Term
| What are some non modifiable risk factors in heart disease? |
|
Definition
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
Heredity |
|
|
Term
| What are some modifiable risk factors in heart disease? |
|
Definition
Smoking
Obesity
Physical inactivity
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Diabetes Mellitus
Stress
Metabolic Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What does the coronary arteries do? |
|
Definition
| Delivery blood and oxygen to the heart itself |
|
|
Term
| Heart disease is the #1 killer of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypertension is a risk factor for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypertension does what to arteries? |
|
Definition
| Hardens arteries and becomes calcified and don't contract |
|
|
Term
| Hardening of the arteries are called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fat can attach to arteries and does what to blood flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypertension and vaso constriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diabetes
Hypolipidemia
Hypertension |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension is defined as? |
|
Definition
BP higher then 140 systolic
or 90 diastolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary hypertension is? |
|
Definition
Caused by medical conditions
(cushings, pheochromocytoma(tumor in adrenall abdulla, kidney disease) |
|
|
Term
| Malignant hypertension is? |
|
Definition
| Severe rapidly progressing |
|
|
Term
| Goal of hypertension are to? |
|
Definition
Maintain BP <140/90 in older adults
<130/80 in younger adults |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension is also called the? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some common symptoms of hypertension are? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is coronary artery disease? |
|
Definition
Conditions that obstruct blood flow in the coronary arteries
Damage of arteries that supply blood to your heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If oxygen gets blocked off for too long it? |
|
Definition
| Becomes a heart attack because tissue is dying |
|
|
Term
| Difference between MI & angina is? |
|
Definition
| With angina you don't kill cells with an MI chest pain you kill cells and tissue die |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids & cellular debris in the inner layers of the wall of the arteries |
|
|
Term
| With atherosclerosis the severity of the disease is measured by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main reason people have coronary artery disease is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common disease resulting from CAD is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Myocardial infarction is? |
|
Definition
Damage cells from blocking of oxygen
Occulsion of one of the coronary arteries or its branches by clot or sclerotic condition:the part of the heart that loses the blood supply dies (necrosis of the area) |
|
|
Term
| Another word for Myocardial infarction is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries is the most common cause (90%) of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of angina pectoris? |
|
Definition
| Decreased flow of blood to the myocardium (ischemia) leading to decreased oxygen & chest pain (angina) |
|
|
Term
| What triggers angina pectoris? |
|
Definition
| Triggered by cold, exercise (activity increases metabolic demand), & stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive). |
|
|
Term
| S/S of Angina pectoris are? |
|
Definition
Pain
May radiate to neck, arms, shoulders, or jaw
SOB, pallor, anxiety, fear
Similar to MI, but it is a TEMPORARY lack of O2 and blood to the heart |
|
|
Term
| Pain in angina pectoris is relieved with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When muscle cells get damaged or die they release enzymes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of angina pectoris are? |
|
Definition
Relief of chest pain; O2 therapy
Nitroglycerin
Long acting NTG to preven attacks
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
ASA, anticoagulants, antilipidemics |
|
|
Term
| What is the nursing care for angina pectoris? |
|
Definition
Assess hest pain
O2 sar
Cardiac monitoring
Semi fowlers with O2 therapy as ordered
Check BP & HR |
|
|
Term
| MI usually affects the left ventricle because? |
|
Definition
| It is the "workhorse" of the heart & demands more oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
May be asymoptomatic
Pain-more severe than angina, crushing vise-like, radiates to shoulder, arm, neck, jaw
NOT relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
SOB, pallor, cold/clammy skin, diaphoresis, anxiety, nausea/vomiting/ decreased BP, tachycardia/weak pulse, increased temp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medications
ASA, morphine, valium, NTG
Balloon angioplasty |
|
|
Term
| What is nursing care of MI? |
|
Definition
Medications
Morphine-decreases pain and O2 demand
Heparin
ASA
stool softeners
