Term
| What is the text definition of business ethics? |
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Definition
| “behavior that is consistent with the principles, norms and standards of business practice that have been agreed upon by society” [p. 19] |
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Term
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Definition
recognition that a situation has a moral issue, Most likely to recognize moral issue when:
Peers consider it morally problematic, Moral language is used when problem is presented, Decision could cause serious harm to others |
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Term
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Definition
-Making a decision about what is the right thing to do
-Individual differences
--Ethical decision making style
--Cognitive moral development
--Locus of control
--Machiavellianism
--Moral disengagement |
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Term
| How does ethical awareness and judgement lead to ethical behaviour? |
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Definition
| Once ethical awareness is intact, characteristics of individuals [cognitive biases and individual personalities] and characteristics of organizations [group and org. pressures and org culture] effect the way ethical issues are judge and the way ethical decisions are made |
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Term
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Definition
-Persons concern for the welfare of others
-Thinking about consequences
-High on idealism: believe that one should always avoid harming other people in ethical dilemma situations |
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Term
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Definition
-Persons emphasis on ethical principles being dependent on the situation rather than being applicable to all situations
-Related to deontological theories and our focus on principles
-Low on relativism: believe that all situations are subject to universal ethical principles (such as honesty)
-High on relativism: believe that people should weigh the particular circumstances in a situation when making decisions bc there are no universal ethical principles that determine right action in every situation
-Associated with unethical intentions |
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Term
| The general order of steps for moral decision-making : |
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Definition
1. Moral Awareness
2. Ethical Judgement
3. Ethical behavior |
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Term
| What is the relationship between ethics and the law? |
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Definition
| “domain of ethics includes the law but extends beyond it to include the ethical standards that the law does not address” |
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Term
| What does the law represent, with respect to business conduct? |
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Definition
| Business law reflects societies minimum roles and standards of business conduct |
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Term
| What is the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines (FSGO)? |
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Definition
-“Designed to govern the sentencing of corporate entities convicted of violating federal law”
-Consists of a schedule of fines to be levied against corporate violators that are determined on the basis of the offense committed and the orgs corp. character as captured by a culpability score |
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Term
| What have been the most significant effects of FSGO? |
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Definition
-Turns orgs into an auxiliary in the prosecution of its employees as individuals
-Enables prosecutors to avoid the orgs attorney-client privilege
-Help prosecutors avoid having to overcome the presumptions of innocence in their cases against individuals as well |
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Term
| What are the protections associated with the anti-discrimination laws discussed? |
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Definition
-CA and federal law prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, religion, and other characteristics
-CA anti-discrimination law: fair employment and housing act
-Federal anti-disc. Law: Title VII of the civil rights act of 1964 with the equal opportunity commission |
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Term
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Definition
-Prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, sex, color, and national origin
-Groups specifically protected: women, African Americans, Hispanics, native Americans and Asian pacific islanders |
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Term
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Definition
| First federal leg. To protect disabled Americans |
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Term
| 1967 age disc. In employment acts |
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Definition
| Extends protection to people over 40 |
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Term
| The pregnancy dis. Act of 1978 |
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Definition
| Prohibits disc. Against pregnant women |
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Term
| Ethics and performance management systems; relationship to rewards and discipline |
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Definition
| A corporation determines how people will behave. If ethical behavior is rewarded/punished- ethical behavior is more likely to be practiced [360 degree evaluation] |
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Term
| What factors tend to encourage/discourage ethical behavior in an organization? |
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Definition
-People who shape your ethical decisions [peers and superiors]
-The Pygmalion effect: if standards are low, people will reach low expectations; expectations for ethical behavior are set high for people to fulfill them
-Goals
-Diffusion of responsibility
-Roles and deindivuation |
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Term
| How should goals be managed? |
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Definition
-If the message is that they should be reached no matter what- unethical behavior will be supported
-Management should encourage employees to meet goals but not at cost |
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Term
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Definition
| When you separate an individual from their role or position; "i'm just doing my job" |
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Term
| Diffusion of responsibility |
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Definition
-Responsibility is taken away
-Shared with others in decision making groups
-Obscured through org. hierarchy
-Diluted by psychological distance to potential victims |
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Term
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Definition
| Thinking you have control over the reaction/outcome (you don’t have control over other people’s reactions or over the outcome) |
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Term
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Definition
| Human beings have an optimistic view that they have done the right thing or everything will work out well |
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Term
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Definition
| when someone acts in self-interest, opportunistic, deceptive and manipulative ways to win no matter what |
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Term
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Definition
| someone who has a healthy ego- someone is more likely to act ethically than someone who has a weak ego strength |
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Term
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Definition
| A part of fact gathering- Once you have gathered the info, you may confirm yourself that this is the right stuff but their may be other info out there still |
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Term
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Definition
| the quality of an individual ethical response to an ethical decision will reflect the expectations that superiors expect from you; low standards cause low performance and vice versa |
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Term
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Definition
-Internal: you are responsible
-External: the world creates fate |
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Term
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Definition
| you have made a decision and no one will be able to dissuade you from that decision. Be aware and ready that your decisions may be wrong and have to change your plans |
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Term
| cognitive moral development |
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Definition
| ethical judgement and action based on individual characteristics that come from the moral reasoning research of Lawrence Kohlberg |
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Term
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Definition
| research has found that individual people have a higher (or lower) propensity to deactivate that self-control system through mechanisms; |
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Term
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Definition
| Unethical behaviour is thought to be OK because it contributes to some socially valued outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| people compare their own behavior to more reprehensible behaviour and thus make their own behaviour seem more OK |
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Term
| Name the 3 levels of Kohlberg's Model. |
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Definition
L1: rewards/punishment
L2: shared norms, social obligations
L3:principled, autonomous |
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Term
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Definition
| As small children develop, they gain an ability to decide for themselves what is right. |
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