Term
In terms of aversive stimuli, attacks and foul odors are ___________, while threats and failing grades are _____________.
A. potent; impotent
B. natural; secondary
C. primary; conditioned
D. primitive; cultured |
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Definition
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Term
If wheel running is a higher-frequency operant, then wheel running will _________ drinking; if wheel running is a lower-frequency operant, then wheel running will ________ drinking.
A. decrease; increase
B. reinforce; punish
C. determine; undermine
D. diminish; exacerbate |
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Definition
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Term
Research on the use of skin-shock punishment in the treatment of self-injurious behavior:
A. shows many side effects of punishment
B. Indicates that skin shocks have no effect on non-targeted behavior
C. found an increase in aggressive and destructive behavior with skin shocks
D. indicates that skin-shock treatment eliminates the need for physical restraint |
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Definition
| D. indicates that skin-shock treatment eliminates the need for physical restraint |
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Term
The time between shocks or the ____________ interval and the time away from shocks produced by responses or the _________ interval are two aspects of escape and avoidance.
A. temporal shock; response time
B. shock-shock
C. shocking; responding
D. aversive; postponement |
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Definition
| B.shock-shock; response-shock |
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Term
The procedure of nondiscriminative avoidance is also called:
A. signaled avoidance
B. sensory aversion
C. Sidman avoidance
D. Stevens aversion |
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Definition
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Term
In terms of operant-respondent interactions, persistence, and avoidance:
A. operant avoidance prevents respondent extinction
B. operant avoidance interacts with respondent aggression
C. operant avoidance competes with respondent avoidance
D. operant avoidance sets the occasion for respondent aversion |
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Definition
| A. operant avoidance prevents respondent extinction |
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Term
For learned helplessness, pre-exposure to escape ________ the helplessness brought on by _________ aversive stimulation.
A. enhances; noncontingent
B. causes; excessive
C. augments; expected
D. blocks; inescapable |
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Definition
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Term
With regard to respondent aggression, Ulrich and Azrin (1962) found that the probability of attack for any single shock:
A. decreased as the number of shocks increased
B. remained constant as the number of shocks increased
C. increased as the number of shocks went up
D. increased and then decreased as the number of shocks went up |
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Definition
| C. increased as the number of shocks went up |
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Term
Skinner (1953) reported a game played by sailors int he 18th century. This game involved the following:
A. tying several boys in a ring
B. telling each boy to hit another boy when he himself was hit
C. a slight tap on one boy
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
In terms of dropping out, Sidman (2001) indicates that one basic element is:
A. escape due to negative reinforcement
B. escape due to punishment
C. escape due to contingencies of avoidance
D. escape due to a history of inescapable shock |
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Definition
| A. escape due to negative reinforcement |
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