Term
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Definition
| A directional growth of a plant |
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Term
If a plant is stimulated by light
a ) what part of the plant is effected
b)What is the direction of growth
c) What description is given to this growth |
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Definition
a) Shoots
b)Towards the light source
c) Positive phototropism |
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Term
If a plant is stimulated by moisture
a ) what part of the plant is effected
b)What is the direction of growth
c) What description is given to this growth |
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Definition
a)roots
b) Towards the moisture
c)Positive hydrotropism |
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Term
If the shoots of a plant is effected by gravity...
a)What is the direction of growth?
b) What description is this? |
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Definition
a) Away from the force of gravity
b) negative gravitropism |
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Term
If the roots of a plant is effected by gravity...
a)What is the direction of growth?
b) What description is this? |
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Definition
a) Towards the force of gravity
b) Positive gravitropism |
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Term
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Definition
A proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations
It can be used to make predictions that can be tested |
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Term
| What is the mode of auxin on shoots? |
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Definition
| Auxin is first synthesised at the tip of shoots, but the auxin moves away from tips by diffusion. Auxin causes cell walls of the cells in a region behind he tip to become elastic. These cells fill with water so they can stretch and elongate so the plant increases in length |
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Term
| What causes cells to elongate more on one side than another? |
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Definition
| The stimuli of light and gravity can cause cells on one side to elongate more than cells on the other sides. This causes bending in the shoot or root. |
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Term
| What does a high concentration of auxin in the shoots do? |
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Definition
| It makes the cell longer and therefore reduces growth |
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Term
| What does a high concentration of auxin in the roots do? |
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Definition
| This inhibits cell elongation and reduces growth |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical messengers that carry around the body in your blood. |
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Term
| Which structures make and release hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are hormones transported round the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the names of the organs that respond to the hormones? |
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Definition
| Target organs (they receive by using hormone receptors) |
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Term
| How fast do hormones travel round your body? |
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Definition
| The same speed at which your blood flows |
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Term
| What gland produces thyroxine? What is the effect of this hormone? |
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Definition
| The thyroide gland produces it. This controls the body's overall rate of metabolism |
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Term
| Where is insulin produced? What is the effect of it? |
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Definition
| In the pancreas. It control blood sugar levels. An insulin deficiency causes diabetes. |
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Term
| Where is adreneline produced? What is the effect of it? |
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Definition
| In the adrenal gland. This prepares the body for action by increasing the heart rate and breathing rate and diverting blood from gut to limb muscles. |
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Term
| Where is oestrogen produced? What is the effect of it? |
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Definition
| In the ovaries. It controls sexual development and regulates the menstrual cycle |
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Term
| Where is testosterone produced? What is the effect of it? |
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Definition
| It is produced in the testes. It control sexual development in the male. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in your internal or external environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Something which detects a stimulus. They are modified body cells. |
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Term
| What can receptor organs be grouped together as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the nervous system allow us to do? |
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Definition
| React to change around us. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defence mechanisms which speed up response times by short circuiting the conscious part of the brain. |
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Term
| What do reflex actions use? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of reflex actions? |
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Definition
| To protect the body from damage and danger. |
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Term
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Definition
| Junctions between nerves (neurones) |
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Term
| In what form does a nerve impulse travel; down the neurone? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what form does the impulse travel through the gap between 2 neurones? |
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Definition
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Term
| In conscious activity what is the co-ordinator? |
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Definition
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Term
| In most reflex actions what is the co-ordinator? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In a muscle what is the response? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a gland what is the response? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The arrival of an electrical impulse triggers the migration of vesicles to the end of the first neurone
The vesicles migrate and fuse with the membrane of the first neurone. The chemical inside the vesicle (neurotransmitter) is released into the synapse and it diffuses from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration towards the next neurone. When it reaches it is binds to a specific receptor molecule on the membrane. This generates a new nerve impulse to be initiated and passed down the second neurone. When it reaches its destination it has reached an effector. |
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Term
| Which is faster: the endocrine system or the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what form is the message in the endocrine system? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what form is the message in the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the area of response in the nervous system? What is the duration? |
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Definition
It is confined to one area of the body and the response is localised
It has a short response |
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Term
| Where is the area of response in the Endocrine system? What is the duration? |
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Definition
It is noticed by many organs and therefore the response is widespread
It has a long response |
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Term
| What processes does the nervous system control? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What processes does the endocrine system control? |
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Definition
Menstrual Cycle
Insulin Control
Metabolism |
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Term
| Where is FSH produced and released ? What is its target organ? |
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Definition
| The pituitary gland releases it to target the ovary. |
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Term
| What is the function of FSH in the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
It stimulates the development of a follicle in the ovary. It stimulates the egg within the follicle to mature.
