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B1- Medicine and Drugs
This is suitable for revising the Medicine and Drugs topic for Biology AQA GCSE
32
Biology
10th Grade
06/18/2013

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Term
What is a drug?
Definition
A substance which alters the way which your body works. It could affect your mind, body or both.
Term
What are the main stages of testing a new drug?
Definition
Researchers target a particular disease
Researchers screen lots of chemicals
Possible drugs are made from chemical compounds
In Vitro testing on tissue cells
Chemicals tested on animals for side effects, including long-term
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Medicine is granted a license
Monitored to make sure its safe
Term
What is Phase 1 in testing a new drug?
Definition
Clinical trials- small number of healthy volunteers are given it to see if it is safe for humans
Term
What is Phase 2 in testing a new drug?
Definition
A small number of people suffering from disease are used to see if drug is effected and if there are any side- effects
Term
What is Phase 3?
Definition
A larger number of patients are used and progress is monitored. This is where qualities are adjusted
Term
What is a double blind trial?
Definition
When neither the doctor or patient know whether the patient has been given a drug that is being tested or a placebo.
Term
What was Thalidomide developed as?
Definition
A sleeping pill
Term
What was the problem with Thalidomide?
Definition
It was tested in medical drug trials but not on pregnant rats. This gave pregnant women's children birth defects
Term
What are drugs tested food?
Definition
Effectiveness, safety, stability and amount of side effects.
Term
Where is cholesterol produced?
Definition
In the liver
Term
What is cholesterol used for?
Definition
To make cell membranes and sex hormones and is therefore is vital for survival.
Term
What is atheroma?
Definition
Cholesterol building up in your blood vessels and blocking them. The fatty deposits are known as atheroma.
Term
What causes high blood pressure?
Definition
Narrow blood vessels due to cholesterol blocking them
Term
What are the problems with narrow blood vessels?
Definition
These cause blood clots inside the vessels which could possibly mean they become blocked. A coronary artery could lead to a heart attack as the heart is starved of oxygen and glucose.
Term
What are statins?
Definition
Chemicals found in plants that are used to reduce people's cholesterol levels.
Term
How do statins work?
Definition
They block an enzyme in the liver which make cholesterol.
Term
What are some advantages of statins?
Definition
They lower chance of a stroke or heart attack by 25-40%
Lower cholesterol level/blood pressure
Less likely to get a blood clot
Term
What are disadvantages of statins?
Definition
Can cause liver damage/cancer
Minor side effects
Expensive
Term
What is bias?
Definition
When a person has an interest in the outcome of an experiment or trial that will being the some gain
Term
What is a placebo?
Definition
A medicine which is given to a patient that has no active ingredient in it
Term
What is addiction?
Definition
Some drugs change the chemical processes in your body so that you become addicted to them. This means that you cannot manage without them. Once addicted you need more and more of that drug. When an addict stops taking a drug they experience withdrawal symptoms.
Term
What may harm your body?
Definition
Alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs
Term
What are the problems with heroin and cocaine?
Definition
They are very addictive and can cause serious health problems
Term
What are stimulants?
Definition
Substances
Term
What are stimulants?
Definition
Substances which speed up the activity of the nervous system making you more energetic ad alert
Term
What are depressants?
Definition
Substances that slow down the responses of the brain.
Term
Which type of drugs is more powerful?
Definition
Legal drugs have a greater impact than illegal ones as more people take them.
Term
Drugs used for recreation affect which parts of the body?
Definition
The nervous system especially synapses.
Term
What are stimulants used for in sports?
Definition
They boost bodily functions for example boosting heart rate. Which would deliver more oxygen to the muscles and so more respiration can take place. Therefore there is more muscle contraction
Term
What are anabolic steroids?
Definition
Man made chemicals similar to male sex hormones- especially testosterone. They increase size and strength of muscles. However, they have harmful effects on the body such as aggression, hair loss, acne and damage to heart, liver and kidneys
Term
What are advantages of anabolic steroids?
Definition
The athletes are going to win
Can become famous
Saves time spent training
Gets more oxygen into your muscles which are good for you.
Term
What are disadvantages of anabolic steroids?
Definition
If you get caught you are banned from sport
You can experience side-effects
Its morally wrong
You can become addicted
Its expensive
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