Avoid fatigue
NPO until stable |
|
|
Term
| What is rheumatic heart disease? |
|
Definition
Results from rheumatic fever
and is caused by inadequately treated strep infection |
|
|
Term
| Ineffective treatment results in a delayed reaction and inflammation of? |
|
Definition
Cardiac tissue, CNS, joints, and skin
Causes necrosis on valve
Develops vegetative growth (Aschoffs nodules) |
|
|
Term
| S/S of rheumatic heart disease are? |
|
Definition
Fever
Join and abdominal pain
Chest pain/discomfort
Tachycardia/SOB
Lethargy and fatigue
Heart murmur/friction rub |
|
|
Term
| What does erthema marginatum mean? |
|
Definition
Rash on trunk
Rheumatic heart disease |
|
|
Term
| What does St. Vitus dance mean? |
|
Definition
Involuntary muscle spasms
also called Sydenhams Chorea
Rheumatic heart disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of Rheumatic heart disease? |
|
Definition
Rapid treatment of strep infection
Bedrest when acutely ill
Manage join pain - NSAIDS
May need valve replacement if damage |
|
|
Term
| What does pericarditis mean? |
|
Definition
Inflammation of the membranous sac surrounding the heart
Associated with bacterial, viral or fungal infection
Fibrous constriction and thickening |
|
|
Term
| What are the s/s of pericarditis? |
|
Definition
Chest pain radiating to back or neck
May be aggregated by deep breathing, coughing, movement, swallowing or supine position |
|
|
Term
| What does endocarditis mean? |
|
Definition
Inflammation or infection of inner membranous lining of heart, especially the valves
Inefective endocarditis |
|
|
Term
| What are the s/s of endocarditis? |
|
Definition
| Fever, fatigue, chest pain, joint pain, chills, murmur, petechiae, splinter hemorrhages, purplish red lesions on palms of hands & soles of feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the myocardium
Caused by rheumatic heart disease, virus or bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What are the s/s of myocarditis? |
|
Definition
| Begins with flu like symptoms then progresses to chest pain & heart gailure with dyspnea, dysrhythmias, tachycardia, murmur & friction rub |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of heart diseases that affects its structure or function |
|
|
Term
| What are s/s of cardiomyopathy? |
|
Definition
| Angina, syncope, fatigue, DOE, severe exercise intolerance, may develop signs of L & R sided heart failure |
|
|
Term
| What is valvular heart disease? |
|
Definition
| Valves that do not open and close properly due to stenosis or insufficiency (valve unable to close completely) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thickening of valve tissues causing narrowing |
|
|
Term
| What are the s/s of valvular heart disease? |
|
Definition
| Decreased cardiac output, fatigue or weakness in performing ADL's. Chest pain, dyspnea, heart murmur, crackles, edema |
|
|
Term
| What are the treatment options of valvular heart disease? |
|
Definition
| Decrease activity, decreased sodium diet, duiretics, digoxin, valve replacement, mitral commissurotomy |
|
|
Term
| What is the nursing care for valvular heart disease? |
|
Definition
Assist with ADLs
Adm meds
I&O daily
Monitor RR
Auscultate lung/heart sounds
Check cap refill, pedal pulses
Give O2 as ordered
Assess for edema
Na restricted diet |
|
|
Term
| What are some complications of heart disease? |
|
Definition
| Arrhythmia's, heart failures, pulmonary edema & cardiogenic shock |
|
|
Term
| What is normal sinus rhythm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the normal sinus rhythm originate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sudden stop of cardiac output and circulation
CPR must be started immediately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Battery operated generator that initiates and controls the heart rate by delivering electrical impulses to the myocardium |
|
|
Term
| What is left ventricular failure? |
|
Definition
Heart failure usually begins here
Caused when the heart can no longer pump enough blood to sustain the body's needs
Decreased cardiac output |
|
|
Term
| What are s/s of left ventricular failure? |
|
Definition
Result of decreased cardiac output & pulmonary congestion
Activity intolerance, fatigue, weak, dizziness/syncope |
|
|
Term
| What is right ventricular failure? |
|
Definition
Progresses from left sided failure which causes back up to atrium & pulmonary congestion
This then prevents the right ventricle from pumping to the lungs resulting in right failure |
|
|
Term
| Right ventricular failure results in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Right ventricular failure may progress to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the liver during right ventricular failure? |
|
Definition
| Liver becomes congested, ascites, distended jugular veins, oliguria, anorexia, nausea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissue and alveoli caused by heart failure |
|
|
Term
| With pulmonary edema fluid backs up into lungs and pt? |
|
Definition
| drowns in his own secretions |
|
|
