal symptoms

Gram stain
Culture requires anaerobic conditions
Term
Clostridium tetani
-reservoir
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics
Definition
Soil

Endospores: introduced through wound

Anaerobic

Motile: flagella, H-Ag +

Tetanospasmin: inhibits release of GABA and glycine (inhibitory neurotransmitters) from nerve cells -> sustained muscle contraction

Muscle spasms
Lockjaw (trismus)
Risus sardonicus
Respiratory muscle paralysis

Gram + rods, endospore at one end, *drumstick*
Culture req's anaerobic conditions
Term
Closteridium perfrigens
-reservoir
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics
Definition
Soil
GI tract of humans & mammals

Endospores

Anaerobic

Non-motile

Alpha toxin: lecithinase
11 other tissue enzymes

Gaseous Gangrene
-cellulitis/wound infxn
-clostridial myonecrosis
-watery diarrhea

Gram stain
Culture req's anaerobic conditions
Term
Clostridium difficile
-reservoir
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics
Definition
Intestinal tract
Endospores in hospitals & nursin homes

Fecal-oral: ingestion of endospores

Anaerobic

Motile: flagella, H-Ag +

Toxin A: diarrhea
Toxin B: cytotoxic to colonic epithelial cells

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis: antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Immunoassay for C. difficile toxin
Colonoscopy
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