Term
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Definition
| contusion (bruising) at site of skull where force is exerted on skull |
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Term
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Definition
| additional contusion caused from blow on opposite side of skull |
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Term
| movement of brain causes twisting/shearing of nerve fibers resulting in microscopic _____. It is common to occur on front and sides. |
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Definition
| lesions (damage to nervous system |
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Term
| bruises and strains from impact produce _____ (meaning bleeding) and ______ (blood grows) exerting pressure on brain regions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blows produce swelling _____, which exerts pressure on the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| what happened to Phineas Gage? |
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Definition
| tamping bar through skull affected his personality by making him prone to "animal passions of a strong man" but did not affect motor or memory |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 symmetrical brian halves |
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Term
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Definition
thin folded layer of nerve tissue/outer layer of brain.
cortex means bark |
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Term
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Definition
| hominid ancestor; first primates to walk upright |
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Term
| oldest homo fossil was _ million years ago, the ______ |
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Definition
| 2 million years ago; the homohabilis (handy human) |
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Term
| Homo erectus spread from ____ (a continent) to ____ and ____ (2 other continents) |
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Definition
| from Africa to Europe and Asia |
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Term
| Until _____ yrs ago in Europe and 18,000 yrs ago in Asia, Homo sapiens coexisted with other hominid species |
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Definition
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Term
| Comparison of actual brian size to expected brain size using the principle of ___________ shows intelligence of animals based upon where they are in relation to expected brain size. |
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Definition
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Term
| EQ/encephalization quotient |
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Definition
| Jerison's measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brains size to the expected brains size according to the principle of proper mass |
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Term
| Jerison's premise concerning brain size and complex behavior is that: |
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Definition
| the larger a brain the more complex behavior and movements of the animal |
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Term
| each new hominid species probably appeared after ___ occurred |
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Definition
| a dramatic climate change |
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Term
| 8 mil years ago the Great Rift Valley was created in East Africa and apes became ____ to fit selective pressures of the tree/grass landscape, giving them these advantages: .... |
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Definition
upright
less sun exposure for better temperature handling, better climbing, better vision, better locomotion in habitat |
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Term
| drier climate change 2 mil years ago made more grass and ______________ |
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Definition
| the homo habilis emerged, they scavenged large herd animals |
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Term
| rapid cooling and lowered seas in Africa (maybe) led to |
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Definition
| homo erectus appearing with better hunting skills and tools. migrated to other parts of the world |
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Term
| vegetation eaters have smaller brains than fruit eaters b/c foraging for fruit is |
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Definition
| complex b/c it only grows on certain trees in certain seasons; different animals and insects compete for it; time taken for fruit to be produced; |
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Term
| what 3 skills do fruit eaters require |
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Definition
| memory, color vision, and motor skills are needed. |
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Term
| humans descend from ____ eaters but have more elaborate skills for ____ eating |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| idea that selection for improved brain cooling through increased blood circulation in the brains of early hominids enabled the brain to grow larger |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which maturation is delayed so an adult retains infant characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| cortex lying below lateral fissure, beneath the temporal bone at the side of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebral cortex anterior to central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebral cortex posterior to the central sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebral cortex at back of the brain and beneath occipital lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that are most directly related to behavior; a specialized cell engaged in info processing |
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Term
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Definition
| part of CNS that descends in canal through backbone |
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Term
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Definition
| brain and spinal cord; encased in bone |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| all neurons in body located outside of brain and spinal cord |
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