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B1b
Reproduction, genes and inheritance
16
Biology
10th Grade
02/10/2009

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Term
What does asexual reproduction mean?
Definition
Reproduction that only involves one organism
Term
What does sexual reproduction mean?
Definition
Reproduction that involves two organisms
Term
Why is sexual reproduction better than asexual reproduction in a changing environment?
Definition
Because sexual reproduction produces variation so organisms can evolve to suit their environment
Term
Why is asexual reproduction better than sexual reproduction in a constant environment? Give two reasons.
Definition
Asexual reproduction produces offspring faster than sexual reproduction so more offspring can be produced.
If an organism is suited to its environment and it reproduces asexually, all offspring will also be suited to their environment.
Term
How does a strawberry plant reproduce sexually and asexually?
Definition
It produces asexually by making runners - long stems that grow small plants off of them. These new plants are clones of the original plant.
It has flowers which are pollinated from another plant. These develop into seeds and produce new plants.
Term
What do we mean when we say something is a clone?
Definition
It has DNA which is identical to another organism, i.e. its parent
Term
What does the word gametes mean?
Definition
Sex cells, i.e. eggs and sperm
Term
What does fertilisation mean?
Definition
When male and female gametes fuse together
Term
Where is the genetic material in your cells?
Definition
In the nucleus
Term
What are chromosomes?
Definition
Coiled structures of DNA
Term
What is a gene?
Definition
A short section of DNA that codes for a protein. You have many genes and these are linked together in the chromosome
Term
Normal human body cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. Why do gametes contain half this number of chromosomes?
Definition
Because when male and female gametes join at fertilisation the number of chromosomes comes together to make a complete set. If gametes had the same number of chromosomes as other cells, the number of chromosomes in our cells would double at every fertilisation event
Term
We inherit characteristics from our parents. What else influences our characteristics?
Definition
Our environment
Term
If one parent has blue eyes and one has brown eyes the child is more likely to have brown eyes than blue.
Explain why by completing this...
This is because the gene for brown eyes is D________ and the gene for blue eyes is R__________?
Definition
This is because the gene for brown eyes is DOMINANT and the gene for blue eyes is RECESSIVE
Term
Is the gene for attached ear lobes dominant or recessive?
Definition
The gene for attached ear lobes is dominant.
Term
Who was the first person to do detailed studies on genes and inheritance and what did he study?
Definition
Gregor Mendel grew pea plants and investigated whether characteristics were passed on from parent plants to their offspring
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