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B4 It's a green world
B4 It's a green world ocr gateway
48
Science
11th Grade
05/14/2013

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Term
1. What features are found in a plant cell?
Definition
1. Cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, vacuole, chloroplasts
Term
2. What is the role of chloroplasts?
Definition
2. To absorb light energy for photosynthesis
Term
3. What two things are needed for photosynthesis and where do they come from?
Definition
3. Water from roots. CO2 though leaf pores.
Term
4. How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis?
Definition
4. Broad (large surface area), thin (short distance for gases to travel), chlorophyll (absorb light energy), network of veins (support and transport), stomata (gas exchange).
Term
5. Exchange of gases in the stomata is by?
Definition
5. Diffusion.
Term
6. What is the function of the air spaces in the spongy layer?
Definition
6. Allow CO2 to diffuse between stomata and cells and increase surface area.
Term
1. A lack of water will cause the plant to…
Definition
1. Droop/wilt.
Term
2. Describe how water travels through a plant…
Definition
2. Absorbed from soil through root hairs. Transport through plant by xylem to leaves. Evaporation from leaves (transpiration).
Term
3. What is osmosis?
Definition
3. Movement of water across partially permeable membrane from area of high conc to area of low conc.
Term
4. Osmosis is a type of?
Definition
4. Diffusion
Term
5. What does ‘partially permeable’ mean?
Definition
5. Some small molecules can pass through but not larger molecules
Term
6. Describe the specialised features of a root hair cell
Definition
6. Increased surface area so roots ability to take up water by osmosis increased
Term
7. How is a leaf adapted to reduce water loss?
Definition
7. Waxy cuticle, small no. of stomata on upper surface
Term
8. Describe effects of water uptake and loss on animal cells
Definition
8. Too much water = lysis swell and burst. Too little water = crenation shrink.
Term
9. What is plasmolysis?
Definition
9. Shrinking of plant cell due to water loss. Cell membrane pull away from cell wall.
Term
10. What is the role of the a) stem, b) leaf, c) flower, d) root?
Definition
10 a) support and transport, b) photosynthesis, c) reproduction, d) water/mineral uptake, anchorage.
Term
11. What is the function of the xylem?
Definition
11. Transpiration. Movement of water and minerals from roots to leaves.
Term
12. What is the function of the phloem?
Definition
12. Translocation. Movement of sugars up and down stems to growing tissues and storage tissues.
Term
13. Describe the structure of the xylem?
Definition
13. Thick, strong cellulose wall with hollow lumen (made from dead cells).
Term
14. Describe the structure of the phloem?
Definition
14. Column of living cells.
Term
15. What is transpiration?
Definition
15. Evaporation and diffusion of water from inside leaves.
Term
16. Transpiration rate is increased by…?
Definition
16. Increased light intensity, increased temp, increased air movement, decreased humidity.
Term
17. Why?
Definition
17. Stomata opens so water escapes, movement of water molecules increases so water escapes, molecules near stomata removed and evaporation and diffusion inside leaf increased, low conc of water outside leaf so osmosis removes water.
Term
18. What minerals can fertilisers contain?
Definition
18. Nitrates, phosphates, potassium, magnesium
Term
19. Why do plants require the above minerals?
Definition
19. Protein & growth, respiration & growth, respiration & photosynthesis, photosynthesis
Term
20. A lack of the above minerals would cause…?
Definition
20. Poor growth & yellow leaves, poor root growth & discoloured leaves, poor flower/fruit growth and discoloured leaves, yellow leaves
Term
21. Dissolved minerals are absorbed by…?
Definition
21. Roots from the soil.
Term
22. How are minerals taken up into root hair cells?
Definition
22. Active transport.
Term
23. Describe the above process…
Definition
23. Substances move from low conc to high conc.
Term
24. The above process uses energy from…?
Definition
24. Respiration.
Term
1. What do pesticides do?
Definition
1. Kill pests
Term
2. What do herbicides do?
Definition
2. Kill plants/weeds
Term
3. Give two examples of pesticides:
Definition
3. Insecticides, fungicides
Term
4. What methods can farmers use to increase their production?
Definition
4. Greenhouses, hydroponiocs, fish farms, battery hens
Term
5. Describe organic farming methods
Definition
5. No artificial fertilisers, no herbicides, no pesticides
Term
6. How can pests be biologically controlled?
Definition
6. Introduce a new predator to remove an old one
Term
7. Describe intensive farming:
Definition
7. Trying to produce as much food as possible from the land, plants & animals available
Term
8. Advantage and disadvantages of intensive farming?
Definition
8. Efficient, ethical dilemmas, pesticides may enter & accumulate in food chains, pesticides may harm organisms which are not pests
Term
9. Describe how plants can be grown without soil (hydroponics):
Definition
9. Plant roots in specially treated water that contains right amount of fertiliser & oxygen
Term
10. Describe organic farming techniques:
Definition
10. Animal manure as compost, crop rotation, nitrogen-fixing crops, weeding
Term
11. Explain how removing one organism from a food chain/web may affect other organisms:
Definition
11. Some populations may increase as fewer are eaten, some may decrease as predators are short of food and have to eat something else
Term
12. How can pesticides accumulate in food chains?
Definition
12. Pesticide in organisms low down the food chain gets passed on to predators further up in the food chain and they get a lethal dose.
Term
1. What four things are needed in the decay process?
Definition
1. Microorganisms, temperature, oxygen, moisture
Term
2. Name two things that microorganisms can be used for
Definition
2. Breaking down sewage, breaking down plant waste/compost
Term
3. Name 6 food preservation techniques that reduce the rate of decay
Definition
3. Canning, cooling, freezing, drying, salt, vinegar
Term
4. What do detrivores feed on? Give examples…
Definition
4. Dead and decaying material (detritus) e.g. worms, maggots, woodlice
Term
5. How to detrivores increase the rate of decay?
Definition
5. Produce larger surface area
Term
6. What is a saprophyte?
Definition
6. Organism that breaks down dead organic matter
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