It makes the ovary produce oestrogen. |
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Term
| Where oestrogen produced and released? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of oestrogen in the ovary? |
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Definition
| To make the lining of the uterus to start to build up |
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Term
| What is the function of oestrogen on the pituitary gland? |
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Definition
Causes FSH production to fall.
Make pituitary gland to secrete LH. |
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Term
|
Definition
| follicle Stimulating Hormone |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is LH produced and releases? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What s the function of LH? |
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Definition
To stimulate ovulation (egg release
Stimulate ovary to release progesterone |
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Term
| Where is progesterone produced? |
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Definition
| In the ovary after ovulation |
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Term
| What is the function of progesterone in the uterus? |
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Definition
| Maintain the thick lining of the uterus wall |
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Term
| What is the function of progesterone in the pituitary gland? |
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Definition
| To inhibit the secretion of LH and FSH. |
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Term
| How do oral contraceptives work? |
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Definition
| Contain hormones which inhibit FSH production so no eggs mature. |
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Term
| Which hormones do fertility drugs mainly contain? Why? |
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Definition
| FSH and LH, these trigger oestrogen production and stimulate egg to mature |
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Term
| How does the process of IVF work? |
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Definition
- The mother is given FSH and LH to make many eggs mature
- The eggs are placed in a special solution in a petri dish
- Semen is collected and the sperm and eggs are mixed
- The eggs are checked to make sure they have been properly fertilised and the embryo is devloping properly.
- At the stage when the embryos have formed tiny balls of cells they are placed in the uterus of the mother
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Term
| What are the benefits of oestrogen and progesterone in the pill? |
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Definition
Prevents egg release and therefore pregnancy
Controls family and population size
There are financial and health benefits
Regulates periods |
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Term
| What are the problems with oestrogen and progesterone in the pill |
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Definition
Prolonged use can cause infertility
Side effects: headaches, high blood pressure, weight gain, nausea, breast cancer, mood swings, circulatory problems
If lots of people take it hormones in urine goes into water system and creates problems for men
Some religions do not agree with it. |
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Term
| What are the advantages of FSH and LH in fertility drugs? |
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Definition
It increase fertility
Stimulates egg release for donors |
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Term
| What are the problems with FSH and LH in fertility drugs? |
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Definition
Multiple births
Possible deaths/ disabilities
Expensive for NHS
People are older when they become parents |
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Term
| What are the advantages of FSH and LH in fertility drugs as part of IVF? |
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Definition
One dose can harvest lots of eggs
You can control how many eggs are implanted |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of FSH and LH in fertility drugs as part of IVF? |
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Definition
IVF is expensive
There are ethical problems such as embryos not being implanted
It is not pleasant |
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Term
| In what ways does the body gain water? |
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Definition
| Through food, drink and respiration in cells |
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Term
| In what ways is water lost from the body? |
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Definition
| Exhaled, Sweat, Urine and Faeces |
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Term
| What are the three main components of urine? |
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Definition
| Urea, Sodium chloride and phosphoric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Balancing the internal environment of your body |
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Term
| What parts of your body are regulated by Homeostasis? |
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Definition
| Blood sugar levels, ion content, water content and body temperature |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ions are lost via the skin when we sweat and excess ions are lost via the kidneys in urine |
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Term
| Why is temperature controlled? |
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Definition
| To maintain optimum temperature for enzymes |
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Term
| Why are blood sugar levels controlled? |
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Definition
| To provide the cells with a constant supply of energy. |
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Term
| What is the pathway of the reflex arc? |
|
Definition
| Stimulus-> Sensory Receptor -> Sensory Neurone -> Relay Neurone ->Motor Neurone -> Effector -> Response |
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Term
| Generally what is the pathway for most reflex actions? |
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Definition
| Stimulus -> Receptor -> Co-ordinator -> Effector-> Response |
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Term
| Which neurone carries impulses away from the nervous system? |
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Definition
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